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崇文二模试题

崇文区2006-2007学年度第二学期初三统一练习(二)

物理试卷2007.6 一.下列各小题均有四个选项,其中只有一个符合题意。(共30分,每小题2分)

1.名字被用作为“电功”单位的著名物理学家是

A.焦耳B.欧姆C.安培D.瓦特

2.图1中,属于内能转化为机械能的是

A.来回拉动绳子

B.水沸腾时蒸汽

C.锯木头锯子发烫

D. 两手相互

铜管内的水变热冲开壶盖摩擦能发热

图1

3.“金星凌日”是一种罕见的天文现象,当金星从地球与太阳之间经过时,人们会观察到一个小黑点在太阳表面缓缓移动,形成这种现象的原因是

A.光的直线传播B.光的反射C.光的折射D.平面镜成像

4.把手机悬挂在玻璃密封罩中,抽去罩内的空气,再用另一手机拨打罩内的手机号码,结果发现罩内手机彩灯闪烁,却听不到手机的铃声,这是因为

A.手机的发声装置在真空中不能振动B.玻璃密封罩能阻隔铃声传出

C.手机周围没有可以传声的介质D.电磁波不能进入玻璃密封罩中5.下列叙述中正确的是

A.雾是地面上的冰晶吸热升华而形成的B.露是空气中水蒸气放热液化而形成的C.霜是草叶上的水滴放热凝固而形成的D.雪是空中降落的雨放热汽化而形成的6.一束光线由空气斜射入水中,入射角逐渐变小,则折射角

A.逐渐变大B.保持不变

C.逐渐变小,总小于入射角D.逐渐变小,可能大于入射角

7.关于磁场和磁感线,下列说法中正确的是

A.小磁针受力的方向是磁场的方向B.磁感线是用来描述磁场的假象曲线

C.地理的北极就是地磁场的北极D.法拉第首先发现电流周围存在磁场8.小明按照物质的导电性能把橡皮、玻璃球、人体、盐水、纯水、铅笔芯分成两类,下表中正确的一组是

9.如图2所示, A 、B 两个大小不等的实心球静止在水中,则 A .两球受到的浮力一定相等

B .两球受到的浮力不等,A 球受到的浮力大

C .两球的密度不等,B 球的密度大

D .B 球的重力一定大于A 球 图2 10.为节约能源,需提高热机的效率,下列措施中不.能.

提高效率的是 A.尽量增加热机的工作时间 B.尽量使燃料充分燃烧 C.尽量减少废气带走的热量 D.尽量减少热机部件间的摩擦

11. 木块在水平桌面上做匀速直线运动时,受到的水平拉力为0.4N 。若水平拉力增大为

0.6N ,此时木块受到的摩擦力与合力的大小分别为 A .0.4 0.4N

B .0.6 0.6N

C .0.6 0N

D .0.4 0.2N

12. 小明按如图3甲所示将两只相同的灯泡L 1、L 2接入电路,当开关闭合后,电压表V 1和V 2的指针位置完全一样,如图3乙所示,则

A. V 1和V 2所选量程不相同,L2断路 B. V 1和V 2所选量程不相同,L2短路 C. V 1和V 2所选量程相同,L1断路 D. V 1和V 2所选量程相同,L1短路

13.甲、乙两个正立方体都放在水平桌面上,它们对桌面的压强相等,甲、乙的密度之比为

3∶2,则它们的质量之比为

A.3∶2 B.2∶3 C.4∶9 D.9∶4 14.如图4所示,O 为杠杆的支点,在杠杆的右端B 点挂一重物。MN 是以A 为圆心的弧形导轨,绳的一端系在杠杆的A 点,另一端E 可以在弧形导轨上自由滑动。当绳的E 端从导轨的一端N 点向另一端M 点滑动的过程中,杠杆始终水平,绳AE 对杠杆拉力的变化情况是

A.先变大,后变小 B.先变小,后变大 C.一直变小 D.一直变大

15.如图5所示是有加热和保温两种工作状态的电饭锅电路原

理示意图, S 是热敏开关,则

图3

图4

A.其中R1是供加热用的电热丝B.开关S断开时为加热状态

C.要使R2在保温时的功率为加热时的一半,R1、R2的比值为1:(2-1)

D.要使R2在保温时的功率为加热时的一半,R1、R2的比值为(2-1): 1 二、下列各小题均有四个选项,其中至少有两个符合题意。(共6分,每小题3分。错选、

多选不得分,选不全的得2分)

