2021届全国百所名校新高考模拟试卷(八)英语试题

2021届全国百所名校新高考模拟试卷（八）

英语试题

★祝考试顺利★

注意事项：

1、考试范围：高考范围。

2、试题卷启封下发后，如果试题卷有缺页、漏印、重印、损坏或者个别字句印刷模糊不清等情况，应当立马报告监考老师，否则一切后果自负。

3、答题卡启封下发后，如果发现答题卡上出现字迹模糊、行列歪斜或缺印等现象，应当马上报告监考老师，否则一切后果自负。

4、答题前，请先将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写在试题卷和答题卡上的相应位置，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

5、选择题的作答：每个小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非选择题答题区域的答案一律无效。

6、填空题和解答题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域的答案一律无效。如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。

7、选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑。答案用0.5毫米黑色签字笔写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非选修题答题区域的答案一律无效。

8、保持答题卡卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损，不得使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带等。

9、考试结束后，请将本试题卷、答题卡、草稿纸一并依序排列上交。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?

A.￡19.15.

B.￡9.18.

C.￡9.15

答案是C。

1. Where does the conversation probably take place?

A. In the woman's house.

B. In a hotel.

C. In a restaurant.

2. Why is the man late for the concert?

A. His bike broke down.

B. He didn't catch the bus.

C. He had a car accident.

3. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A. The weather.

B. A picnic.

C. A friend.

4. What does the man need to buy?

A. A pair of shoes.

B. A T-shirt.

C. A bag.

5. Why hasn't Adam come yet?

A. He wasn't informed of the meeting time.

B. He didn't want to meet the woman.

C. He was busy with his work.

第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. How did the man travel around the world?

A. By car.

B. By motorbike.

C. By train.

7. Why didn't the man choose cycling?

A. It was a bit boring.

B. It was not adventurous.

C. It was impractical.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. Why does the woman call the man?

A. To visit his factory.

B. To invite him to her party.

C. To ask about his Christmas plan.

9. When will the customer come to London?

A. On the 20th.

B. On the 22nd.

C. On the 25th.

10. Where is the factory?

A. In London.

B. In Leeds.

C. In Bath.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. What is the relationship between the speakers?

A. Guide and tourist.

B. Husband and wife.

C. Customer and saleswoman.

12. What does the man think of the woman's first idea?

A. Interesting.

B. Confusing.

C. Absurd.

13. What will the speakers probably do next?

A. Take a boat ride.

B. Go swimming.

C. Have a sunbath.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14. Why is the man making the phone call?

A. To book a flight.

B. To find a car hire company.

C. To check the information of his journey.

15. How can the man pay less?

A. By making a booking online.

B. By calling the hotline in Sydney.

C. By using his flight booking reference.

16. When will the man arrive in Sydney?

A. At 6:10.

B. At 6:30.

C. At 6:45.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. What did the speaker put inside the box in the experiment?

A. A picture.

B. A mirror.

C. A toy.

18. What age children told lies most often during the experiment?

A. The five-year-olds.

B. The six-year-olds.

C. The seven-year-olds.

19. What did the children under seven think of lying?

A. It was useless itself.

B. It would bring them self-respect.

C. It could help them escape from trouble.

20. What can help children stop lying most?

A. Encouraging words.

B. Reasonable explanation.

C. A warning of punishment.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Millions of visitors travel to North Carolina’s Outer Banks to enjoy miles of sand, surf, food, music and sporting events.

Outer Banks Seafood Festival

Designed to bring fishermen closer to the people they feed, the three-day festival is a family-friendly event that

allows visitors to step into the local fishing culture. Then cheer on the locals in the Fish House Olympics, where competitions include the fish catching, fish packing and netcasting. Friday night is the festival’s opening party, where you can enjoy local foods, all while listening to local artists perform.

Outer Banks Taste of the Beach

The festival gives visitors four days to celebrate the independent restaurant culture of the Outer Banks in more than 70 events over the weekend. Customize your journey with beer castings, wine classes, restaurant tours, cooking classes and BBQ competitions. Tickets for the next Taste go on sale in December.

Wings over Water Wildlife Festival

The festival connects visitors with many outdoor adventures. Bird watchers will be impressed with the more than 300 species of birds, and there is a variety of other wildlife to enjoy while taking boat or canoe tours, nature photography lessons or hiking trips. There are over 70 tours and classes over six days, so be sure to make reservations ahead of time and schedule no more than 2 trips a day.

