The Olympian Gods
The Olympian Gods
奥林匹亚十二主神
Greek Legend
希腊神话
Janet 译
文字难度：3
希腊神话是欧洲最早的人民口头创作，大约产生在公元前十二世纪到公元前八世纪之间。它历经古希腊人数百年口口相传，代代相承，不断地进行艺术加工，在以后的各种文学、历史、哲学著作中保存了下来。从本期开始，我们一起来领略一下希腊神话的魅力吧。
The Greeks believed the Earth to be flat and circular, their own country standing in the middle; the central point being either Mount Olympus, the 1)abode of the gods, or Delphi, famous for its 2)oracle. The circular disk of the Earth was crossed from west to east and divided into two equal parts by the Sea (their name for the 3)Mediterranean), and its continuation, the Euxine, the only seas with which they were acquainted.
The gods lived on the summit of Mount Olympus, in Thessaly. A gate of clouds, kept by the goddesses named the Seasons, opened to permit the passage of the 4)Celestials to earth, and to receive them on their return. The gods had their separate dwellings; but, when summoned, all retired to the palace of Jupiter, as did those 5)deities whose usual abode was the earth, the waters, or the underworld. It was also in the great hall of the palace of the Olympian king that the gods feasted each day on 6)ambrosia and 7)nectar, their food and drink, the latter being handed round by the lovely goddess 8)Hebe. Here they conversed of the affairs of heaven and earth; and as they 9)quaffed their nectar, Apollo, the god of music, delighted them with the tones of his 10)lyre, to which 11)the Muses sang in responsive 12)strains. After sunset, the gods retired to sleep in their respective dwellings. They took human forms of incomparable beauty and grace, yet, often being swayed by human feelings and desires, they were often overtaken by anger and jealousy. The twelve Olympian Gods are: Zeus—Zeus won the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods. He is lord of the sky. His weapon is a 13)thunderbolt which he 14)hurls at those who displease him. He is married to Hera but, is famous for his many affairs. He is also known to punish those that lie or break oaths.
Hera—Wife of Zeus, protector of marriage, familiar with magic.
Poseidon—Brother of Zeus. God of the sea, horses, and of earthquakes.
Ares—Son of Zeus and Hera. He was disliked by both parents. He is the god of war. Athena—Daughter of Zeus. She sprang fully grown and dressed in armor from his forehead. She is fierce and brave in battle, but only fights to protect the state and home from outside enemies. She is the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture.
Apollo—Son of Zeus and 15)Leto. He is the god of music, and he plays a golden lyre. He is also the god of healing and taught medicine to mankind. He is also the god of light and of truth; he can never speak a lie.
Artemis—Daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother is Apollo. She is the lady of the wild things. She is the hunter among the gods. She is the protector of the young. Like Apollo, she hunts with silver arrows, and she later became associated with the moon. She is a virgin goddess, and is the goddess of 16)chastity.
Hermes—Son of Zeus and 17)Maia. He is Zeus’ messenger. He is the fastest of the gods. He wears winged sandals, a winged hat, and carries a magic wand. He is the god of thieves and the god of commerce. He is the guide to the underworld, granting the dead safe passage.
Hephaestus—Lame god of fire and the forge. The Hephaestion near the Acropolis is the most beautifully preserved ancient temple in Greece. He is married to Aphrodite. Aphrodite—Goddess of love, romance, and beauty.
Demeter—Goddess of agriculture.
Hestia—Calm goddess of home and homelife, symbolized by the 18)hearth which holds the continually-burning flame.