16.如图6所示汽车在水平的路面上做匀速直线运动,这时

A.汽车向前的惯性等于它受到的阻力

B.汽车受到的重力和路面对汽车的支持力是一对平衡力

C.汽车的牵引力等于它所受的阻力大小相等

D.汽车所受的重力不做功图6

17.如图7所示,玻璃试管固定在绝缘桌面上,a、b两个物块可在管内

无摩擦滑动,此时两物块均处于平衡状态,下列推断正确的是

A.如果物块是带电体,则两物块带同种电荷

B.如果物块是带电体,则两物块带异种电荷

C.如果物块是磁体,则a、b的下端是异名磁极

D.如果物块是磁体,则a、b的下端是同名磁极

以下草稿纸

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共60分)

三、填空题(共14分,每空2分)

18. 光在真空中的速度是 m/s。

19.固体和液体能保持一定的体积,这是由于分子之间存在相互作用的。

20.一艘潜艇在水面下航行,由内陆河驶入深海执行任务。若它悬浮在河面下所受的浮力为

F1,悬浮在海面下所受浮力为F2,则F1F2(填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)。

21.一正方体金属块,其质量为21.6g,实物与图8等大。组成该金属块的物质是。

图8

22.有两个电阻,R1标有“100Ω4W”字样,R2标有“400Ω4W”字样,现在把它们串

联起来使用,则串联电阻两端允许加的最大电压为 V。

23.小明站在水平潮湿的泥地上留下一对清晰的脚印。脚印的总面积为0.04m2,深度为1.8cm。他把一只底面积为100cm2、重为100N砂袋放在同样的地面上,恰能下压相同的深度。小明的质量是 kg。(取g=10N/kg)

24.如图9电路中,电源两端电压保持不变,a,b是滑动变阻器

的两个端点,R2=20Ω,灯L标有“9V 8.1w”字样。

当S1断开,S2闭合,变阻器滑片P滑至a端时,电流表的示数为0.6

A;当S1、S2都闭合,滑片P滑至b端时,电流表的示数为0.45A,

则当S1、S2都断开,滑片P在a、b间滑动时,电路图9

中消耗的最大功率和最小功率之比为。

四、实验探究题(共34分)

25.(1) 图10所示电流表的示数为A。

(2) 在如11图所示的滑轮组上绕线,使匀速提升重物G时最省力。

图10 图11

(3) 如图12所示,一条入射光线从空气斜射向鱼缸中的水面,折射光线进入鱼眼(已画出)。请画出入射光线的大致方向。

(4)工地上建筑工人常用如图13所示的小车运送建材,画出小车所受重力的示意图

及其对支点O的力臂。

图12 图13

26.如图14所示,小文测量植物油密度时,首先将天平放在水平桌面上,并将游码放在零

刻线处,他发现指针偏向分度盘中线左侧,向(左、右)侧调节平衡螺母,待指

针指在分度盘中线上开始进行称量。

操作顺序:①用天平测出空烧杯的质量m1;②向烧杯中倒入适量植物油,测出烧杯与植物油的总质量m2;③将烧杯中植物油倒入量筒中,测出植物油的体积V;④计算出植物油的密度ρ。

(I)下表是小文根据上述实验操作,设计的记录数据表格。请根据图14将表格中的数

据填写完整。

(2)小文发现按上述实验操作得到的密度值总是比真实值偏大。请你利用上述器材设计能使误差更小的实验方案,写出需测量的物理量及计算密度的表达式。

(3)这架天平横梁标尺上的最大刻度值为a(g),测得天平横梁标尺上从0到a刻度线之间的距离为b(cm),天平左、右两臂的长均为c(cm),由以上数据估算该游码的质量为

_________(g)。

27.小亮用图15装置做“观察水的沸腾”实验,他观察到水沸腾时继续加热温度计

的示数 (升高、降低、不变)。如果想要节约一些酒精灯的

燃料,并缩短实验时间,可行的一种方法是。

当烧瓶内的水沸腾后把酒精灯移开,水将不再沸腾。请你写出两种不再继续

继续热,而使瓶内的水再次沸腾起来的方法。

①;

图15 ②。

28.如图16是小明研究“影响电磁铁磁性强弱因素”的装置图。它由电源、滑动变阻器、开关、带铁芯的螺线管和电流表组成。通过观察电流表指针偏转角度的大小来判断电磁铁磁性的强弱。在弹簧上方固定物体A ,当用导线c 与a 相连,闭合开关后,电流表指针发生偏转。

图16

⑴ 弹簧上方的物体A 应由 制成。(选填:铜 、 铁 、 铝 、 塑料) ⑵ 当开关闭合后,电磁铁上端应为磁极的 极。

⑶ 当滑动变阻器R 0的滑片向 滑动时(填“左” 或“右”),电流表指针偏转的角度将会变大。

⑷ 保持滑动变阻器R 0的滑片位置不变,当导线c 由a 改为与b 相连,闭合开关后,可发现电流表指针偏转的角度将会 (填“变大”或“变小”);

⑸ 经过对电磁铁的研究,可得出结论:当线圈匝数一定时,通过电磁铁的电流越大,电磁铁磁性 ;当通过电磁铁的电流一定时,电磁铁线圈的匝数越 ,磁性越强。

29.图17是测定斜面机械效率的装置图。每次实验时,被拉的小车沿同一斜面匀速向上运

动。记录的数据如下表格.

