语法专题讲解及专项练习-情态动词[1]

高考英语语法专题讲解-情态动词

★情态动词：can, could, may, might,must,ought to, shall, will,would, need ,dare 1. 表示推测的情态动词

1.1基本原则：

1.1.2 对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词+do / be / be doing…

对过去的推测，用情态动词+have done / been…。

1.1.3表示肯定推测的情态动词,按可能性由大到小依次为:must> should / ought

to>may>might>could。

1.1.4否定推测，按语气由强到弱依次为：can’t / couldn’t（根本不可能）>may not> might

not/could not(可能不)。

1.2 具体用法：

1.2.1 must be表示推测，意为“一定是……”只用于肯定句中

must have done意为“一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了”并且有前文铺垫

e.g. Listen! There must be some children in the room.

The road is wet. It must have rained last night.

1.2.2 should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该

发生”

e.g. It is nearly 7 o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment.

You shouldn’t be texting in the class now. We are having a lesson.

(should not 含有责备之意)

1.2.3 can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论

上的可能性，意为“有时候会…”，并不牵涉是否真的会发生；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。

e.g. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometime.

1.2.4may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比

may较婉转。

e.g. Although this may sound like a simple task, great care is needed.

2. 表达虚拟语气的情态动词

2.1 适用情况：对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，形式：情态动词+have done

2.2 具体用法：

2.2.1 should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，

含有责备或后悔之意。

e.g. You should have gone over your lesson yesterday. (In fact, you didn’t go over your

lesson yesterday.)

2.2.2could have done本来能够做某事但未做。

e.g. If you followed my advice, you could have finished it. 比较一下这一句：

The road isn’t wet. It couldn’t/ can’t have rained last night. (对过去的猜测)

2.2.3needn’t have done: 本没有必要做某事但却做了。

needn’t do: 没有必要去做某事 (时间上应该是现在或将来)。

e.g.—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

—Thanks. You needn’t have done it. I could manage it myself.

You needn’t do it. I’ll do it later.

2.2.4 would (not) have done:本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常

用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的

假设。

e.g.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he would have scored

a goal.

2.2.5 might have done:本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生的事。

e.g.What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he might have done better.

3.表达“情感、态度、语气”的情态动词

3.1 must: 表示主观的义务和必要,意为“必须…”。用于：

肯定句：You must finish it now.

Yes, you must/have to.

疑问句：Must I finish it now?

No, you needn’t/ don’t.

条件句或疑问句: 可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要”

e.g. —May I smoke here ?

—If you must, choose a seat in the smoking section.

John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour?

3.2mustn’t: 表示禁止

e.g. When I was young, I was told that I mustn’t play with matches

3.3 should

3.3.1表示责任和义务。

e.g. According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before

boarding.

3.3.2在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示与将来事实相反的假设,意为“万一”。

e.g. If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的

Should you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut

off.

3.3.3表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外，译为“竟然”。

e.g. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.

3.4 shall

3.4.1用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。

e.g Shall I carry it for you?

3.4.2用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。

e.g —Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.

—You shan’t have my computer if you don’t take care of it .

3.4.3用于宣布法律、规定的要求。

e.g.—What does the sign over there read?

—“No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”

3.5 can

3.5.1表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。

e.g. How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered

only part of the article?

3.5.2表示请求或许可。

e.g. —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. Can I go out and play with Tom for

a while?

—No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now.

3.5.3表达一般的或永久的能力。

区别：be able to也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。

e.g. If it were not for the fact that she can’t sing, I would invite her to the party.

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.

3.6 would

3.6.1 will与would

3.6.1.1表示意愿: will 表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。

e.g Go where you will.

If you will allow me, I will see you home. (will可用于条件句中表意愿)

He wouldn’t help me yesterday.

I wouldn’t go. （would用于表现在的意愿时语气较委婉）

3.6.1.2表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，would的语气更委婉。

e.g. Won’t you take off your coat?

Would Sunday night suit you?

3.6.1.3.表示习惯和倾向性:will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯。

e.g. Oil will float on water.

This window won’t open.

When he was a child, he would often go skiing.

That’s just like him—he would lose his keys! 他就是这样，老丢钥匙!

(这里would表示经常发生的令人不耐烦的事)

3.6.1.

4.表示推测：will用于谈论现在，would可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在(语

气较委婉)。

e.g.Ask him. He will know. 他可能知道吧。

You wouldn’t know how much she loves him.你可能不知道…

Every family would have some sort of trouble. 家家都会有本难念的经。

You will have heard of it. 你已经听到那事了吧。

I thought you would have finished it by now.

(后接完成式，表示对过去可能已经发生的情况进行推测)

3.6.1.5. 表示执意或决心：will表示现在的执意和决心，would表示过去的执意和决心。

e.g. “Tell me the secret.” “I won’t.”我才不会！

He would do it, though I told him not to. 虽然我叫他不要做，可是他偏要做。

3.6.1.6.其他用法

will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等，

would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等。

e.g. You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。

You will do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。

That’s just what he would say. 他就是爱那样讲话。

You would never do anything to hurt me. 你绝不会做伤害我的事的。

3.6.2would与虚拟条件句:有时用would，可视为是省略了包含有相关条件的虚拟语气。

e.g. I might see her personally. It would be better.