希腊人认为地球是扁圆形的，他们的国家坐落在圆的中心，并且中心点要么是众神居地所在的奥林匹斯山，要么是以神殿著名的德尔斐城。类似一个圆饼的地球从西向东延伸，被“大海”（他们为地中海命的名）及其延伸部分欧克辛斯海（这些都是希腊人唯一熟悉的海域）分成相等两部分。
众神居住在位于塞萨利的奥林匹斯山山顶上。时序女神把守着天宫之门，把众神从天上送到人间，同时在众神归来之时迎接他们。众神都有自己的住所。但一旦被召集，众神以及其他在人间（包括地面上、水中和地下世界）居住的神就会聚集到朱庇特（即宙斯）宫殿。在奥林匹亚山神之王的宫殿里，众神每天享用着神肴和神酿，谈论着天上和人间的种种事情。在宴席上，青春女神赫柏负责为众神斟酒；音乐之神阿波罗用他美妙的琴声为大家助兴；而艺术女神缪斯则和着琴声轻声吟唱。日落后，众神回到各自的处所休息。天神们都是凡人的样子，他们的美丽与魅力无可匹敌。但因常受到凡人情感与欲望的影响，他们不时地勃然大怒，妒嫉别人。这12位奥林匹亚主神分别是：
宙斯——宙斯赢得最好的一签，成为众神之首，掌管天界。宙斯的武器是雷电。
有人惹他不高兴时，他就会用雷电来惩罚这些人。他娶了赫拉，但却出了名地贪花好色，宙斯还以经常惩罚那些撒谎或不守信用的人闻名。
赫拉——宙斯的妻子。婚姻的保护神；法力高强。
波塞冬——宙斯的兄弟。掌控大海、马匹以及地震。
阿瑞斯——宙斯与赫拉之子。父母都不喜欢他。他是战争之神。
雅典娜——宙斯的女儿。体态婀娜、披坚执锐的雅典娜是从宙斯裂开的头颅中走出来的。她在战场上表现勇猛，但只为保护国家和家园免受外来敌人的侵略而战。雅典娜掌管城市、手工艺和农业。
阿波罗——宙斯和勒托之子。他既是音乐之神，擅长弹奏金竖琴；也是医药之神，把医术传授给人们。阿波罗还是光明之神和真理之神，从不说谎。
阿尔忒弥斯——宙斯和勒托之女，与阿波罗是孪生兄妹。阿尔忒弥斯是野生物的女主人；是美丽的女猎神，也是青年人的保护神。跟阿波罗一样，阿尔忒弥斯使用银箭狩猎，后来成为月亮女神。她是处女的保护神，被称为纯洁之神。
赫尔墨斯——宙斯和迈亚之子。他是宙斯的信使。赫尔墨斯在众神中跑得最快。他穿着一双带翅膀的鞋，戴着一顶带翅膀的帽子，随身带着一根魔法棒。赫尔墨斯是盗窃者的守护神、商业之神；也是黄泉的引导者，把死者安全地引到黄泉。赫淮斯托斯——跛足的火和锻造之神。阿克罗波利斯附近的火神庙是希腊境内保存最完好的一座古代神庙。赫淮斯托斯的妻子是阿佛洛狄忒。
阿佛洛狄忒——爱、浪漫和美之神。
德墨忒耳——农业女神。
赫斯提亚——性情温和、掌管家庭和家庭生活事务的女神；其象征是燃烧着不灭火焰的炉灶。
1) abode n. 住所，住处
2) oracle n. [宗]（古希腊）神谕，预言，神谕处
3) Mediterranean n. 地中海（=Mediterranean sea，位于欧、亚、非三大洲之间）
4) Celestial n. 天神
5) deity n. 神，神性
6) ambrosia n. 神的食物，特别美味的食物
7) nectar n. [希神] 神酒
8) Hebe赫柏。宙斯和赫拉之女，青春女神，是奥林匹斯山的斟酒女郎
9) quaff v. 一口气喝干，大口地喝
10) lyre n. 七弦琴，小竖琴
11) the Muses 缪斯。是主管音乐、诗歌、舞蹈、天文等九位女神的总称。
12) strain n. 曲调，旋律
13) thunderbolt n. 霹雳，雷电
14) hurl v. 用力投掷，丢下
15)Leto 勒托。暗夜女神，宙斯第六位妻子
16) chastity n. 纯洁，贞节
17) Maia 迈亚。宙斯的情人，风雨女神
18) hearth n. 家庭（生活）
高中语文诗词鉴赏知识点汇总
高中语文的诗词鉴赏知识点汇总 诗歌创作的目的是抒情，而诗人的思想感情往往是借助诗中的形象委婉含蓄地表现出来的。因此，鉴赏古诗词，首先必须把握古诗词的形象。所谓形象就是主观情意和外在物象融合的结晶，是浸润着作者浓郁主观情感的意象。它包括人物形象、景物形象、事物形象三种。 一、掌握鉴赏人物形象的方法和审答规范 1．鉴赏方法：因形悟神 诗歌中的人物形象既指诗中塑造的人物形象(如《寻诗两绝句》中的陈居士)，也指诗人形象“我”，一般指的就是抒情主人公(诗人自己)。每首诗必有抒情主人公形象，但不一定有诗中人物形象。诗中的人物形象只是抒情主人公表达情意的途径之一。 古诗的人物形象往往以片段的形式表现出来，因此理解分析人物形象时要特别抓住诗中描写人物的语言、神态、动作、心理、肖像及所处的环境等片段文字，因形悟神(人物形象特点)。另外，要关注诗人所处的背景及诗人对其的情感态度等。 古诗中常见的人物形象有：①不慕权贵、傲岸不羁的形象，②心忧天下、忧国忧民的形象，③寄情山水、归隐田园的形象，④怀才不遇、壮志难酬的形象，⑤友人送别、思念故乡的形象。 2．审题答题规范：两审两答