Triple S Invitational

The Triple S Invitational — which stands for Surf, Slicks and Sliders — started in 2006 in Cape Hatteras. This event draws world-class kiteboarders from over a dozen countries to compete in ten events throughout the first week in June as more than 10,000 people watch. Make sure to check out the competitions on the world’s largest slider park for kiteboarding.

1. What can tourists do at Outer Banks Seafood Festival?

A. Sing with many local artists.

B. Perform at the opening party.

C. Experience the local fishers’ life.

D. Join in the competition of fish catching.

2. What does the author suggest to visitors to Wings over Water Wildlife Festival?

A. Buying the tickets online.

B. Hunting for birds in the tour.

C. Booking tours in advance.

D. Learning boating before going there.

3. Which festival lasts the longest?

A. Triple S Invitational.

B. Outer Banks Seafood Festival.

C. Outer Banks Taste of the Beach.

D. Wings over Water Wildlife Festival.

【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在北卡罗莱纳州的Outer Banks举办的一些活动的情况。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中Designed to bring fishermen closer to the people they feed, the three-day festival is a

family-friendly event that allows visitors to step into the local fishing culture.可知，为了让渔民更接近他们所喂养的人们，为期三天的节日是一个家庭友好的活动，允许游客进入当地的渔业文化。由此可知，游客在外滩海鲜节可以做体验当地渔民的生活。故选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中There are over 70 tours and classes over six days, so be sure to make reservations ahead of time and schedule no more than 2 trips a day.可知，有超过70个旅行团和超过6天的课程，所以一定要提前预定，每天安排不超过2次旅行。由此可知，作者建议参加水上野生动物节的游客要提前预订旅游。故选C。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中This event draws world-class kiteboarders from over a dozen countries to compete in ten events throughout the first week in June as more than 10,000 people watch.可知，这项赛事吸引了来自十多个国家的世界级风筝滑板选手，他们将在六月的第一周参加十项赛事，届时将有超过一万人观看比赛。由此可知，Triple S Invitational持续的时间为一周，是四个活动中持续时间最长的。故选A。

B

Sneha Sharma got her flying and racing licenses before she was licensed to drive. It wasn’t easy as Sneha had to battle with her family and societal set ideas to walk on what was seen as an unconventional career path.

Sneha was 16 when she realized that winning in racing was not just fun, but her dream. The same year, after performance in city-level races, she was selected by the national racing team. But she soon ran into a huge roadblock: her parents didn’t approve of her passion. They wanted her to focus on academics because they considered racing dangerous. However, that did not block the young girl. "I would hide my helmet into my bag. I also carried my books everywhere as I told myself that studies were also a preference along with racing. I would study on the tracks, bus, and anytime possible,” she says.

Sneha went on to do well in her exams, and came out with flying colors at the national-level racing. But getting to this point wasn't easy. A normal day involved a lot of hustle (忙碌喧嚣). After attending class, she would catch a train at 3 p. m. for her pilot training. Time permitting, she would then，to the racing track which would often be open till 9 p. m. All this hustle was at the age of 16, and prepared her to get up to speed for a busy life. In 2007, she went to San Francisco for flying classes. A year later, she joined Indigo Airlines to fly Airbus 320. That very year, she emerged as one of the drivers in the top five at the Mercedes Young Star driver programme.

At the end of 2019, Sneha, 29, a brand ambassador, has her 2020 calendar charted out. Clearly, her hard work has put her career at the top speed!