=It would be better if I saw her personally. 我可能亲自去看她，那样更好些。

She’d be stupid not to accept.

=She would be stupid if the didn’t accept.她不接受那才笨呢。

3.6.3 would 与used to 表达过去的习惯性的动作或状态

e.g. When he was there, he would / uesd to go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every

day.

3.7 dare 与need

3.7.1 dare作为情态动词仅用于：

否定句：He dare not go himself.

一般疑问句: Dare you walk through the forest at night?

条件状语从句: If the enemy dare enter the village, we’ll fight against them.

含有表示怀疑词的名词从句：I wonder how the dare say such things.

3.7.2 need作为情态动词仅用于：

否定句：You needn’t return your book now.

一般疑问句：Need he go there yesterday?

表对过去的责备：need have/ haven’t done

3.7.3 两者皆可作为实义动词。

【情态动词专项训练】

1. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.

—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.(NMET2007 江苏)

A. should

B. could

C. must

D. might

2. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

—It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (NMET2007全国I)

A. will

B. would

C. should

D. must

4. You ______ be hungry already —you had lunch only two hours ago! （NMET2008浙江）

A. wouldn’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

6. Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

（NMET2008辽宁）

A. shall

B. should

C. can

D. must

7. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling. (NMET2008全国II)

A. will

B. can

C. must

D. may

8. —I can’t find my purse anywhere.

—You __ have lost it while shopping. (NMET2008重庆)

A. may

B. can

C. should

D. would

9.—I’m sorry. I _________at you the other day.

—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. （NMET2008江苏）

A. shouldn’t shout

B. shouldn’t h ave shouted

C. mustn’t shout C. mustn’t have shouted

11. He _____ fatter but he eats too little .

A. would become

B. would have become

C. must become

D. must have become

12.一What does the sign over there read?

一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．” （2007 四川卷）

A．will B．may C．Shall D. must

13. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.

（NMET2008山东）

A. can manage

B. could have managed

C. could manage

D. can have managed

15. —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.

—It ________ a comfortable journey. (全国卷)

A. can’t be

B. shouldn’t be

C. mustn’t have been

D. couldn’t have been

16. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow.

(NMET2007上海春)

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

17. —What’s the name?

—Khulaifi. _________ I spell it for you? (NMET2006北京)

A. Shall

B. Would

C. Can

D. Might

18. John promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.

(NMET2008北京)

A. might

B. should

C. could

D. would

19.In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.(NMET2007安徽)

A. that used to be

B. it is used to

C. it was used to

D. it used to be

20. How ______ they expect to learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching

TV?

A. can

B. should

C. might

D. could

21. Can you believe that he _________ marry his young daughter to such an old man only

because he is rich.

A. would

B. should

C. must

D. can

22. —May I use your car, Mom?

—Well…, if you __________.

A. can

B. must

C. need

D. should

23. Seriously hurt as he was, he _________ tell the police what had happened.

A. could

B. might

C. was able to

D. couldn’t

24. —A bike for me ? Father ________ have chosen a better gift for my birthday.

—He _______ be very happy to know it.

A. should; must

B. might; wouldn’t

C. couldn’t; must

D. mustn’t; can’t

25. When we worked in the same office, we _______ often have coffee together.

A. might

B. should

C. could

D. would

26. It’s so late. Where __________ she have gone?

A. can

B. must

C. should

D. would

27. —No wonder you are so sleepy. You ________video games for so long.

—I regret having done it now.

A. shouldn’t have played

B. mustn’t have played

C. couldn’t have played

D. might not have played

28. She _______ you more help, even though she was very busy.

A. might have offered

B. might offer

C. may have offered

D. may offer

29. All payments ________ be made by the end of the month according to the contract.

A. shall

B. will

C. can

D. need

30. —What_____________ I wear to the party, my dear?

—Up to you!

A. will

B. shall

C. can

D. must

Answer:

1.c

2.c

3.c

4.b

5.a

6.c

7.d

8.d

9.b 11.a 12.c 13.b 15.d 16.c 17.a 18.d 19.d 20.c 21.b 22.b 23.c 24.c 25.d 26.a 27.a 28.a 29.a 30.b