“两审”指审题时要审清两点：①分清是诗中人物形象还是诗人自己的形象，②是要求分析还是概括。 “两答”指答题两步骤：①什么形象(中心词应是“形象”)；②分析形象的基本特征(结合诗歌内容分析)和形象的意义(联系情感、主旨分析)。 二、掌握鉴赏景物形象(含意境)的方法和审答规范 1．鉴赏方法：融情造境 (1)景物形象 景物形象是指诗歌中描绘的自然景物和人文景物。可以是情中之景，有单个景物形象，有由多个景物形象(意象)组合成的意境。 诗歌传统意象比较固定，如杨柳代表惜别，月亮代表思乡怀人等。但在具体诗歌中有变数。 鉴赏景物形象，一要注意景物描写的方式，如动静、色彩，来把握景物特点和诗人的感情；二要抓住意象来分析意境，探知诗人的感情。 (2)意境 意境：意，作者的情感；境，诗中所描绘的图景。意境指诗歌通过意象所表现出来的情调和境界。意境和意象的关系，简单地说，是境生于象而超乎象。意象是诗歌艺术的基本单位，而意境则是指全篇作品所营造的整体艺术境界；意象是形成意境的材料，而意境则是意象叠加、组合之后的升华。
英国诗歌欣赏期末考试题(附答案)
I.Multiple Choice 1.To commerate the death of his young wife, __________wrote the poem Annabel Lee. a. D.H. Lawrence b. John Milton c. Philip Phreneau d. Edgar Allan Poe 2. In Leisure, ____________ thinks that it is a poor life if “we have no time to stand and stare” a. John Keats b. William Henry Davies c. Alexander Pope d. John Donne 3.. In Amy Lowell’s Falling Snow, the poet says that “When the temple bell rings again/ they will be covered and gone”. “They” here refers to ______ a. the wooden clogs b. footprints c. the pilgrims d. none of the above 4. The “busy archer”in Philip Sydney’s To the Moon refers to____ a. the poet himself b. Cupid c. a comrade-in-arms of the poet d. none of the above 5. “Act____act in the glorious present”is perphaps the most soul-stirring line in _________’s poem A Psalm of Life. a. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow b. Percy Bissy Shelly c. Walt Whitman d. Carl Sandburg 6. In Song of the Rain, _________ paints a rosy picture of happy family life where the poet is “Safe in the House with my boyhood love/ And our children are asleep in the attic above”. a. Kenneth Mackenzie b. Carl Sandburg c. Hugh MacCrae d. Jerard Manley Hopkins 7. “Day brought back my night”is a well-praised phrase from __________’s On His Deceased Wife. a. Edgar Allan Poe b. Robert Frost c. John Milton d. Philip Sydney 8. In James Shirley’s poem Death the Leveller, the word “leveller” means a. something that reduces everything to nothing b. something that brings equality to all c. something that levels the ground d. none of the abov e. 9. What does “Fire” in Robert Frost’s poem Fire and Ice symbolize? a. war b. anger c. love d. desire 10. In John Keat’s poem The Terror of Death, the phrase “unreflecting love” means a. love without calculation b. love without preparation c. love never thought of d. love involving many considerations II.Blank Filling 1.One word is too often ________, For me to ________ it One feeling is too ______distained, For ______ to distain it .