4. What did Sneha’s parents think of her dream?

A. Distinctive.

B. Independent.

C. Rewarding.

D. Nontraditional.

5. What was Sneha’s opinion on academics?

A. Academics was as important as racing.

B. Academics ranked the first in her mind.

C. Academics was less valuable than racing.

D. Academics could be abandoned for racing.

6. When did Sneha begin piloting a passenger airplane?

A. In 2007.

B. In her twenties.

C. At the age of 16.

D. When she was 18.

7. Which of the following can best describe Sneha?

A. Stubborn.

B. Fortunate.

C. Struggling.

D. Uncontrollable.

【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。Sneha Sharma在获得驾驶执照之前就拿到了飞行和赛车执照，虽然她的家人并不认同她的选择，但她还是为自己的梦想不写努力奋斗，最终她的努力工作使她的事业达到了顶峰。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中It wasn’t easy as Sneha had to battle with her family and societal set ideas to walk on what was seen as an unconventional career path.可知，这并不容易，因为Sneha不得不与她的家庭和社会观念斗争，走在被视为非传统的职业道路上。由此可知，Sneha的父母认为她的梦想非传统。故选D。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中I also carried my books everywhere as I told myself that studies were also a preference along with racing.可知，我也随身带着我的书，因为我告诉自己，学习和赛跑一样是我的爱好。由此可知，Sneha认为学术和比赛一样重要。故选A。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中All this hustle was at the age of 16, and prepared her to get up to speed for a busy life. In 2007, she went to San Francisco for flying classes. A year later, she joined Indigo Airlines to fly Airbus 320.可知，她在16岁的时候就开始了这种忙碌的生活，并为以后的忙碌生活做好了准备。2007年，她去旧金山上飞行课。一年后，她加入了Indigo航空公司，驾驶空客320。由此可知，Sneha18岁的时候开始驾驶客机的。故选D。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中Clearly, her hard work has put her career at the top speed!可知，显然，她的努力工作使她的事业达到了顶峰！结合文章内容Sneha为自己的梦想不懈努力和奋斗，由此可推知，Sneha是个努力的人。故选C。

C

Around the world, banana plants are dying at an alarming rate. They are being attacked by a form of Panama disease called Tropical Race 4 (TR4). TR4 is a fungus (真菌) that lives in soil. It infects banana plants through the roots and moves i nto the stems where it prevents water and nutrition from reaching the plants’ leaves. The plants turn yellow, and then they dry up and die.

Farmers, experts, and industry leaders have feared that TR4 would hit Latin America and the Caribbean, where about 85% of bananas exported worldwide are grown. On August 8, 2019, those fears came true. Colombia declared a national emergency as cases of TR4 were confirmed at six banana farms in the country. It can take six months to a year for farmers to spot TR4 in a field of banana plants. By then, it's hard to treat the disease. Farmers can only try to keep it from spreading. But TR4 spreads easily with increased human transportation, travel, and trade, from plant to plant and from farm to farm.

Part of the problem is that 99% of bananas exported are of the same variety: Cavendish. This is helpful for the banana industry to grow more bananas when they grow only one kind, which means they can make more money. But a lack of diversity is not good for nature. All Cavendish bananas are genetically the same, so, when a disease such as TR4 strikes, they are all equally vulnerable. This isn't the first time in history that bananas have been in danger. Before the 1950s,nearly all the bananas grown for export were of one variety: Gros Michel. Then Panama disease hit. The banana industry needed a replacement, so it turned to a different type of banana: Cavendish, which was resistant to Panama disease. Even if we find a way to resolve today' s banana crisis (危机), could history repeat itself, yet again, in decades to come?

8. How does TR4 kill banana plants?

A. It destroys the roots of banana plants.

B. It eats up banana plants’ stems and leaves.

C. It consumes all nutrition for banana plants.

D. It blocks the banana plants’ nutrition transport.

9. What is the most basic in fighting TR4?

A. Finding TR4 as soon as possible.

B. Keeping Cavendish from spreading.

C. Developing new medicines for TR4.

D. Planting varieties of fruits besides bananas.

10. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Very resistant.

B. Easily hurt.

C. Quite safe.

D. Hardly productive.

11. What can we know about growing bananas from the text?

A. Most exported bananas are grown in North America.

B. Almost all exported bananas are Cavendish bananas.

C. Cavendish bananas aren’t resistant to Panama disease.

D. Gros Michel will replace Cavendish as exported bananas.

【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。在世界各地，香蕉植物正在以惊人的速度死亡。它们正遭受一种巴拿马疾病的攻击，这种疾病被称为TR4。文章说明了TR4对拉丁美洲和加勒比地区香蕉种植地的影响，以及说明了导致香蕉处于危险之中的原因，和历史上香蕉曾面临过的危机。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中It infects banana plants through the roots and moves into the stems where it prevents water and nutrition from reaching the plants’ leaves. The plants turn yellow, and then they dry up and die.可知，它通过根部感染香蕉植物，并进入茎部，在那里它阻止水分和营养到达植物的叶子。植物变黄，然后枯萎死亡。由此可知，TR4阻碍了香蕉植物的营养运输，从而杀死了香蕉植物。故选D。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中It can take six months to a year for farmers to spot TR4 in a field of banana plants. By then, it's hard to treat the disease.可知，农民们需要6个月到一年的时间才能在一片香蕉地里发现TR4。到那时，就很难治疗这种疾病了。由此可知，对抗TR4最基本的是尽快找到TR4。故选A。

