新编剑桥商务英语高级第三版 第11.2+11.3

11.2 Effective writing

Writing

Learning Tip

For written business communication to be effective there are three important things to remember:

.be organised

.be to the point

.be appropriate

Written business communication

1 Read the Learning Tip then look at these three short extracts.Each one succeeds in two of the important ways to be effective but failsin the other. Identify the weakness of each one.

A

Dear Mr Song

I’m writing this for Professor Olsen,who’s away on sabbatical at the moment.He’s asked me to thank you for your offer of an honorary dotorate at Seoul University.He says that he is sorry but he’ll have to say no this time because his diary is so full of other commitments.

Please don’t takethis the wrong way.It’s not a reflection on what he thinks of your university.It is just that---

B

. THe purpose of this report is to set out the finding of finance committee into potential overseas investments and make recommendations accordingly.

. THe investments we recommend most strongly are in the mining industry in the fast-growing economy of Namibia.The reason foe this is that the government of Namblia has recognised the opportunities for development and invested large sums in the country’s infrastructure.The scope of our research was worldwide,although we tended to look more closely at emerging countries and markets,since our brief was to look for industries with a high and fast return.The only dyawbacks of this potential investment are uncertainties inherent in the industry itself---

C

In response to a request from the managing director to find ways of improving communications without the organization,we have prepared the following proposal..

Our first meeting with the managing director was in Jone.During this meeting,we were asked to analyse the current situationg,in which communications were not working as effectively as they should,and to present ideas for a better exchange of information between departments and individuals.Since not all members of the project team could be present.

Our analysis involed evaluating the current situation:monitoring the work of several closely-linked departments and seeing how they communicated with each

other---

2 Work in groups of three.Each choose one of the passagesto rewrite,correcting its weakness.

3 Exchange your rewriten passages and compare.

WRITING

A delicate letter

4 Answer the questions below,using this table as a guide.

Effective writing

How to be organised Plan your writing,dividing it into clear

sections/paragraphs and considering what

emphasis to give to each part.

How to be to point Think of the most economical way to say

what you want and then put it into an

appropriate form.

How to be appropriate Consider your relationship to the

reader(formal of informal).Always be

polite.Only make claims you can support

with examples.

5 Write a brief plan for the following letter.

You have been employing a consultant to help you improve your Marketing.She has been working with you for two months but up to now had told you nothing that you did not know already.You have decided to terminate the contract with her(she will be paid for the work done so far).Write to her to explain.

6 Write as simply and directly as possible the reason for terminating her contract.Then put this statement into more diplomatic language.

7 Look at the following beginning to the letter and put it into a more appropriate style. Dear Madam,

It is two months since you were first commissioned to provide us with marketing assiatance.

Reaad the following claim and give an example to support it.

The advice you gave us in your first report was straight froma marketing textbook.

8 Plan and write the letter for the following situation.

You work as sales manager for a company which makes labels and signs.Two months ago you agreed a lucrative contract with a garden centre to make After delivering the first batch of 20,000labels,you received a complaint that thk on the labels was t waterproof.The customer now wants to cancel the contract and to be refunded for the labels already paid for.

You would like to sescue the contract and to limit the loss on the 20,000labels which you have already supplied.

11.3 Speaking Test: Part two

EXAM FORMAT

Part two of the Speaking Text consists of a one-minute presentation by each candiate followed by a discussion.It last about six minutes in total.The presentations are based on a choice of three topics given to you by the examiner,each requiring a different level of business knowledge or experience-from general to experienced.You have one minute yo make notes and prepare your presentation.This part of the exam tests your ability yo organise your ideas anf present them as if in a business meeting. APPROACH

EXAM SUCCESS

Aminute is only long enough to make two or three key points,so don’t worry about not having much yo say.

Follow these steps.

.Read the three topics carefully anf quickly decied the one ou would like to talk about. .Note down two or three key arguments(you will not have time to develop more than this).

