新八年级英语语法知识点

新八年级英语语法知识点

（一）一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.

will do结构表示将来的用法：

1. 表示预见

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.

2. 表示意图

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

基本构成如下：

一般疑问句构成：

（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t

否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do

Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.

特殊疑问句构成：

特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?

根据例句，用will改写下列各句

例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）

I’ll be better tomorrow.

1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）

_____________________________

2. I’m tired now. （sleep later）

_____________________________

3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）

_____________________________

4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later）

_____________________________

5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）

_____________________________

答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.

2. I’ll sleep later.

3. They’ll buy one soon.

4. We’ll leave a little later.

5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.

（二）should的用法：

should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.

例如：I think you should eat less junk food.

我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。

She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games.

学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。

学习向别人提建议的几种句式：

（1）I think you should…

（2）Well, you could…

（3）Maybe you should …

（4）Why don’t you…?

（5）What about doing sth.?

（6）You’d better do sth.

用should或shouldn’t填空

1. I can’t sleep the night before exams.

You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.

2. Good friends ______ argue each other.

3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.

4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.

5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.

答案：1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should

（三）过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。

1. 构成

was /were + doing，例如：

I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.

at 9 o’clock last night是时间点

They were playing football all afternoon.

all afternoon是时间段

2. 过去进行时的标志词

at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：

I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.

昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。

At that time she was writing a book.

那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）

用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.

2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.

3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.

4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.

5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.

答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading

4. was playing; was cooking

5. was having; called

（四）间接引语

形成步骤：

（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号

（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）

（3）要考虑时态的变化

（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。

1.

2.

用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. She said I _____（be）hard-working.

2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.

3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.

4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.

5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.

答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 请转述他人说的话：

1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）

2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）

3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）

4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）

（五）if引导的条件状语从句

结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时

含义：如果……，将要……

例如：If you ask him, he will help you.

如果你请求他，他会帮助你。

If need be, we’ll work all night.

如果需要，我们就干个通宵

根据中文提示，完成句子。

1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。

If you ________ the party, you __________.

2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。

If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.

3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。

If you often ________, you _________________.

答案：

1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time

2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic

3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English

二. 完形填空特点及解题思路

（一）题型分类与特点

完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。

1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150－200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。

2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。

（A）

Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语）“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答复）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t you say‘May I have two days off? ’”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 us‘have a day off! ’”

（）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for

（）2. A. thought hardly

B. thought hard and hard

C. hard thought

D. thought and thought

（）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr

（）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock

（）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once

（）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do

（）7. A. tomorrow

B. the day after tomorrow

C. yesterday

D. the day before yesterday

（）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing

（）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by

（）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching

（B）

请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形

A generation gap （代沟）has become a serious problem. I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels （争吵）with parents. I think this is _______（3）they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office. _______（5）they don’t have much time to st ay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don’t have the same topics（话题）to talk about. I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents. They are the people who _______（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.

完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：

1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。

2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。

3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。

4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。

完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：

1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。

2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

（三）课文阅读指导

1. 初中阅读

阅读理解能力

（1）理解主旨要义

（2）理解文中具体信息

（3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义

（4）做出简单判断的推理

（5）理解文章的基本结构

（6）理解作者的意图和态度

2. 培养良好阅读习惯

（1）扩大视距

（2）克服声读

（3）克服逐字读

3. 猜测词文

（1）通过标题或主题句进行预测

（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。

（3）通过语篇标记进行预测

（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。

（5）利用背景知识预测

（6）利用图片进行预测

实战操练

（答题时间：80分钟）

一. 选择填空。

（）1. Beijing won the chances _________ the 2008 Olympics.

A. to host

B. host

C. hosting

D. hosted

（）2. Tiger Woods can make billions ______ dollars a year.

A. for

B. with

C. of

D. on

（）3. －You looked so beautiful at the party.

－_______.

A. No, I don’t think so

B. Of course

C. Thank you very much

D. No, I’m not beautiful

（）4. The text is very easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a few

B. a little

C. few

D. little

（）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book.

A. that

B. what

C. how

D. if

（）6. －In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.

－I don’t agree. Speaking is _______ reading.

A. as important as

B. so important as

C. the more important

D. the most important

（）7. If he ________ harder, he’ll catch up with us.

A. work

B. works

C. worked

D. will work

（）8. The manager ________ that the business would be worse after the stock （股票）went down.

A. talked

B. told

C. said

D. spoke

（）9. We should keep _________ in the reading-room.

A. quiet

B. quietly

C. quite

D. quickly

（）10. －I think everything goes on well.

－_______.

A. So I do

B. I do so

C. So do I

D. So is I

（）11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _______.

A. down

B. it on

C. on it

D. it off

（）12. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money. I’ve ________ my handbag at home.

A. missed

B. left

C. put

D. forgotten

（）13. He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes.

A. after

B. before

C. that

D. while

（）14. It takes ________ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.

A. more

B. fewer

C. longer

D. less

（）15. －Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?

－Sorry, I haven’t. Why _______ you ask Mary? Perhaps she’s got one.

A. do

B. don’t

C. did

D. didn’t

二. 选择恰当的答语。

_____1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? A. Your teacher won’t let you in.

_____2. Will people use paper B. He said I couldn’t stay out late.

money in the future?

