并列连词的用法

并列连词的用法



并列连词可表示多种意义，但主要有四种，即表示并列、转折、选择、因果等。注意并列连词在句子中位置比较固定，定位于所连接的语言单位之间，两个并列连词不能并用,而可以与从属连词并用。
1、表示并列关系的并列连词
（1）并列连词and的用法
① 可以连接两个的词，多用于肯定句中。
Go and fetch something to eat.（连接两个动词如go, come等表示目的）去取些吃的东西来。
He started to shout and sing.他开始大叫并唱歌。
Read it slowly and clearly.慢慢念，念清楚。
The balloon flew higher and higher.气球越飞越高。
You can meet teachers and students.你会见到许多老师和学生。
Proper diet and exercise are important to health.适当的饮食和锻炼对健康很重要。
②连接两个句子，表示因果、对比、条件、假设、目的等。
They didn't catch the bus, and had to stay in a hotel for the night.他们没赶上汽车，只好在旅馆过夜。（因果）
Mary likes music and Lily is fond of sports.玛丽喜欢音乐，莉莉爱好体育运动。（对比）
Work hard and you will succeed.（条件，前面部分常为祈使句）如果你努力工作，就会成功。
One more week and we’ll accomplish the task.再一星期，我们就完成任务。（条件）
（2）并列连词both…and, not only…but also, as well as的用法
①both…and意为：“不但…而且…； 既…又…”，是并列连词，可以并列主语、宾语、表语、状语、谓语等成分。并列主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。
Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进。
The delegates visited both New York and Boston.代表们既访问了纽约，又访问了波士顿。
She both plays the piano and sings.她既会弹钢琴又会唱歌。
Both she and the headmaster were pleased with the boy.她和校长都喜欢这个男孩。
The situation both at home and abroad is in our favor.国内外形势对我们都很有利。
②not only…but also意为：“不但...而且”，是并列连词，可以连接两个词，也可连接两个句子。其中，but also中的also可以省略。
a.连接两个成分
not only…but also可以连接句中所有的成分，连接并列主语时，其谓语动词根据就近原则，与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。
Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不仅学生们津津有味地看着这部电影，而且他们的老师也是如此。
He can speak not only French but (also) English.他不但会讲法而且会讲英语。
He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.他不仅看过那部影

片，而且记得影片的内容。
b.并列两个句子
not only…but also可以连接两个句子，not only位于句首时， not only后的句子要倒装。
Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科学家而且还是名战士。
Not only was evrything he had taken away, but his citizenship.不仅他的一切被拿走，而且他的国籍也被取消。
③as well as 其连词作用，表示“同、和、也”等。
The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.编辑和校对者都在加班工作。
I have read his novels as well as his plays.我读过他的小说和剧本。
④when并列连词，意为“就在那时”
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我刚想走，突然电话铃响了。
We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.我们在户外一直玩到太阳下山, 那时天下起雨来了。
2、表示转折关系的并列连词
这类连词连接两个含义不同的甚至是反义的词、短语或分句。常见的还有yet(然而)，while(而)，however(可是)等。其中while与but的区别在于:while表示对比，而but表示意义正好相反。
Learning the guitar isn't difficult ,but you have to practice.学弹吉它并不难，但你得练习。
The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, but they will save us money in the long run. 改造城市需要花费很多的钱，但从长远来看还是省钱。
Excuse me for breaking in, but I have some news for you.请原谅我冒然闯入，但我有消息告诉你。
In some Asian countries , nodding the head means not “Yes”but “No”. 有些亚洲国家，点头并不表示“是”而是表示“不”。
He was in deep trouble , yet he didn't lose heart.他深陷困境，然而他没有丧失信心。
Rick was very successful. However, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.瑞克非常成功，然而他的晚年并不幸福。
You like sports, while I'd rather read.你喜欢体育而我却喜欢读书。
They were surprised that a child should work out the problem,while they themselves couldn't.他们很吃惊一个孩子能把这个题解出来而他们却不能。
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact I was talking about my daughter. 她认为我是在谈论她的女儿，而事实上我在谈论我女儿。
注意：not…but在连接主语时，谓语动词要按就近原则，与靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that.不是经理而是工人们希望那么做。
Not you but I am a teacher.不是你而是我是老师。
3、表示选择关系的并列连词
此类并列连词主要有or, or else, either…or, otherwise，neither…nor, not nor等。
（1）or的用法
① 可以连接两个的词，多用于否定或者疑问句中。主语的人称、数不一致时, 动词随着接近的主语而变化。
John or you are in Class Two.约翰或者你在二班