【10题详解】

词义猜测题。根据上文But a lack of diversity is not good for nature. All Cavendish bananas are genetically the same, so, when a disease such as TR4 strikes, they are all equally可知，缺乏多样性对自然是不利的。所有Cavendish 香蕉的基因都是一样的，所以当TR4这样的疾病来袭时，它们都同样脆弱。故划线单词意思为“脆弱的，容易受伤害的”。故选B。

【11题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Part of the problem is that 99% of bananas exported are of the same variety: Cavendish.可知，在问题的部分原因在于，出口的香蕉99%都是同一品种：Cavendish香蕉，这种香蕉能抵抗巴拿马病。由此可知，几乎所有出口的香蕉都是Cavendish香蕉。故选B。

【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为

①定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that’s to say, such as等。

②逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since, because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。

③语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。

④语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。

如第3小题，根据上文But a lack of diversity is not good for nature. All Cavendish bananas are genetically the same, so, when a disease such as TR4 strikes , they are all equally可知，缺乏多样性对自然是不利的。所有Cavendish 香蕉的基因都是一样的，所以当TR4这样的疾病来袭时，它们都同样脆弱。故划线单词意思为“脆弱的，容易受伤害的”，故选B。

D

A new study found the greater the improvement in people’s handwashing hab its at airports, the more noticeable the effect on slowing the infectious (传染的) diseases, including the flu. The findings were published in late December, 2019, just before the recent coronavirus (冠状病毒) outbreak, but the study' s authors say that its results would apply to any such disease and are relevant to the present outbreak.

People can be surprisingly casual about washing their hands, even in crowded locations like airports where people from many different locations are touching surfaces such as chair armrests, check-in entrances, security checkpoint trays, and restroom doorknobs and taps. On average, only about 20 percent of people at airports have clean hands. The others are potentially polluting everything they touch with whatever infections they may be carrying.

Improving handwashing at all of the world's airports to be three times that rate, so that 60 percent of travelers have clean hands at any given time, would have the greatest effect, potentially slowing global disease spread by almost 70 percent, the researchers found. Adopting such measures at so many airports and reaching such a high level of obedience may be impractical, but the new study suggests that it could potentially be accomplished through education, posters, public announcements, and perhaps improving access to handwashing facilities. It could slow the global rate of the spread of a disease by about 24 percent, they found.

The findings are consistent with recommendations made by both the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and the

World Health Organization. Both have indicated that hand hygiene (卫生) is the most efficient and cost-effective way

to control disease spread. While both organizations say that other measures can also play a useful role in limiting

disease spread, such as use of surgical face masks, airport closures, and travel limitations, hand hygiene is still the

first line of defense-and an easy one for individuals to implement.

12. What is most people’s attitude to handwashing?

A.Favorable.

B. Careless.

C. Doubtful.

D. Cautious. 13. What did the study suggest on increasing handwashing rate at airports? A. Establishing higher hygiene standards. B. Making handwashing fun and enjoyable. C. Passing special laws to require handwashing. D. Raising people's awareness of handwashing. 14. Why does the author mention the World Health Organization? A. To introduce other measures. B. To stress the importance of it. C. To tell who carried out the study. D. To make the study results more convincing. 15. What is the text mainly about? A. People have many good habits at airports. B. Handwashing reduces infectious diseases. C. New coronavirus is breaking out. D. There is great improvement in handwashing. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 【解析】

这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，人们在机场洗手的习惯改善得越好，在减缓包括流感在内的传染病

方面的效果就越显著。平均而言，在机场只有20%的人有干净的双手，研究人员发现，将全球所有机场的

洗手率提高到上述水平的三倍，有可能将全球疾病传播速度降低近70%，会使一种疾病的全球传播速度降

低约24%。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中People can be surprisingly casual about washing their hands, even in crowded locations