_____3. I can’t sleep, what should I do? C. I was doing my homework.

_____4. If I wear jeans to school, D. No, they won’t. Everyone

what will happen? will have a credit card.

_____5. What did your father say? E. You should listen to some

relaxing music.

三. 根据汉语提示填空：

1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗？

I don’t know __________ to do, can you give me some _______?

2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。

While the alien was _______ a souvenir, I ________ the police.

3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。

On my way home from school, I saw a cat get ________ _______ a window.

4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。

I don’t want to talk _________ it with you _________ the phone.

5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。

We are going to have a _______ party for John ________ Friday evening.

四. 完形填空：

把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。

Three men went up in a balloon（气球）. They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （绳子）, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.

After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men’s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.

At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London!

五. 阅读理解

（A）

Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend

Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.

Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies.

1. What did Einstein do? He was ______.

A. a doctor

B. a teacher

C. a scientist

2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.

A. Because he was writing something on the bridge.

B. Because he was waiting for a friend.

C. Because he was thinking.

3. It rained _________.

A. sometimes

B. for some time

C. for a long time

4. Einstein ________ and began to write something on it.

A. bought a piece of paper.

B. took a piece of paper from his car.

C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.

5. Which is true?

A. Einstein was careful with his work.

B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.

C. Einstein was careful with his friends.

（B）

生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据1－5小题所描述的救护方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画（本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不给分。）

1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.

2. If the person is bleeding （流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.

3. If you are bitten （cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible.

4. If you are burnt （hurt by fire or something very hot）, cool the burnt part at once. Run cool （not cold）water over the burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.

5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it’s very dangerous. The lift may get trapped between floors. Use the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____

Here are some pictures to choose.

初一英语语法知识点总结归纳

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You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah e to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won't 否定句构成：will + not (won't)+do

Sarah won't e to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二) should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

八年级上册英语语法归纳

八年级上册英语语法归纳 【篇一】 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father’s job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always(总是，一直) usually(通常)

often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there. 5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

七年级英语上册语法学习知识点总结.doc

七年级英语上册语法学习知识点总结 初一英语语法学习知识点总结初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常 用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下，一、初一英语语法——词法1、名词a）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, americans, germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加 es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, chinese, japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

初中英语常考的7个语法知识点

初中英语常考的7个语法知识点 一、介词by的用法 1、意为“在……旁”，“靠近”。 Some are singing and dancing under a big t ree。 Some are drawing by the lake。 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。 2、意为“不迟于”，“到……时为止”。 Your son will be all right by supper time。你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned b y the end of last term？ 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？ 3、表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。

The monkey was hanging from the tree by h is tail and laughing。 猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway tele graph。 孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4、表示“逐个”，“逐批”的意思。 One by one they went past the table in the dark。 他们一个一个的在黑暗中经过这张桌子。 5、表示“根据”，“按照”的意思。 What time is it by your watch？ 你的表几点了？

初二英语语法知识点总结

1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事 2.try to do sth 尽力干某事 3. try not to do sth 尽力不干某事 4. try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 5. try on 试穿have a try 试一试 6. although /though 引导让步状语从句，“即使，虽然”，不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still 连用。 7.finish doing sth 结束干某事 8.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事 9.decide to do sth 决定干某事decide not to do sth 决定不干某事.decide on doing sth 决定干某事同义词组: make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 10.plan to do sth 计划干某事11.think about doing sth 考虑干某事12.go + v-ing 的用法: 13.:It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 同义句：1).I t’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 14. 1).take the train to …=go to …by train take the bus to …= go to …by bus 2).fly to …= go to …by plane /air walk to …. = go to …on foot ride a bike to …= go to …. by bike My uncle went to New York last week . 15. 1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ). 16. A +be +距离+from +sb = It’s +距离+from A+ to sb. 17.leave ,leave for , leave …for …1).leave +地点“离开某地”2).leave for +地点“前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地“离开某地前往某地” 18.all …not = not all “并非都”部分否定注：not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。19.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多= a lot of /many , number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large / small number of ….. 作主语时，谓语用复数。2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。20. 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。21.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 22. 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组be free / have time I am busy tomorrow 23. 1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后，all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。24.however / but however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。25. 1).most of the +复数名词“…..中的大多数”2).most +复数名词“大多数的…….” 26. 1).beat:打败后面接打败的人或对象beat sb 2).win:赢后面接比赛的项目(race , game , match , prize …..) 3).lose:输lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物27.do you think 作为插入语1).位置：放在疑问词之后2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。 28.常见的不可数名词：weather work food news advice information fun music paper water 29. 1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句：can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth . 30. 1).listen to …仔细倾听强调听的过程2).hear …听到、听见强调听的结果3).sound …. 系动词“听起来…….”后面接形容词而sound like +名词31. 1).not as…as 之间要用原级2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级+ than + B = B + 形容词的比较级+ than +A 32. finally = at last = in the end Finally he came up with an idea 33.turn on / open 的区别：1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。 2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。 34.into/ in 的区别： 1.into表示“到……里面去”，进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。 2.in表示“在……里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。 35. too…to…= not…enough to …= so…that…. 36.：called = named = with the name (of) ?37. 1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事 2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事(注)：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上