雅思阅读 unit 3

Enhancing the Taste of Our Food

A What are your favorite foods? Do you like pizza, hamburgers, roast pork, or sweet cakes and cookies? Chances are that, whatever you like best, it has a strong taste and a salty, sweet or savory flavor. People generally like to eat tasty foods, and this can create potential health problems, especially with the consumption of fast or processed food. Fast food traditionally contain a lot of salt or sugar, because this is a cheap way to make food taste good and it encourages people to buy more cookies, chips and soft drinks, for example. However, people are becoming increasingly aware of the dangers of an unhealthy diet, and the manufacturers of processed food know that sales will increase if they can advertise that their products have less salt or sugar. They also know that if their product tastes bland or boring, no amount of health benefits will make it a popular choice with consumers, and they will lose money if their product is not popular. However, a new technology is currently being developed that may allow fast food manufacturers to reduce salt and sugar without sacrificing taste.

B If you stick out your tongue and look in the mirror, you will see that it is covered with tiny bumps. These bumps are called taste buds and they are the receptors in our skin that allow us to taste different kinds of foods. There are five different taste receptors, for sweet, salty, sour, bitter and savory flavors. When we are born we have a lot of these on the roof of our mouth as well as on our tongue, but as we get older, we lose taste buds, which is why older people find it harder to taste things. Adults typically have about 10,000 taste buds, but older people may have as few as 5,000. We have more receptors for bitter tastes than for any other; researchers think that this may be because these taste buds warn us if food is poisonous.

C.The food that we eat contains natural chemical that fit into the different shaped receptors on our tongues; for example, sweet foods trigger the sweet receptors. The technology to mimic, or copy, these natural flavours with chemicals such as aspartame had been in existence for a long time, and aspartame is a common ingredient in many diet soft drinks and other diet products. While aspartame allows us to experience a sweet taste without eating sugar, it also has disadvantages. Firstly, many people do not like its bitter aftertaste, and secondly, some people say that it is bad for health if taken in large quantities.

D However, a new technology is being developed that may be improvement on artificial sweeteners and other chemicals. Taste enhancers target the taste receptors on our tongues, and they make us more sensitive to sweet, sour or salty tastes. Just a few molecules of a taste enhancer could double the sweetness effect of a teaspoon of sugar, or the salty effect of a teaspoon of salt. This means that instead of using artificial chemical to make food tasty, food manufacturers could use half the quantity of the real substance and a tiny quantity of taste enhancer to make the food taste good. This has the potential to save food manufacturers money, by replacing large quantities of sugar and salt with tiny amounts of chemicals. It could be also benefit our health if we can eat food that tastes good and is low in sugar and salt.

E Taste enhancers have other advantages, too. People generally do not like bitter tasting food, but reversing this technology so that the bitter taste receptors are blocked instead of stimulated may reduce the bitter taste of some healthy foods. This means, for example, that people may be persuaded to eat more soy protein.

F Taste enhancer technology is very new to the marketplace, and as yet it is not widely used, but it had the potential to make a significant change to the processed food industry, and to improve the healthiness of many fast foods.

I. Match the words in the boxes with their synonyms.

1) industrially produced problems

2) has very little flavour/boring consumers

3) food with lots of flavour processed

4) cause potential

5) giving up tastes bland

6) possible create

7) the people who buy sacrificing

8) advantages consumption

9) difficulties tasty food

10) eating benefits

II. Choose the correct meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.

a.There are five different taste receptors, or taste buds, on the human tongue.

A. flowers

B. cells

C. buds

D. radios

b. The technology to mimic, or copy, these flavours has been in existence for a long time.

A. photocopy

B. make the same

C. make different

D. to be impolite

c. People generally don’t like bitter food but the bitter food but the bitter taste buds can be

blocked so that food tastes less bitter.

A. opened up

B. closed down

C. make like salt

D. make like lemon

d. Sweet and savoury taste buds can be stimulated so that food tastes even better.

A. closed down

B. dangerous

C. developed less

D. developed more

e. With this new technology, we no longer to use artificial or industrially produced chemicals to

make food tasty.

A. healthy

B. unnatural

C. natural

D. interesting

f. Bitter taste buds warn us that food is dangerous for us to eat and could be poisonous.