like airports where people from many different locations are touching surfaces such as chair armrests, check-in entrances, security checkpoint trays, and restroom doorknobs and taps.可知，人们在洗手时出奇地随意，即使在拥挤的地方，比如机场，来自不同地方的人会接触到椅子扶手、登记入口、安全检查站托盘、卫生间门把手和水龙头。由此可知，大多数人对洗手的态度是粗心的。故选B。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中Adopting such measures at so many airports and reaching such a high level of obedience may be impractical, but the new study suggests that it could potentially be accomplished through education，posters, public announcements, and perhaps improving access to handwashing facilities.可知，在如此多的机场采取这样的措施，并达到如此高的服从程度可能是不切实际的，但新的研究表明，这可能通过教育、海报、公共公告，或许还可以改善使用洗手设施的机会来实现。由此可知，这项研究对提高机场的洗手率的建议是提高人们的洗手意识。故选D。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中The findings are consistent with recommendations made by both the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization. Both have indicated that hand hygiene is the most efficient and cost-effective way to control disease spread.可知，研究结果与美国疾病控制中心和世界卫生组织的建议一致。这两项研究都表明，手卫生是控制疾病传播最有效和最具成本效益的方法。由此可推知，作者提到世界卫生组织是为了使研究结果更有说服力。故选D。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段中A new study found the greater the improvement in people’s handwashing habits at airports, the more noticeable the effect on slowing the infectious diseases, including the flu.可知，一项新的研究发现，人们在机场洗手的习惯改善得越好，在减缓包括流感在内的传染病方面的效果就越显著。结合文章还说明了平均而言，在机场只有20%的人有干净的双手，研究人员发现，将全球所有机场的洗手率提高到上述水平的三倍，有可能将全球疾病传播速度降低近70%，会使一种疾病的全球传播速度降低约24%。由此可知，这篇课文主要讲了勤洗手可减少传染病。故选B。

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Keep Your Fridge Clean and Organized

Food used to disappear regularly in my fridge. I didn’t see it again until a bad smell gave out.____16____I have learned over the years that, in order to avoid this sad fate, a refrigerator must be kept clean and organized. I’d like to share some basic fridge organization ways here.

____17____Foods last for different lengths of time, depending on what they are. Nonperishable (不易腐烂的) food is suitable for the door shelves, which are the warmest part of the fridge. Perishable food should be kept at the bottom, closest to the back of the fridge, where it’s coldest.

Think about cross-pollution. If you eat raw meat, you should keep it separate from everything else. The rule in restaurants is to store it on the bottom so that, if there’s a leak, nothing below can get polluted.____18____ Stay on top of leftovers.____19____.Newly packed food should, in the back and food that needs to be eaten sooner moves to the front. Store in glass containers if possible, so you can see what’s there, or label with a marker pen.

____20____Everyone has their go-to foods that get used more frequently than others. Make these easy to reach to save time looking and minimize the amount of time the fridge doors are open. For example, I use a lot of canned tomatoes in cooking, so I always keep them in a location easy to remember for the next recipe. My family keeps milk in the door only because the kids drink it so quickly and they need to be able to reach it easily.

A. Think about your own cooking style.

B.Don’t let the fridge get out of control.

C. By then it was hardly recognizable.

D. I made up a phrase “FIFO: first in, first out.”

E. Think about shelf life and organize accordingly.

F. You can keep track of what you have without opening the door.

G. You could also put meat into special drawers and clean them regularly. 【答案】16. C 17. E 18. G 19. D 20. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何保持冰箱整洁有序提出了一些参考建议。【16题详解】根据上文Food used to disappear regularly in my fridge. I didn’t see it again until a bad smell gave out.可知，食物

过去经常会在我的冰箱里消失。直到一股难闻的气味散发出来，我才再次看到它。由此可知，作者冰箱里的食物要到腐坏了，散发出味道时作者才会再次看见，但那时食物已经坏了认不出了。故C选项“到那时几乎已经认不出来了”符合上下文语境，故选C。

【17题详解】

根据后文Foods last for different lengths of time, depending on what they are. Nonperishable food is suitable for the door shelves, which are the warmest part of the fridge. Perishable food should be kept at the bottom, closest to the

back of the fridge, where it’s coldest.可知，食物可以保存不同的时间，这取决于它们是什么。不易腐坏的食物适合放在冰箱最温暖的门架上。易腐烂的食物应该放在最底部，最靠近冰箱最冷的地方。由此可知，本段讲的是要根据食物的保质期长短来决定它们在冰箱里的位置。故E选项“考虑一下保质期，并相应地组织起来”符合上下文语境，故选E。