高一语文诗歌鉴赏专项练习
高一语文诗歌鉴赏专项练习 1、阅读下面这首唐诗，然后回答问题。 军城早秋严武注 昨夜秋风入汉关，朔云边月满西山。更催飞将追骄虏，莫遣沙场匹马还。 注严武（726-765）：字季鹰，华阴（今属陕西）人。曾任成都尹、剑南节度使，广德二年（764）秋率兵西征，击败吐蕃军队七万多人。 （1）诗的前两句描绘了什么样的景象？有什么寓意？ （2）诗的后两句表现了作者什么样的情怀？请简要分析。 2、阅读下面这首词，回答问题。 小重山·端午 [元]舒颉 碧艾香蒲处处忙。谁家儿共女，庆端阳。细缠五色臂丝①长。空惆怅，谁复吊沅湘②。往事莫论量。千年忠义气，日星光。《离骚》读罢总堪伤。无人解，树转午阴凉。 [注]①五色臂丝：荆楚风俗，端午节以五彩丝系臂。②沅湘：沅水和湘水。湘水支流中有泪罗江。 （1）．从全词看，“空惆怅”和“无人解”分别表达了作者怎样的思想感情?(4分) （2）．这首词最突出的表现手法是什么?请分别结合上阙和下阙作简要分析。(4分) 3、阅读下面这首宋词，然后回答问题。 满江红·登黄鹤楼有感岳飞 遥望中原，荒烟外，许多城郭。想当年，花遮柳护，凤楼龙阁。万岁山前珠翠绕，蓬壶殿里笙歌作。[注]到而今，铁骑满郊畿，风尘恶。兵安在？膏锋锷。民安在？填沟壑。叹江山如故，千村寥落。何日请缨提锐旅，一鞭直渡清河洛。却归来，再续汉阳游，骑黄鹤。 【注】万岁山、蓬壶殿：指宋徽宗时构筑的土山苑囿、亭台宫殿。 ⑴这首词中的对比是由哪两个句子领起的？“万岁山前珠翠绕”一句中用了哪种修辞手法？( ⑵词中写了哪些“风尘恶”的景象？(4分) ⑶词的开头写作者登黄鹤楼遥望中原，结尾说“再续汉阳游，骑黄鹤”，反映出作者的思想感情有何变化？(4分) 4、阅读下面这首唐诗，然后回答问题。 登金陵凤凰台李白 凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流。吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。 三山半落青天外，一水中分白鹭洲。总谓浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁。 【注】①一水：亦作“二水”。 (1)分别概括这首诗颔联和颈联的内容，并说说其中寄寓了诗人什么样的感慨。（4分） (2)“总谓浮云能蔽日”一句用了何种修辞手法？尾联表达了诗人什么样的思想感情？（4分）
英国文学选读一考试大题必备 重点题目分析(人物分析 诗歌分析 三大主义)
Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet…s genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms the tragic dignity of a basically decent person in a bad world Hamlet is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the futility and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today. Unlike so much of popular culture today, "Hamlet" leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world. 犹豫scholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires (Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do". Robinson Crusoe is a grand hero in westerners? eyes. He survived in the deserted island and lived a meaningful life. He almost has everything needed for becoming a successful man, such as his excellent creativity, great working capacity, courage, and persistence in overcoming obstacles. But he has shortcomings, too. Sometimes he was irresolute; he was not confident; he was fetishistic, although his belief had done him much good. He serves somehow as a lighthouse for the ambitious people. It?s also instructive for average people. Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th C. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. The author Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational, powerful, clever, and successful man. 