.Give your presentation a clear introduction and ending.Paragrase the question on your prompt card to introduce the subject(see below).

. At the end invite your partner to comment on what you have said.

. Listen carefully to your partner’s presentation and be ready to comment on it.

KEY SKILL

Organising your thoughts

1 Look at the topic and the example notes below.

Relocating your company offices:the impotant factors to consider.

Key points:

.business reasons:how will it improve the business?

.the costs invoved

.what impact will it on employees?

2 Now do the same for the following topics,making brief notes on each one.

1 International communication:the importance in business of learning at least a few words of another language.

2 Effective presentations:how too involve your audiance when giving a presentation.

3 Leadership:why good communication skills are an essential quality for a business leader.

3 Compare notes with your partner.

EXAM PRACTICE

4 Choose one of thee topics below and speak about it for a minute.Look at the useful phrases thathelp your to organise your presentation.

Customer relation:the importance of listening carefully to what customers are saying. Communication skills:giving the right impression at a job interview.

Giving a mini-presentation

So why should we---

I think there are three important points here.

Firstly,---Secondly,---,And finally,---

I’d like to say a few words about---

Of course,it’s important to---

But on the other hand,---

There is also the question of---

I think I’ve covered the main points---

Those are my views on it---

What do you think---?

Do you agree---?

Yes.There’s just one points I’d like to add---

I agree with you.I think---

I;d just like to pick up on one thing you said.

I’m not sure I understood what you said about---

5 Follow up by asking each other the following examiner’s questions.

Customer relations

1 A lot of companies say ther listen to their customers.Do you think they really do?

2 Which companies in your experience practise good customer relations ?

3 Do you think technology has helped customer relations or not?

Communication skills

1 Were you ever prepared at school or college for job interview?Do you think such preparetion would help?

2 Apart from an interview what other techniques are used to evaluate job candiates?Do they think?

高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案

高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案 Unit1Paraphrase: 1.We’re23feet above sea level. 2.The house has been here since1915,andno hurricane has ever caused any damag e to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator and put it out.It stopped producing electricity,so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the car(the battery for the starter)had been put out by w ater. 7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee i nland. 8.Oh God,please help us to get through this storm safely 9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew di mmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricanerather late. 1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。（check out） Each and every airplane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。（waste incineration plant,concerned about） The residents were firmly against the construction of a waste incineration plant in th eir neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the air pollution emitt ed by the plant. 3.在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿。（mount to） In this area,investment in ecological projects mounted up to billions of yuan. 4.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。（strewn with） The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes. 5.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。（perish）Although war caused great losses to this country,its local cultural traditi ons did not perish. 6.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的、具有民族特色的建筑都被拆毁了。（demolish） To make space for modern high rises,a lot of ancient buildings with ethnic cultural fe atures had to be demolished. 7.在地震中多数质量差的房子的主体结构都散架了。（disintegrate） The main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated in the earthqua ke. 8.他为实现自己的目标付出了最大的努力，但最后美好的梦想还是化为了泡影。

高级英语第三版第一册课后答案

高英课内考点：第一课：Paraphrase 1、we’re elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2、The place has been here since 1915,and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915,and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3、We can batten down and ride it out. We can make the necessary preparation and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4、The generator was doused,and the lights went out. Water got into the generator,it stopped working.As a result all lights were put out. 5、Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars! 6、The electrical systems had been killed by water.

The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7、John watched the water lap at the steps,and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland. 8、Get us through this mess,will You? Oh,God,please help us to get through this dangerous situation. 9、She carried on alone for a few bars;then her voice trailed away. She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10、Janis had just one delayed reaction. Janis didn’t show any fear on the spot during the storm,but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly. 英译汉： 1、But,like thousands of others in the coastal communities,John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family----his wife,Janis,and their seven children,aged 3 to 11---was clearly endangered.