A. very sweet

B. makes us sick or even die

C. medicine

D. healthy

h. Taste enhancers make the sweet, salty or sour tastes even better.

A. flowers

B. flavours

C. improves

D. people who taste food for a job

i. When we eat sweet food we stimulate the sweet taste buds, in other words, sweet food triggers

the sweet receptors.

A. makes our teeth bad

B. uses a gun

C. makes them work more

D. makes them work less

III. Circle the correct letter, a-c, for each question.

1)Manufacturers know that their sales will improve:

a.if their food tastes bland or boring

b.if they tell people they have reduced the sugar and salt

c.if they tell people they have increased the sugar and salt.

2)The artificial sweetener that manufacturers add to food is:

a. a chemical

b. a diet product

c. a natural flavour

3) Instead of using artificial chemicals to make food taste better, manufacturers could:

a. add double the quantity of taste enhancer

b. add half the quantity of taste enhancer

c. add a very small quantity of taste enhancer

4) Another benefit of taste enhancers is:

a. people will enjoy bitter tasting healthy food

b. people will eat more unhealthy food

c. people will reverse their eating habits

5) Taste enhancers have the potential to:

a. make people stop eating so much processed food

b. make healthy changes to industrially produced food

c. make all the food we eat healthier and better for us

IV. Complete the sentences below. Choose No More Than Two Words from the passage for each answer.

6) When we are born we have taste buds on the roof of our ___________ and on our ________.

7) Researchers believe that one of the functions of the bitter taste buds is to tell us if food is

__________

8) A teaspoon of sugar could taste twice as sweet if a ____________ of taste enhancer is added.

9) Replacing some of the salt and sugar with small amounts of chemicals could save money for

_____________.

V. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

True if the statement agrees with the information

False if the statement contradicts the information

Not given if there is no information on this

10) ______ Consumers are happy to buy healthy food even if it tastes bland or boring.

11) ______ Taste buds enable the body to taste foods of many flavours

12) ______ Younger people can taste more flvours than older people.

13) ______ Bitter taste buds are more uncommon than other taste buds.

14) ______ Aspartame is a chemical produced in large quantities in the USA.

15) ______ Artificial sweeteners and other chemicals cause tooth decay.

16) ______ Taste enhancers may be better for our health than aspartame.

17) ______ Soy protein is an example of a bitter tasting food.

VI. Circle the letter for the correct answer.

18) The writer’s main idea is that:

a. We should not eat so much salt and sugar, especially in fast food.

b. Taste enhancers will reduce the amount of salt and sugar in our diet.

c. The fast food industry prefers to manufacture healthy foo

d.

d. It is possible that taste enhancers may improve our diet.

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15. the explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment 16. the identity of the pupils 17. the expected statistical outcome 18. the general aim of sociobiological study 19. the way Milgram persuaded the teacher-subjects to continue 两大特点： 1. 考察全篇，绝对乱序(同段落小标题，都是“全篇乱序题”) 2. 题干为细节信息，本质是结合主旨考察细节(需要跳读主旨+扫读细节) 由此可见，题干中并未出现明显定位词，且人名Milgram是实验执行者，遍布全篇，并非定位词，所以传统的关键词定位法在此无法奏效，相当于“大海捞针”。因此，我们需要采取一种“俯瞰群山”的方法，由总到分，先定段落主旨，再搜题干细节。在此提出“结构预测法”，即首先了解*整体发展顺序，预测题干关键词可能出现的位置，然后跳读主旨，扫读细节，化被动为主动。 二、雅思阅读段落信息匹配题*发展顺序

雅思阅读模拟试题精选

雅思阅读模拟试题精选

雅思阅读模拟试题精选 1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike —vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA. 2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today. 3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the