【Themes of Robinson Crusoe】 1. The ambivalence of mastery In short, while Crusoe seems praiseworthy in mastering his fate by overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his environment, the praiseworthiness of his mastery over his fellow human Friday is more doubtful. Defoe explores the link between the two in his depiction of the colonial mind. 2. The necessity of Repentance Crusoe?s experiences constitute not simply an adventure story in which thrilling things happen, but also a moral tale illustrating the right and wrong ways to live one?s life. Crusoe?s story instruct s others in God?s wisdom, and one vital part of this wisdom is the importance of repenting one?s sins. 3. The Importance of Self-Awareness Crusoe?s arrival on the island does not make him revert to a brute existence and he remains conscious of himself at all times. His island existence actually deepens his self-awareness as he withdraws from the external society and turns inward. The idea that the individual must keep a careful reckoning of the state of his own soul is a key point in the Presbyterian doctrine that the aothor took seriously all his life. ·Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte The protagonist and title character, orphaned as a baby. She is a plain-featured, small and reserved but talented, sympathetic, hard-working, honest and passionate girl. Skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching, she works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, Edward Rochester. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 【Themes of Jane Eyre】 1. Gender relations A particularly important theme in the novel is patriarchalism and Jane…s efforts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society. Among the three of the main male characters,
英国诗歌赏析1(本科)
Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare S hall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And of ten is his gold complexion dimm’d; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or n ature’s changing course untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; N or shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee Selected Metaphysical poems by John Donne I. THE FLEA Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that which thou deniest me is ; It suck'd me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be. Thou