高级英语第三版课后答案整理

Lesson 1 Question: 1. Why did John Koshak decide to stay although he knew the hurricane would be bad? For the following reasons: For one thing, the house was 23 feet above sea level; for another,he was unwilling to abandon his home. 2. How did the man prepare for the hurricane? Why was a generator necessary? They filled bathtubs and pails. Besides, they checked out batteries for portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. A generator was necessary because John's father wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator. 3. What made it impossible for the Koshak to escape? It was impossible for the Koshers to escape both by car and on foot. The car's electrical system had been killed by water. Meanwhile, the water became too deep for them to escape on foot. 4. Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? Because he blamed himself for underestimating the power of the hurricane and then endangering the whole family by his wrong decision not to flee safer inland. 5. Why did Grandma Koshak ask children to be sing? A: Because she knew how frightened the children were and wanted to boost their spirit. 6. What was a hurricane party? What happened to the party gores? A hurricane party was the one that was held by several vacationers to enjoy the spectacle of the hurricane with a clear and broad view in the fancy Richelieu Apartments from where they believed they would be safe. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart by the hurricane and 26 people perished. 7. What did Grandma Koshak mean when she said," We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important?" She meant that human lives are more important than material possessions. 8. How did the community of Gulfport act after Hurricane Camille was over? They managed to make their lives return to normal and began rebuilding their community without any delay. Paraphrase: 1. We're elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915 and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. We can prepare ourselves for the hurricane and manage to survive it without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator, and it didn't work. As a result, the lights were put out. 5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody go out though the back door and get into the cars. 6. The electrical system had been killed by water. The electrical system in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. When John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he b

(完整版)高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-4单元课后题及答案

Lesson One 1. And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2. Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5. ....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8. English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. Translation

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高级英语第1册修辞练习第3版 Point the rhetorical devices used in the following sentences Lesson 1 1.We can batten down and ride it out. (Metaphor ) 2.Wind and rain now whipped the house. ( Metaphor ) 3.Stay away from the windows. (Elliptical sentence ) 4.--- the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. ( Simile) 5.At 8:30, power failed. (Metaphor ) 6.Everybody out the back door to the cars. (Elliptical sentence ) 7.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ( Simile ) 8…the electrical systems had been killed by water.( metaphor ) 9.Everybody on the stairs. ( elliptical sentence) 10.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. ( simile ) 11. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet though the air. ( personification ) 12…it seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ( personification ) 13.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.( simile ) 14.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. ( Transferred epithet ) 15. Up the stairs --- into our bedroom. ( Elliptical sentence ) 16.The world seemed to be breaking apart. ( Simile ) 17. Water inched its way up the steps as first floor outside walls collapsed. (Metaphor ) 18.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees.. (Metaphor ) 19…and blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the road.( simile ) 20…household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (metaphor ) 21.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropped more than 28 inches of rain into West.( metaphor ) Lesson2 1 Hiroshima—the”Liveliest”City in Japan.—irovy 2 That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster’s uniform shouted,as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station.—alliteration 3 And secondly.because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.—metaphor 4 Was I not at the scene of crime?—rhetorical question 5 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.—synecdoche,metonymy

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版重排版)学习指南-Lesson 9 “A More Perfect

Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅰ) 一、词汇短语 1. improbable adj. not likely to be true or to happen不可能的 2. persecution n. the state of treating someone cruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of their religious or political beliefs 迫害 3. stalemate n. a situation in which it seems impossible to settle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get an advantage 僵局，僵持 4. embed v. to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object 使插入，使嵌入 5. parchment n. a substance made from animal skin, used in the past for writing on; a document, manuscript, or diploma on parchment （用于书写正式文件的）仿羊皮纸；毕业文凭 6. obligation n. the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.义务，职责， 债务 7. unyielding adj. if a person is unyielding, they are not easily influenced and they are unlikely to change their mind坚强的，不屈的， 执着的