雅思阅读：例题详解--剑八T1P1为例

雅思阅读：例题详解--剑八T1P1为例下面为大家整理了雅思阅读例题详析，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。 今天详细讲解突破雅思剑8之Test1之Passage1。 翻开雅思剑桥系列，首先浏览题目，留下总体印象是：一共有三种题型，前两个题型是Matching题，而最后一个是填图题。 然后进行分析，最后的填图题型，应该可以一眼判断是小段落的信息填空，不需要畏惧，顺着文章读下去，水到自然会渠成。 而比较棘手的是前两个Matching题型，1-4题是InformationContained题，而5-8题则属于TraditionalMatching题(也就是变形的人名与理论搭配题)，二者都是乱序的。 再次确定和辨析完Matching题目的属性后，大家不禁心里多少会有些紧张吧。因为这类乱序的题目的确是比较棘手。但无论形式如何复杂，只要一步步按部就班的划出KeyWords，再回原文定位，一切题目都是可以解决的。 小贴士： 所谓划出KeyWords，就是找出雅思阅读原文中的重要信息点(通常也为考点所在)，使题干一目了然，最重要的还是确定了KeyWords之后，能够顺利地返回原文进行定位，从而顺利解题。 在此，小编就拙劣地给出一些自己的解题思路吧： 1.KWs：coldtemperature;与第4段中的freezingweather信息点相对应 2.KWs：farmingcommunities;与第2段中的agriculture信息点相对应。 小编在此还要罗嗦几句。这题，小编自己也做错了，错误地定位到了第1段中的regulateplantingandharvesting。 所以，题目在这里还有一个重要的KWs一开始容易被忽略，那就是theimportanceof，与第2段中的crucial一词相呼应。 如果两个KWs和相对应原文中的信息点都找对的话，这题就一定不会出错的~ 3.KWs：originsofthependulum;与第6段末尾处中的apendulumclockhadbeendevised 相对应。

雅思阅读填空题(让考官告诉你)

雅思阅读summary填空题是雅思阅读题中常见题型, 在阅读考试中占较大的比重. 同时也是众多考生头痛的一种题型. 因为此题型不仅考查考生快速准确理解阅读文章的主旨能力, 也考查考生对定位,同义转化以及语义间逻辑关系的灵敏度. 总的来说, 雅思阅读summary填空题主要有两种形式: 一种是单词填空式, 这种形式主要针对文章全文或者部分段落写出的一篇摘要, 空出若干空格, 要求考生从文章中寻找相应的单词进行填空; 另一种是单词选择式, 就是在第一种形式的基础上, 额外提供了一个词库, 要求考生从词库中选词填空. 下面环球雅思的老师将详细讲解如何快速而有效的解答这两种形式的summary填空题. 单词填空式 解题策略 对于单词填空式题, 一般把握三个关键信息: 逻辑关系词, 语法属性, 定位. 首先, 观察空格前后是否有语义间有逻辑关系的连接词, 即逻辑关系词推断. 这类表示空格前后内容逻辑关系的连接词主要包括:

①表示因果关系的词, 如because, as, since, for, due to, thanks to, as a result of等. 在考试中, 在因果关系中除了一些连接词的衔接外, 还有一些表示因果关系的大词, 如trigger, breed, induce, engender, generate, be responsible for, affect, determine等, 这些词在语义中隐含了因果关系. 所以也是考生在解题中值得注意的. ②表示转折关系的词, 如but, however, while, yet, instead, rather, whereas等 ③表示让步关系的词, 如despite, in spite of, although等 ④表示并列关系的词, 如and, both…and…, neither…nor等 ⑤表示举例关系的词, 如such as, for example等 观察有无这类词的目的在于为了回原文定位时, 能缩小寻找范围, 使定位更加准确. 在文章阅读中, 题目中的某些单词会进行同义转换而变得面目全非，但是句意不会变，语义关系不会变，这是最可靠的定位依据。从而逻辑关系词对于考生在解题中把握语义间的内在关系起了关键作用. 如剑桥4 Test 2 Passage 1 Lost for words 一篇中的summary 题中This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical ___Q1______. But in today’s world, factors such as government initiatives and ____Q2_____ are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their ____Q3_____.