know'st that this cannot be said A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead; Yet this enjoys before it woo, And pamper'd swells with one blood made of two ; And this, alas ! is more than we would do. O stay, three lives in one flea spare, Where we almost, yea, more than married are. This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is. Though parents grudge, and you, we're met, And cloister'd in these living walls of jet. Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.
高中语文诗歌鉴赏附答案
高中语文诗歌鉴赏附答案 13. 阅读下面的唐诗，然后回答问题。（8分） 题岳阳楼① 白居易 岳阳城下水漫漫，独上危楼凭曲阑。春岸绿时连梦泽②，夕波红处近长安。 猿攀树立啼何苦，雁点湖飞渡亦难。此地唯堪画图障③，华堂张与贵人看。 【注】①元和十四年春，白居易自江州赴任忠州刺史，经过岳阳时写下该诗。②梦泽：云梦泽。③图障：图画。 （1）本诗怎样突出洞庭湖“漫漫”的特征？请结合颔联、颈联简要分析。（4分） （2）诗的尾联是什么意思？蕴含着诗人怎样的感情？（4分） 13．阅读下面这首诗，然后回答问题。（8分） 除夜野宿常州城外二首(其一) 苏轼 行歌野哭两堪悲，远火低星渐向微。病眼不眠非守岁，乡音无伴苦思归。 重衾脚冷知霜重，新沐头轻感发稀。多谢残灯不嫌客，孤舟一夜许相依。 [注]此诗作于宋神宗熙宁六年（1073）十一月，苏轼奉命前往常州等地赈济灾荒途中；除夜即除夕。 （1）结合尾联，简要赏析“嫌”字的妙处。（4分） （2）这首诗的前六句，表达了作者哪些思想情感？请简要概括。（4分）
13．阅读下面这首元曲，然后回答问题。（8分） 正宫·塞鸿秋 薛昂夫 功名万里忙如燕，斯文一脉微如线，光阴寸隙流如电， 风霜两鬓白如练。尽道便休官，林下何曾见？①至今寂寞彭泽县。 注：①化用唐代灵沏和尚的诗句：“相逢尽道休官去，林下何曾见一人！” （1）这首元曲主要运用了哪种修辞手法？请简要赏析其表达效果。（4分） （2）这首元曲表达了怎样的主旨？请简要概括。（4分） 13、阅读下面的唐诗，回答问题。(8分) 南邻（杜甫） 锦里先生乌角巾，园收芋栗未全贫。 惯看宾客儿童喜，得食阶除鸟雀驯。 秋水才深四五尺，野航恰受两三人。 白沙翠竹江村暮，相送柴门月色新。 （1）这首诗的前半篇和后半篇各描绘了一幅画，请用简洁的语言分别概述这两幅画。（3分） 答： （2）从全诗看，诗人的邻居锦里先生是个怎样的人？试结合诗句作简要分析。（5分）答：
英美文学欣赏考题整理及答案
Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.
(完整版)高中语文古诗鉴赏题及答案
1、阅读下面这首清诗，完成下题。 山寺夜起 江湜 月升岩石巅，下照一溪烟。 烟色如云白，流来野寺前。 开门惜夜景，矫首看霜天。 谁见无家客，山中独不眠。 (1)．三四两句中的“烟”有哪些特点？诗人是如何描写的？ (2)．结合全诗分析诗人“不眠”的原因。 2、阅读下面的诗歌，完成后面的题目。 春日耕者 苏辙 阳气先从土脉知，老农夜起饲牛饥。雨深一尺春耕利，日出三竿晓饷①迟。 妇子同来相妩媚，乌鸢飞下巧追随。纷纭政令②曾何补，要取终年风雨时。【注】①晓饷，指送早饭到田间。②政令，指当时王安石变法所颁布的各种法令。（1）请对颈联作简要赏析。 （2）这首诗表达了作者怎样的思想感情？请简要概括。 3、阅读下面的宋诗，完成小题。 放慵陈与义 暖日薰杨柳，浓春醉海棠。 放慵真有味，应俗苦相妨。 宦拙从人笑，交疏得自藏。 云移稳扶杖，燕坐独焚香。 (1)．古典诗词特别讲究炼字。本诗第二句哪个字用得好？试分析其表达效果。 (2)．这首诗表达了诗人哪些思想感情？结合全诗，请作简要分析。
4、阅读下面这首诗歌，然后回答问题。 唐叔良溪居 【明】张羽 高斋每到思无穷，门巷玲珑野望通。 片雨隔村犹夕照，疏林映水已秋风。 药囊诗卷闲行后，香灺灯光静坐中。 为问只今江海上，如君无事几人同？ 【注】灺（xiè）：灯烛灰，此指香灰。 (1)．这首诗塑造了一个怎样的人物形象，请简要分析。 (2)．本诗虽无惊人之笔，但措词亦值得品味，颔联中“犹”“已”就颇见功力，请分析这两词语的妙处。 5、阅读下面这首诗，完成下题。 早行 （宋）刘克庄 店妪明灯送，前村认未真。 山头云似雪，陌上树如人。 渐觉高星少，才分远烧新。 何烦看堠子①，来往暗知津。 【注】①堠（hòu）子：标记里程的土堆。 (1)．本诗颔联运用__________的修辞手法，写出早行途中景物__________的特征。 (2)．本诗围绕一个“真”字落笔，反写正写，构思巧妙，试作简要分析。 6、阅读下面两首诗，完成下题。 海棠 （宋）王安石 绿娇隐约眉轻扫，红嫩妖娆脸薄妆。 巧笔写传功未尽，清才吟咏兴何长。
高中语文诗歌鉴赏专题
