译林版高二英语选修8学案 Unit1：导学案(Grammar)新

英语译林牛津版选修8Unit1：导学案（Grammar）

M8U1 The written word Period4,5 ( Grammar )导学案

Learning aims(学习目标)：Enable the Ss to grasp the negative statements

Important points(学习重点): How to use correctly the negative statements

Difficult points（学习难点）:. The function and formation of the negative statements

Learning guides（方法导引）: Inductive and deductive methods, task-based learning and

cooperative learning

Grammar and usages ：the negative statements

StepI. Common usages

1. be/ 情态动词/助动词+ not

2. 常见的表示全部否定的词no, not,none neve r, neither, nobody, nothing…

a) No s moking is allowed here.

b) Neither of the two girls study/studies well.

c) None of my friends smoke(s).

d) I will never make that mistake again.

3. 部分否定；

all, both, every, many, always, often等与not连用时,表部分否定,意思为:并非都。

a) All i s no t gold that glitters．

＝Not all is gold that glitters.闪光的并非都是金子.

b) Both of them are not useful.

＝Not both of them are useful．

c) Such a thing is not found everywhere．

The rich are not always happy.

4. 双重否定

同一个句子当中有两个否定词，表示的意思是肯定的，但比肯定句的语气要重。

a) There is no sweet without sweat.

b) No gain without pains. 不劳则无获.

c) You can’t make something out of nothing. 巧妇难为无米之炊.

5. 几乎否定

表示整个句子的意思接近于否定。常用的有little (few), hardly, rarely, seldom 等

a) We seldom/hardly hear such fine singing.

b) Little remains to be said. 简直没什么可说的了.

6. 将否定词和whether/if连用,来表达对于某种情况的疑虑, 常用于口语中.

I wonder whether/if …一般用于表达个人的决定

StepII The special usages of negative statements.

1. 否定转移

将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中

a) I don‘t think I know you.我想我并不认识你。

b) I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

★★I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

判断下列句子是否属于否定转移：

a) I don't think it will rain tomorrow. ( )

b) We don't think you are right. ( )

c) He doesn't think you are coming. ( )

d) You don't think I will go with her. ( )

e) I didn't think it was suitable. ( )

△I don't believe that she has done so much in a week ,_______?

A．do I B．don't I C．has she D．hasn't she

2. 否定句的倒装: 表否定意义的词或短语放在句首，要用部分倒装如：not, never, seldom,

hardly, in no way/ by no means(绝不), at no time, 等。

a) By no means will china first use nuclear weapons.

b) Not often do they meet他们不常见面.

3. 形式肯定，意义否定形式肯定，意义否定

a) too…to 结构

b) 用more than 帮助构成否定

This is more than I can tell. 无法;难以这件事是我不能讲的.

The beauty of the park is more than words can describe

c) 用the last/least “最不…”构成否定句

He is the last man I want to see.

4. 形式否定，意义肯定

★★can not ……too… 再…也不为过;越….越好

The students cannot be _____ careful in performing the experiment as it is such a critical link in the whole project.

A.very

B. too

C. quite

D. so

5. 隐性否定是一种有意无形的含蓄否定,常用含否定词的单词,词组,句型等来表示否定意义.这种否定意义用法隐藏在句子的深层含义中.

含有否定意义的词汇与结构如下

1) 动词及短语动词：

fail (+to do.), miss, ignore, prevent/keep/ protect ..．from,resist等

2) 名词:absence, failure, refusal,shortage,ignorance等

3) 形容词: few, little, free (from), far from, absent from等

4) 副词: hardly, seldom,等

5) 介词：above, beneath, below, out (of) , beyond ,against等

6) 连词：unless, before, or ,等

7) 结构:

too…to 太…(以致于)不

rather…than “宁愿…而不”等

a) Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life.

b) The classis are far from disappearing.

c) Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say

d) The fortune sets him free from financial worries.

e) Joe would rather die than see any harm come to pip.

StepIII.Practice

1. I don't believe it. I think he is ______ such a thing.

A the only person to do

B the first person to do

C the last person to do

D the very person to do

2.They have a good knowledge of English but little ___they know about German.

A. have

B. did

C. had

D. do

3. We should ______ look down upon the people who are inferior to us.

A.by no means

B. by any means

C. at all

D. in any way

4. The students are ______ with these two famous scientists in the lab.

A.too pleased to work

B. too pleased that they cannot work

C.only too pleased to work

D. so pleased that they cannot work

5. Never before ___ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.

A.has this city been

B. this city has been

C. was this city

D. this city was

6. It won’t be long ________ imperialism comes to its end.

A . when B. after C. until D. before

7.The students cannot be ______ careful in performing the experiment as it is such a critical

link in the whole project.

A. very

B.too

C.quite

D.so

8.I agreed with most of what he said, but not _____.

A. anything

B. everything

C. something

D. nothing

9.You may drop in or just give me a call. _____will do.

A.Either

B. Each

C. Neither

D. All

10. I had __ closed my eyes when I remembere d I hadn’t done my maths homework.

A. Certainly

B. merely

C.hardly

D. nearly

11.Bob ran 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen __ this year.

A.the best

B. better

C. the most

D. more

12.--What he said sounds reasonable.

--Of course, ____.

A.I can’t agree with him most

B. I can’t agree with him more

C. I can’t agree with him less

D. I can’t agree with him least

13.– Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?

--Thank you. _____

A.It couldn’t be better

B. Of course you can

C. If you like

D. It’s up to you

14. --Which driver was to blame?

--why,___! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out

between two parked cars.