雅思阅读教案

雅思阅读教案 paragraph headings（段落标题） 在阅读文章的前面给出 list of headings, 一般是 5 到 10 个左右选项，其中含一到两个段落及其标题的例子。要求对题目中给出的段落，根据其内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。尽管题目说明中提示一个选项可能会适用多个，但正式考试中一般一个选项只能用于一个段落。 ? 段落标题类答题步骤： 1.首先在 list of headings 中划去做为例子的 heading 或 headings ，以免在根据段落内容在 list of headings 中找出与其相匹配的段落标题时，它（它们）会干扰考试者对其他 headings 的选择。 ? 2.在文章中把做为例子的段落划掉，以免对例子段落进行不必要的精读。 3.对题目中给出的段落，按照首句（第一、二句）、末句和中间句寻找主题句的方法，在 list of headings 中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。 ? 4.如果时间允许，按照文章的段落顺序，对非题目中给出的段落及例子段落进行快速阅读，而对题目中给出并要求找出与其相匹配的段落标题的段落进行精读。找出其中心意思后，再在 list of headings 中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。 ? 5.选出几个可能匹配的题目进行比较（通常两至三个），当然其中只能有一个为正确答案。 ? 6. 对于第一种匹配题型可以将最难的题留在最后进行匹配，不要在较难的题上花费更多的时间，而应选择较易回答的题目进行匹配，最后所剩即为该难题的答案。 ? 7. 要仔细检察答案，特别是第一题型，因为答错一题，就意味着答错两道题。 ? 相应练习：剑四 test3 passage2 剑五 test3 passage3 剑六 test2 passage1 剑六 test3 passage2 剑六 test4 passage1 二、辨别正误题型 (True / false /not given)? 该题型还涉及到：（not given / not mentioned）没有提到，有时还会出现下列提法 accurat / inaccurat 精确/不精确； supported / contradicted 一

英语写作经典段落结构(雅思托福都适用)Five Paragraph Essay Structure

Five Paragraph Essay Structure The five-paragraph essay is the commonest and most basic form of academic essay used in English and American high schools. Below you will find a map of the essay structure, and we will be using this structure in all of our argumentative and persuasive essays. Introduction (3-4 sentences) 1.Hook – Attracts the readers attention and introduces the main idea 2.Bridge – Develops the topic enough to explain the thesis statement 3.Thesis Statement – Introduces the topic and controlling ideas of the essay Main body Paragraph 1 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Main body Paragraph 2 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Counter Argument (4-5 sentences) 1.Counter argument –Introduces opposition’s strongest argument 2.Refutation – Explain why that argument is not valid or appropriate 3.Example – Use an example to support your refutation 4.Development (optional) - Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence - Pulls together and summarises main point from refutation Conclusion 1.Restate thesis – Restate the main topic and controlling idea from the thesis statement (paraphrased) 2.Summary – Summarise the main points from the article to support your opinion 3.Conclusion – Create a new idea/thinking point based on the points raised in the article

(完整版)雅思考试全题模拟试题(1)

雅思考试全题模拟试题(1) Listening TIME ALLOWED: 30 minutes NUMBER OF QUESTION: 40 Instruction You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions, and you will have a chance to check you work. All the recordings will be played ONCE only. The test is in four sections. Write your answers in the listening question booklet. At the end of the test you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet. Now turn to Section 1 on page 2. SECTION 1 Question1-9 Question 1-6 Listen to conversation between friend and the housing officer and complete the list below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS for each answer. HOUSING LIST HOUSING LIST Address Number of rooms Price per week Additional information Mr. J Devenport 82Salisbury Road Brighton BN 16 3 AN Tel 01273 884673 2 bedrooms sitting room kit. bath Example ￡120 Unfurnished Mrs E.S. Jarvis2Wicken Street Brighton BN 15 4JH Tel 01273 771621 (1) sitting room kit.bath (2) First floor Mrs. E.C. Sparshott 180Silwood Road Brighton BN 14 9RY Tel (3) 2 large rm/s shared kit and bath ￡35 Nice area (4) Mr A Nasiry 164 Preston Road Brighton BN5 7RT Tel 01273 703865 large bedroom sitting room with kitchenette.bath. (5) Ground floor Central (6) 2 harrow Road Brighton BN9 9HK Tel 01273 745621 2 large rooms kit bath ￡86 No pets Questions 7-9 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer 7.When is the accommodation available? 8.Where is the telephone? 9.How is the flat heated? SECTION 2 Questions 10-20