高中语文诗歌鉴赏专题 第18周： 一、阅读下面的唐诗，完成下列小题。 江亭夜月送别二首王勃 江送巴南水，山横塞北云。津亭秋月夜，谁见泣离群？ 乱烟笼碧砌，飞月向南端。寂寞高亭掩，江山此夜寒。 ．下面对这两首诗的赏析，恰当的两项是 A．首诗，首句点明送别地，次句宕开一笔，从巴南一下子掷向塞北，三句点明送别的具体地点和分手时间，尾句从正面着笔，表明有人因离群而啜泣。 B．第二首诗，前两句将夜色刻画得细致入微。秋意渐浓，江畔上空湿雾如烟，笼罩亭阶，月飞南端，时光飞逝，离人难舍；末二句写离人去后情景。 c．“飞月向南端”主要是诗人主观上的感觉，作者连续运用衬托笔法，以“飞月”形容时光飞逝，以时光飞逝暗示话别之久，以话别之久点出友情之深。 D．两诗都点到“月”，而且点明是秋夜，加之王勃一度远游四川，诗中又有地点“巴南水”，可以断定这是中秋前后作者客居四川时写的送别诗。 E．通观两首诗，前一首诗是为后一首诗作铺垫，精彩全在后四句；诗人在后四句中从心理活动的描写发展到对客
观事物的描摹，笔法精妙。 ．黄叔灿在《唐诗笺注》里称赞王勃第二首诗末句“寒”字使用精妙：“一片离情，俱从此字托出。”请结合诗歌加以赏析。第19周： 二、阅读下面这首唐诗。完成小题。 自蓟北归高适 驱马蓟门北，北风边马哀。苍茫远山口，豁达胡天开。 五将已深入①，前军止半回。谁怜不得意，长剑独归来②。 【注】①五将已深入：汉宣帝时，曾遣田广明等五将军，率十万余骑，出塞二千多里击匈奴。②长剑独归来：《战国策?齐策》载，冯谖为盂尝君门客，未受重用时多次倚柱弹剑，歌“长剑归来”。 ．下列对本诗的理解，不正确的两项是 A．“哀”奠定了全诗的感情基调，不仅有边地马鸣声之哀，更有驱马人内心之哀。 B．首联运用顶针的手法，两个“北”字前后勾连重复，营造紧张迅急的行军气氛。 c．“胡”是我国古代对北方各民族的通称，“胡天”指塞北的天空，是边塞诗常用意象。 D．颔联运用烘托渲染、以动衬静的手法，描绘了塞外空阔辽远、苍劲悲凉的独特风光。
(完整word版)高中语文古诗词鉴赏
高中语文古诗词鉴赏 | 学霸满分答题万能模版 分析形象型 1．提问格式： ⑴这首诗塑造了什么样的形象？ ⑵试说说这首诗中的形象特点？ ⑶通过诗中的形象塑造，表现了诗人怎样的情感？ 2．解答分析： 形象(意象)：A、人(诗歌中塑造的人物形象或抒情主人公)；B、物(咏物诗或杂诗中的物象)； C、景(写景诗或杂诗中的景象) ⑴懂得意象合成意境，意境凸现形象。 ⑵形象蕴含诗人的思想和情感。 ⑶分析诗歌形象要根据诗歌描写的具体物象和画面识别其性质，在读懂诗歌的基础上概括出诗歌的象征意义和社会意义。 3．答题步骤： ⑴概说塑造了什么形象。 ⑵结合诗句内容或表达技巧具体分析形象特点。 ⑶揭示形象表现的意义(情感、理想、追求、品性等)。 4．答题示例： 早梅 张渭 一树寒梅白玉条，迥临村路傍溪桥。 不知近水花先发，疑是经冬雪未消。 问：诗人是如何借梅展示自我形象的？ 答： (步骤一)本诗展现了早梅耐寒而立、迎风而发的形象。 (步骤二)“寒”字点明早梅生存条件的恶劣；“迥”字表现出早梅的孤单；“白玉条”之喻、疑梅为雪之错觉，鲜明地表现出早梅冰清玉洁之质。 (步骤三)作者以梅自喻，展示了一个孤寂傲世、坚韧刚强、超凡脱俗的自我形象。 分析意境型 1．提问方式： ⑴这首诗营造了一种怎样的意境？表达了诗人怎样的思想感情？ ⑵这首诗描绘了一幅怎样的画面？表达了诗人什么样的思想感情？ ⑶某几句诗描写了什么样的景物？抒发了诗人怎样的情怀？ 2．解答分析： 这是一种最常见的题型。所谓意境，是指寄托诗人情感的物象(即意象)综合起来构建的让人产生想象的境界。它包括景、情、境三个方面。答题时三方面缺一不可。
新编英国文学下term+诗歌鉴赏
Grammatical terms (lectures 1--20) 1. The grammar of the English language is organized into five ranks: the sentence, the clause, the phrase, the word and the morpheme. Among them, the morpheme is the minimum or smallest grammatical unit, also the smallest meaningful element of speech. Morphemes fall into two categories: free morpheme and bound morphemes. 2. In terms of word formation, words can be divided into simple words, derivatives and compounds. In terms of grammatical function, words can be divided into two main groups: closed-class words(e.g. preposition, pronoun, determiner, conjunction, auxiliary) and open-class words(e.g. noun, adjective, adverb, main verb). 3. Subject-verb concord refers to the agreement between subject and predicate verb in number. There are three guiding principles; they are grammatical concord, notional concord and principle of proximity. 