(1)“较陡”时,做的有用功为_________J ;总功为_________J ;机械效率为________ _;

(2)分析表格中的实验数据,你能得到什么结论?

图17

30.小明用凸透镜甲观察远处的景物,看到了倒立(放大、缩小、等大)的实像,用凸透镜乙观察报纸上的文字看到放大的像,此时报纸距凸透镜的距离(大于、小于、等于)凸透镜的焦距。为了比较甲、乙两个凸透镜焦距的大小,小明先后用这两个凸透镜做成像实验.他使烛焰、透镜和光屏三者的中心在同一水平直线上,且使两个凸透镜与光屏间的距离均为20cm。实验时发现:烛焰经凸透镜甲折射后在光屏上所成的是一个清晰缩小的像,烛焰经凸透镜乙折射后在光屏上所成的是一个清晰放大的像.由此可以判断:凸透镜的焦距较大。

31.学习了液体压强的知识后小明和小华用加长的饮料瓶作了如图18所示的实验。在饮料瓶中灌满水,然后在瓶的侧面a、b处各扎一个小孔,观察射出水流的情况。

(1)他们发现从小孔b中射出水流的速度比小孔a中的

大,其原因是_______________________________。

(2)经过反复的试验,小明发现从小孔中射出水流的射

程s (从小孔处到落地点的水平距离OA)跟小孔在水中的

深度h和小孔到地面的高度H这两个因素有关。为了研究

水流的射程s与h、H之间的关系,他将饮料瓶放置在水

平桌面边缘,看到如图19所示的现象,由此他得出了结

论:小孔距水面的深度h越大,水流的射程s越大。

你认为根据图示的现象能否得出上述结论?请说明你

的理由。

图18

(3)小华提出在实验中测量得到相关数据后,再分析得出的结论会更科学、更严谨。下表是他们测量的数据和在经老师提示后计算出的值:

研究研究水流的射程s与小孔距水面的深度h之间的关系,应选用实验序号是

的3组数据。根据所选用的数据,可以得出结论:当小孔高度H 一定时,水流射程s 与_________成正比.

32.社区地下车库的管理人员想通过操纵值班室的开关,让司机经过入口处时看指示红、绿灯便可知车库内是否有空车位。如果红灯亮,表示无车位;绿灯亮,表示有车位。请你设计出满足上述要求的电路,并画在图19方框中。

图19

五、简答、计算题(共16分)

解题要求:(1)简答题要求写清楚依据、说明和结论。(2)计算题写出主要的依据公式或变形公式并代入数据。(3)凡有数字运算的题目,过程和结果都要写明单位。 33 . 为什么在家庭电路中不宜同时使用多个大功率用电器?

34.如图20是某品牌的电磁炉及说明书。在1标准大气压下,小明用该电磁炉将一壶2.2kg 的水从20℃ 烧至沸腾,需要多长时间?[ 假定电磁炉消耗的电能全部转化为热能被水吸收。水的比热C 水 = 4.2×103

J/(kg.℃ )]

图20

35.如图21所示,重为100N的物体B,在足够深的水中匀速下沉,通过滑轮组拉着重600N 的物体A沿水平方向匀速运动,在4s内物体A移动了0.8m,,已知ρB=5ρ水,动滑轮重12N,不计绳重及摩擦。(取g=10N/kg)

求:(1) 物体B对绳的拉力及拉力的功率。

(2) 滑轮组的机械效率。

图21

36.如图22所示,三个灯泡的铭牌分别为“1.5V 3W”、“2.5V 5W”、“3.8V 7.6W”。当只闭合开关S1,调节滑动变阻器的滑片P至a点时,滑动变阻器的电阻为R a,电压表的示数是U a;当闭合开关S2和S3,断开开关S1,调节滑动变阻器的滑片P至b点时,滑动变阻器的电阻为R b,电压表的示数是U b=6.5V;当闭合开关S2,断开开关S1和S3,调节滑动变阻器的滑片P至c点时,滑动变阻器的电阻为R c,电压表的示数是U c=5V。若电源电压两端保持不变,灯丝电阻不随温度改变,各状态下接入电路的灯泡都正常发光,且U a<U b。

的额定电压。

求:⑴灯泡L

⑵电源电压。

⑶Ra∶Rc

图22

2007年北京市崇文区中考英语二模试卷答案

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