。
He never smokes or drinks.他从不吸烟，也不喝酒。
Will you have tea or coffee? 你喝茶还是喝咖啡？
Are you leavening for Beijing by train or by plane?你是坐火车还是坐飞机去北京？
She will be back either today or tomorrow.她不是今天回来，就是明天回来。
② 连接两个句子，常和else连用。
Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?你愿意先喝咖啡还是我们谈正事。
Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold. 穿上你的大衣，不然你会着凉。
He must pay the debt or else go to prison."他必须还债,否则就得去坐牢。"
Hurry up, or/or else we'll be late for the meeting.赶快，否则我们开会要迟到的。
注意：or, or else, otherwise三者相比，or else语气较or强，而otherwise语气则最强。
Make haste, or (else) you'll be late.快点, 要不然就来不及了。
Let's begin, otherwise, we will fall behind.我们这就开始吧，不然会落后的。
I would like you to change this blouse, or else give me my money back.我想要你换掉这件衬衣，要不把钱退给我。
or和and与否定词连用之谜
先做下面三道题:用or或and填空，要求构成完全否定。
l.Tom______Mary cannot speak Chinese.They did not speak Japanese clearly_______correctly,either.
汤姆和玛丽不会讲汉语，日语也讲得不清楚，不正确。
2.The clock has no eyes____ears.And it has no mouth____ no legs,either. 时钟没有眼晴和耳朵，也没有嘴和腿。
3.Man can’t live without air______water.That’s to say,man will die without air_______water. 没有空气和水，人就不生活，也就是说，没有空气和水，人就会死。
说明:在否定句中，并列成分的列举通常用or连接构成完全否定，用and连接构成部分否定。但在中学英语课本中，否定词与and连用，有以下几种情况，仍构成完全否定:
1.列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前，用and连接，而在否定词之后的列举成分用or构成完全否定，所以句1的答案是and，or。
2.列举成分之前都有否定词时，用and连接，否则用or连接，也都构成完全否定，所以句2的答案是or，and。
3.在否定句中，without之后若有列举成分用and连接，构成完全否定；而在肯定句中，without之后的列举成分要用or连接才能构成完全否定，故句3的答案应是and，or。
再做如下练习，你心中之谜就可以迎刃而解了。
（2）either…or, neither…nor, not …nor的用法
①可以连接两个的词
either…or, neither…nor, not …nor等连接主语时，谓语动词也依据就近原则。
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。
Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。
Either the coach or the players are responsible for the defeat.不是教练就是运动员对这次失败负有责任。
He does not ride, nor shoot, no

r fish .他既不爱好骑马，也不爱好射击、钓鱼。
②连接两个句子，当neither, nor放句首时，该句倒装。
Either we go now or we remain here forever.要么我们现在走，要么我们永远在这呆下去。
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.理论没有实践不行, 实践没有理论也不行。
Mrs. Smith doesn't smoke, neither/nor does her husband.史密斯夫人不抽烟，她丈夫也不。
4、表示因果关系的并列连词
这类连词常见的有so(因此)，for(因为)，therefore(因此)等。并列连词for表示原因，用以附加说明。这个词引导的分句必须放在第一个分句之后。
（1）for的用法
for可以表示原因，但引起的不是从句，而是分句，对前面的情况加以解释，有逗号把它和前面的分句分开，在书面语中用的较多。
I apologized to her , for I had wronged her.我向她道歉了，因为我错怪了她。
The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before.商店相当新，因为它一星期前才开业。
He felt no fear, for he was very brave.他很勇敢, 毫不畏惧。
比较：for 和 because 在表示“原因”的时候意思基本相同, 一般可以互相代用。for可以表示原因又可以用于提出说明, 语气比because轻得多。Because引导的从句一般放在主句后, 有时也可放在主句前, 而for引导的句子只能放在后面。另外在回答Why的问句时, 只能用because不能用for。再者, for不能跟not...but这一结构连用。
I did it not because I liked it but because I had to do it. (正)我做这件事，不是因为我喜欢，而是因为我不得不这样做。
I did it not for I liked it but for I had to do it. (误)
（2）so的用法
so 表示结果，意为“因此，所以，于是”。
These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough. 这些建筑物已有50多年的寿命，因此不够坚固。
It was late, so we went home.天晚了, 所以我们就回家去了。
He was sick, so they were quiet.他病了, 所以他们 很安静。
（3）therefore的用法
therefore意为“因此, 所以”，语气比较文气，多放在分句或句子的前面。
It was rather late, so we decided to go home.天相当晚了，因此我们决定回家。
Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths,therefore it is our duty to master it.治疗中采用先进的技术就意味着减少痛苦与死亡，因此掌握先进的技术是我们的职责。
He broke the law ,therefore he was put into prison.他违犯了法律，因此被投入监狱。