A. both

B. each

C. either

D. neither

15. I’ve tried very hard to improve my Eng lish. But by no means ___________ with my

progress.(2006重庆)

A. the teacher is not satisfied

B. is the teacher not satisfied

C. the teacher is satisfied

D. is the teacher satisfied

16. ----Go for a picnic this weekend ,OK?

----____ .I love getting close to nature.

A．I couldn’t agree more B．I’m afraid not

C．I believe not D．I don’t think so

17. It was back home after the experiment .

A．not until midnight did he go B．until midnight that he didn’t go

C．not until midnight that he went D．until midnight when he didn’t go

18 My friend, who ______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006 浙江)

A. served

B. is serving

C. had served

D. has served

19. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _____. (2004 浙江)

A. act

B. help

C. serve

D. last

20.Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their , some people drink alcohol. (2003上海) A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures

21.Her brother to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order. (2001上

海)

A. declared

B. threatened

C. warned

D. exclaimed

22.But for the help of my English teacher,I____the first prize in the English Writing Competition.(2009.福建)

A.would not win

B.would not have won

C.would win

D.would have won.

23.Everybody was touched ______ words after they heard her moving story.

A. beyond

B.without

C.of D in

24.I can ______ be a teacher .I’m not a very patient person.(2009湖南)

A.seldom

B.ever

C.never

D.always

25.Why not get some work experience first ______ go straight on to university?

A.or rather

B.other than

C.more than

D.rather than

【阅读】人物故事类

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

In Western culture, 21 was the age at which young people traditionally received a key to their parents’ door, as a symbol of entering adulthood. Now, the age of 21 is a time when people ask themselves: where do I go from here?

Jiang Fangzhou’s 21 years have been filled with the kind of success most young people wouldn’t dare hope for in a lifetime. She published her first book at the age of nine and has written many more since then. She is regarded as a spokesperson for her generation. However, her hopes and concerns for the future appear decidedly normal.

She explains that while her fellow students are chiefly concerned with getting a job or buying an apartment, shefrets over how she can excel in her work when having limited experience of the world.

However, Jiang, now a senior at the School of Journalism and Communication of Tsinghua University, notes that her peers face intense pressure and competition at school. They are expected to excel in their field of study despite limited experience, just as Jiang is expected to shine in the literary world.

Young people, she says, have been forced to open their eyes to the world around them. Jiang’s

world has opened up, too. She’s more at ease with herself at 21, compared with when she began college.

“My horizon has broadened and I’m more tolerant,” she says. “As a freshm an, I was desperate. I stopped people around me and asked: ‘Is there anything in the world still worth hoping for? ‘ But now I don’t do that.”

Jiang says that she may not pursue writing as her main future career because she wants to

try“other lifestyles”—overseas travel and study touring sound particularly inviting to her. But she is concerned that many foreigners have skewed (歪曲的,倾斜的) perceptions about China.

“A few days ago I overheard a conversation between two foreigners sitting next to me on a flight,”says Jiang. “They were having a heated discussion about the number of beggars in China. And how Chinese always go for ‘petty profits’. In fact, they had been in China for only a week.”

Jiang believes prejudice is unavoidable, but she also maintains that Chinese and Westerners, for example, share much common ground.

“We share the same principles, such as honesty and a willingness to help others,” says Jiang. “The differences between peoples are not that huge.”

1. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. Jiang Fangzhou’s novels.

B. Embracing new challenges.

C. Jiang Fangzhou’s university life.

D. Jiang Fangzhou’s success.

2. What does the underlined phrase mean?

A. be patient with

B. be worried about

C. be content with

D. be indifferent about

3. Which of the following sentences is true?

A. Jiang doesn’t have any pressure and competition as the others do.

B. Jiang’s peers face intense pressure and competition at school.

C. Jiang wants to be a professional writer in future.

D. Jiang often asks her friends some questions now.

4. We can infer from the text that_____.

A. there is nothing but prejudice between Chinese and Westerners

B. Jiang accepts the fact that there are huge differences between peoples

C. one week is enough to know about a true China.

D. Jiang disagrees with what the two foreigners said about Chinese

【参考答案】1—4、BBBD

任务型阅读。请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格处填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Homework is a great way for kids to develop independent, lifelong learning skills ,so here are some general homework tips for parents:

●Make sure your child has a quiet, well-lit place to do homework.

Avoid having your child do homework with the television on or in places with other distractions, such as people coming and going.

●Make sure the m aterials your child needs, such as some paper, pencils and a dictionary, are available.

Ask your child if special materials will be needed for some projects and get them in advance.

●Help your children with time management.

Establish a set ti me each day f or doing homework. Don’t let your child leave homework until just before bedtime. Think about using a weekend morning or afternoon for working on big projects, especially if the project involves getting together with classmates.

●Be positive about homework.

Tell your child how important school is. The attitude you express about homework will be the attitude your child acquires.

●When your child asks for help, provide guidance, not answers.

Giving answers means your child will not learn the material. Too much help teaches your child that when the going gets rough, someone will do the work for him or her.

Cooperate with the teacher. It shows your child that the school and home are a team. Follow the directions given by the teacher.

●Reward progress in homework.

If your child has been successful in homework completion and is working hard, celebrate that success with a special event (eg.pizza, a walk, a trip to the park) to reinforce the positive effort. Title: 1.___________ for parents on their children’s homework

Succe

【参考答案】任务型阅读

1. Tips

2. Places

3. Without

4. available

5. time

6. Weekday

7. Importance

8. Expressed 9. Help 10. Rewards

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