【18题详解】

根据上文If you eat raw meat, you should keep it separate from everything else. The rule in restaurants is to store it on the bottom so that, if there' a a leak, nothing below can get polluted.可知，如果你吃生肉，你应该把它和其他东西分开。餐馆的规矩是把肉储存在底部，这样，如果有泄漏，下面的东西就不会被污染。由此可知，本句承接上文继续说明如何存储肉类，建议把肉放在特殊的抽屉里，定期清洗。故G选项“你也可以把肉放在特殊的抽屉里，定期清洗”符合上下文语境，故选G。

【19题详解】

根据后文Newly packed food should in the back and food that needs to be eaten sooner moves to the front.可知，新包装的食物应该放在后面，需要尽快吃的食物应该放在前面。由此可知，此处作者有了自己关于吃剩食物的规则。故D选项“我编了一个短语‘FIFO：先进先出’”符合上下文语境，故选D。

【20题详解】

根据后文Everyone has their go-to foods that get used more frequently than others.可知，每个人都有自己的比别人用得更频繁的首选食物。由此可知，此处强调是总结自己的烹饪风格，以此来安排食物的位置。故A选项“想想你自己的烹饪风格”符合上下文语境，故选A。

第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A cool evening in spring, I was just finishing the dinner dishes when the phone rang. I struggled to place the familiar voice and____21____who was on the other end of the line. She stated that she needed to____22____to me. I____23____realized she was Janet.

Twenty years earlier, it was only my second year of____24____. Janet’s daughter, Stephanie,

had____25____other girls in the classroom, and I had made her stay in at____26____. I was kind

and____27____when I carried out her punishment, but she clearly didn’t l ike being____28____. She told her mother, and Janet felt the need to____29____her child. She flew into my classroom and_____30_____me of everything from being unfair to playing favorites to not caring about my students. Her words devastated (使悲痛欲绝) me because none of the things she blamed me for were_____31_____. I_____32_____and cried. Moreover, her attitude

had_____33_____influences on some of the other parents. I had once felt such_____34_____teaching my kids, but now I felt like I was under a microscope in my classroom. I began to_____35_____my ability and even my own heart.

I was_____36_____. Despite how her mother had treated me, I knew I would discipline Stephanie again if she didn’t_____37_____herself.

I’ve now learned to process_____38_____much more quickly, accepting what’s true, dismissing what’s not, and moving on with my mission in life. It____39____me that how much courage this lady had to make this call. Her apology truly was a(n)_____40_____blessing.

21. A. put down B. figure out C. send away D. call up

22. A. object B. respond C. apologize D. turn

23. A. naturally B. suddenly C. gradually D. constantly

24. A. teaching B. training C. nursing D. volunteering

25. A. consulted B. teased C. entertained D. coached

26. A. home B. table C. work D. break

27. A. generous B. proud C. modest D. fair

28. A. beaten B. ignored C. blamed D. interrupted

29. A. relax B. defend C. motivate D. forgive

30. A. accused B. informed C. reminded D. warned

31. A. true B. certain C. serious D. secret

32. A. gave in B. calm down C. broke down D. turned up

33. A. positive B. pleasant C. awful D. random

34. A. tension B. joy C. disappointment D. shame

35. A. challenge B. appreciate C. doubt D. recognize

36. A. valuable B. curious C. nervous D. painful

37. A. behave B. prepare C. seat D. enjoy

38. A. criticism B. request C. instruction D. suggestion

39. A. surprised B. excited C. scared D. moved

40. A. desired B. unfinished C. shared D. unexpected

【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31.

A 32. C 33. C 34.

B 35.

C 36.

D 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. D

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者20年前因为惩罚了一个戏弄同学学生，而受到了学生家长Janet

的无端指责，作者一度很痛苦，而20年后Janet主动打电话给作者道歉，让作者很感动的故事。

【21题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：我挣扎着听出那个熟悉的声音，想弄清楚电话的另一端是谁。A. put down放下；

B. figure out弄清楚，理解；

C. send away发送；

D. call up召集。结合上文I struggled to place the familiar voice 可知，作者听着声音熟悉，想弄清楚对方是谁。故选B。

【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她需要向我道歉。A. object反对；B. respond回答；C. apologize道歉；D. turn 转弯。根据后文Her apology可知，打电话来是为了给作者道歉的。故选C。

【23题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：我突然意识到她就是Janet。A. naturally自然地；B. suddenly突然；C. gradually 逐步地；D. constantly不断地。作者一开始不知道对方到底是谁，对方说需要给作者道歉后，作者才突然意识到对方是自己一个学生的家长。故选B。

【24题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：20年前是我执教的第二年。A. teaching教授；B. training训练；C. nursing看护；