语法知识—情态动词的知识点总复习附解析

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高考情态动词专项练习及答案详解

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情态动词 一．情态动词基本用法 1.? can和could，用在否定句和疑问句中,表示惊讶，用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? ?cannot....too/enough 表示“无论...也不过分，越...越好”。 You can’t be too careful while driving? 2.may和might的区别 ?表示许可、可能性、祝愿等意义，might比may更委婉。 A:给别人许可时。-May I play basketball this afternoon？ B:may/might as well+动原，“最好，倒不如”。 表示禁止。 ?may作“可以”讲时，疑问句回答用mustn’t/can’ｔ 3. Must的用法 ?表示禁止（用于否定中） You mustn’t smoke in the bedroom. ?表示偏执、固执 -Could I have a word with you,mum? -Oh dear,if you must. ?must的否定回答 A:作必须讲时，疑问否定回答用don’t have to,needn’ｔ B：推测，一定讲时，回答用can’t. 表禁止。 C:mustn’ｔ 委婉) --May I use your car? --No, you mustn’t./ -Sorry,you’d better not.(注意：must强调内在职责，而have to 强调迫于外界压力，不得已而为之。 4 .shall的用法 ?一、三人称征求意见时。请求对方时。Shall we begin our class? ?二，三人称陈述句中，说话人给对方的命令，警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 5.will和would的区别 ?自愿主动提出，如：意志、愿望或决心，would 过去，will not表示拒绝。 I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen. ?will习惯性动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。 Everything he will have a walk along this year. ?would过去习惯性动作，比used to 正式。 Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after Class. ?used to do 过去常，过去一直------只表示过去。 用来”/be used to doing习惯于-----可表过、现或将。 be used to do “ 6.dare表示敢于情态：dare do Dare you go home along？ 及物：dare to do Do they dare to say what she thinks? 7.need用法情态：need do 及物need to do表示主动 need doing 被动My overcoats needs washing.

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情态动词 一、概述 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能、应当、必要”等等，但本身意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。除ought, used, have后跟不定式外，其他情态动词一律跟动词原形。情态动词主要有：can/could, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to等。 二、基本用法 （一）can和could的用法 1．表示能力，可译为“能，会”。 I can swim. 我会游泳。 Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young. The cinema can seat 1,000 people. I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old. 2．表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。 --- Could I use your dictionary? 我可以用一下你的字典吗？ ---Yes, go ahead. 可以，用吧。（或Yes, you can. 但不能说Yes, you could.） Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo? 劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？ He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room. 3. 表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 The temperature can fall to–60℃,that is60℃below freezing.气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。 You mustn′t smoke while you′re walking around in the wood.You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 3．表示推测，可用于肯定句（can罕见）、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推测的可能性比could大。 Can he be ill at home? 他会是生病在家吗？ Can the story be true? 这个故事会是真的吗？

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九年级英语表推测语气的讲解与练习 表推测时，英语中只使用must,may,might,may not和can't。这五个表达的语气依次递减： must:一定（语气肯定） may：也许（不很肯定） might：或许（比may语气更弱） may not：也许不（表否定） can't：一定不（must的反义） 推测现在的事情用must,may,might,may not和can't+do或be e.g.She must be at home now. The boy may play now. 推测过去的事情用must,may,might,may not和can't+have done e.g.She might have been ill yesterday. He must have hold the party. 情态动词must, can, could, may, might表推测的用法 情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都表推测。其中must的可能性最大，can / could次之，may / might最小。具体用法如下： 1.must的用法 （1）表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“一定、准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。 （2）must表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时，应用can’t,如询问某种可能时，应用can。 He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定） He can’t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不） Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗？（询问可能性） （3）must表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。 He must have a car now. （现在）他一定有辆小汽车。 He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。 He must have finished the work.（过去发生）他一定已完成了工作。 注：must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用It`s certain / I’m sure that he will come tomorrow. （4）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isn’t he? （现在）他准是个工人，是吗？ It must have rained last night, didn’t it? （过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？

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表推测时，英语中只使用must,may,might,may not和can't。这五个表达的语气依次递减：must:一定（语气肯定）可能性最大 may might ；can could 可能不确定可能性不大 may not：也许不（表否定） can't：一定不；不可能（must的反义）可能性为零 推测现在的事情用must,may,might,may not和can't+do或be e.g.She must be at home now. The boy may play now. 推测过去的事情用must,may,might,may not和can't+have done e.g.She might have been ill yesterday. He must have hold the party. 情态动词must, can, could, may, might表推测的用法 情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都表推测。其中must的可能性最大，can / could 次之，may / might最小。具体用法如下： 1.must的用法 （1）表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“一定、准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。 He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。 （2）must表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时，应用can’t,如询问某种可能时，应用can。 He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定） He can’t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不） Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗？（询问可能性） （3）must表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。 He must have a car now. （现在）他一定有辆小汽车。 He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。 He must have finished the work.（过去发生）他一定已完成了工作。 注：must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用It`s certain / I’m sure that he will come tomorrow. （4）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isn’t he? （现在）他准是个工人，是吗？ It must have rained last night, didn’t it?（过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？ You must have learned English for many years, haven’t you? （完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？ 2.can / could的用法 （1）can表示推测“可能性”时，往往用于否定句或疑问句。Can’t“一定不”，语气很肯定。can在疑问句中意思是“会、可能”。用于肯定句时，表示理论上的，潜在的可能性（有倾向，实际上未必会发生或者不涉及实际是否发生）往往与sometimes 或者someone 有关。Accidents can happen. He can’t be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。 （2）can /can’t后可接进行时/完成时，表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。They can’t be reading in the library. 他们一定不在图书馆读书。