高级英语-1-答案-(外研社;第三版;张汉熙主编)

第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille Translation (C-E) 1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。 2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant’s emissions polluting the air.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。 3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan. 在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿元。 4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。 5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。 6. To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的，具有民族特色的建筑物都被拆毁了。 7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the

高级英语(1)第三版 Lesson 6 Mark Twain Paraphrase&Translation 答案

1) Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure 2) The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied-- a cosmos. 3) All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic 4) Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. 5) He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada's Washoe region. 6) Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. 7) "It was a splendid population – for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home... 8) 'Well, that is California all over’'" 9) "What a robust people, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only lay ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges." 10) The last of his own illusions seemed to have crumbled near the end. 参考答案 1) Mark Twain is known to most Americans as the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel Huckleberry Finn, which are generally acknowledged to be his greatest works. Huck Finn is noted for his simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal and Tom Sawyer is famous for his free roam of the country and his adventure in one summer which seems never to end. The youth and summer are eternal because this is the only age and time we knew them. They are frozen in that age or season for all readers. 2) In his new profession he could meet people of all kinds. His work on the boat made it possible for him to meet a large variety of people. It is a world of all types of characters. 3) All would reappear in his books, written in the colorful language that he seemed to be able to remember and record as accurately as a phonograph. 4) Steamboat decks were filled with people of pioneering spirit (people who explored and prepared the way for others) and also lawless people or social outcasts such as hustlers, gamblers and thugs. 5) He took a horse-drawn public vehicle and went west to Nevada, following the flow of people in the Gold Rush. 6) Mark Twain began working hard to became well known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist. 7) Those who came pioneering out west were energetic, courageous and reckless people, because those who stayed at home were slow, dull and lazy people. 8) That's typical of California. 9) If we relaxed, rested or stayed away from all this crazy struggle for success occasionally and kept the daring and enterprising spirit, we would be able to remain strong and healthy and continue to produce great thinkers. 10) At the end of his life, he lost the last bit of his positive view of man and the world.

高级英语第三版第一册 paraphrase 和translation

Words and expressions(P16) 1.Main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, electricity, gas, etc. 2.Sit out: to stay until the end of… 3.Report: a loud, resounding noise, especially one made by an explosion or shot 4.Douse: to put out (a fire, light, generator, etc.) quickly by pouring water on it 5.Kill: (AmE) to cause (an engine, a car, etc.) to stop 6.Litter: the young animals borne at one time by a dog, cat, or other animals 7.Swath: a broad strip, originally the area covered with one cut of a scythe or other mowing device 8.Bar: a measure in music; a group of notes between two vertical lines on a music sheet 9.Lean-to: a shed or other small building which is attached to one wall of a larger building, and which usually has a slopping roof. 10.Break up: be brought to an end; to disperse 11.Pitch in: to join in and help with an activity 12.The blues: depressed and sad feelings Paraphrase(P15) 1.We’re 23 feet above sea level. 2.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars. 6.The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water. 7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8.Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely. 9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricane rather late. Translation(P17) A. 1. Each and every airplane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2. The residents were firmly against the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the air pollution emitted by the plant. 3. In this area, investment in ecological projects mounted up billions of yuan. 4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes. 5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its local cultural traditions did not perish. 6. To make space for modern high rises, a lot of ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features

高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案

---- 高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案 Unit1Paraphrase: 1.We' re 23 feet above sea level. 2.The house has been here since 1915, andno hurricane has ever caused any damag e to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the car (the battery for the starter) had been put out by w ater. 7.As John watched the water inch its way up the

steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee i nland. 8.Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely 9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew di mmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricanerather late. 1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。（check out）Each and every airplane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。（waste incineration plant, concerned about ）The residents were firmly against the construction of a waste incineration plant in pollution air about the because they were deeply concerned neighborhood th eir emitt ed by the plant.）（在这个地区，生态工程