4. Case is a grammatical category. It denotes the changes in the form of a noun or a pronoun showing its relationship with other words in a sentence. 5. In English, most personal pronouns and interrogative/relative pronoun who have three case forms: the subjective case (like I, you), the objective case (like me, him) and the genitive case (my/mine). 6. An independent genitive can sometimes be used as prepositional complementation (traditionally known as prepositional object). The prepositional phrase (usually an of-phrase) that takes an independent genitive as complementation is called a double genitive. 7. Words that precede any pre-modifying adjectives in a noun phrase and which denote such referential meanings as specific reference, generic reference, definite quantity or indefinite quantity are referred to as determiners. 8. According to the potential position, determiners fall into three subclasses: central determiners (e.g. your, this ), predeterminers (e.g. double, twice) and postdeterminers (e.g. one, second). The articles are the most typical of determiners. 9. According to the different rules played in the formation of verb phrases, verbs are divided into two major classes: main verbs and auxiliaries. According to lexical meaning, main verbs may be dynamic and stative. Auxiliaries fall into three categories:primary auxiliaries, modal auxiliaries and semi-auxiliarie s. 10. English main verbs have two finite forms and three non-finite forms. The two finite forms are the present tense and the past tense; the three non-finite forms are the infinitive (including the bare infinitive and the to-infinitive), the –ing participle and the –ed participle. 11.English verbs have two tenses: the present tense and the past tense. 12.Aspect as a grammatical term indicates whether an action or state at a given time is viewed as complete or incomplete. English verbs have two aspects: the progressive aspect and the perfective aspect. 13. Mood as a grammatical category, is a finite verb form that indicates whether an utterance expresses a fact (indicative mood), a command or request (imperative mood), or a non-fact and hypothesis (subjunctive mood). There are two forms of subjunctive mood: be-subjunctive and were-subjunctive. 14. Voice is a grammatical category. It is a form of the verb which shows whether the subject of a sentence acts or is acted on.