D. volunteering自愿做。根据后文teaching my kids可知，20年前是作者执教的第二年。故选A。

【25题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：Janet的女儿Stephanie在课堂上戏弄其他女孩，而我在课间休息时让她待在教室里。A. consulted咨询；B. teased取笑；C. entertained娱乐；D. coached训练。根据后文when I carried out her punishment可知，因为Stephanie在课堂上戏弄其他女孩，作者惩罚了她。故选B。

【26题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：Janet的女儿Stephanie在课堂上戏弄其他女孩，而我在课间休息时让她待在教室里。A. home家；B. table桌子；C. work工作；D. break休息。根据上文I had made her stay可知，因为Stephanie 在课堂上戏弄其他女孩，所以作者选择在课间休息时让她待在教室里。故选D。

【27题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我对她进行惩罚时，我是善良和公平的，但她显然不喜欢被指责。A. generous 大方的；B. proud自豪的；C. modest谦虚的；D. fair公平地。作者对Stephanie的惩罚是出于善意和公平的，故选D。

【28题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我对她进行惩罚时，我是善良和公平的，但她显然不喜欢被指责。A. beaten 打败；B. ignored忽视；C. blamed谴责；D. interrupted打断。结合上文when I carried out her punishment可知，Stephanie显然不喜欢被人指责，于是回家告诉了妈妈。故选C。

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉了母亲，Janet觉得有必要保护她的孩子。A. relax放松；B. defend保护，防护；C. motivate刺激；D. forgive原谅。结合后文Janet跑到教室里指责作者可知，Janet觉得有必要保护她的孩子。故选B。

【30题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她飞奔到我的教室，指责我的一切，从不公平、偏心到不关心我的学生。A. accused 指责，控告；B. informed通知；C. reminded提醒；D. warned警告。结合后文everything from being unfair to playing favorites to not caring about my students可知，Janet指责作者不公平、偏心到不关心学生。短语accuse sb. of sth.“指责某人某事”。故选A。

【31题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的话让我崩溃了，因为她责备我的事情没有一件是真的。A. true真实的；

B. certain必然的；

C. serious严肃的；

D. secret秘密的。根据上文Her words devastated me可知，Janet指责作者的事情没有一件是真的，这让作者崩溃。故选A。

【32题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：我崩溃了，哭了。A. gave in屈服；B. calm down冷静；C. broke down崩溃，出故障；D. turned up出现。结合后文and cried可知，作者受到Janet无端的指责，崩溃哭泣。故选C。

【33题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，她的态度也对其他一些家长有糟糕的影响。A. positive积极的；B. pleasant 令人愉快的；C. awful糟糕的，可怕的；D. random随意的。Janet冲到教室无端指责作者的行为，肯定也会对其他家长产生糟糕的影响。故选C。

【34题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾经觉得教我的孩子是如此的快乐，但是现在我觉得我在教室里就像在显微镜下一样。A. tension紧张；B. joy快乐；C. disappointment失望；D. shame羞愧。but表示转折，说明作者曾经觉得教孩子是如此的快乐。故选B。

【35题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始怀疑自己的能力，甚至怀疑自己的心。A. challenge挑战；B. appreciate欣赏；C. doubt怀疑；D. recognize认出。因为Janet的行为，作者开始怀疑自己的能力，甚至怀疑自己的心。故选C。

【36题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很痛苦。A. valuable有价值的；B. curious好奇的；C. nervous紧张的；D. painful 痛苦的。在这种情况下，作者肯定是十分痛苦的。故选D。

考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管她母亲如何对待我，我知道如果Stephanie不听话，我会再次惩罚她。A. behave 举止端正，表现；B. prepare准备；C. seat就座；D. enjoy欣赏。此处考查短语behave oneself表示“听话，守规矩”。故选A。

【38题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在已经学会了更快地处理批评，接受真实的东西，摒弃不真实的东西，继续完成我的人生使命。A. criticism批评；B. request请求；C. instruction指令；D. suggestion建议。Janet指责作者的行为是一种批评，而作者学会了更快地处理批评了。故选A。

【39题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位女士做出这个决定的勇气让我感动。A. surprised使惊奇；B. excited激动的；

C. scared使害怕；

D. moved感动。20年后Janet还能打电话给作者道歉，作者对此很感动。故选D。

【40题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的道歉确实是意想不到的祝福。A. desired渴望的；B. unfinished未完成的；

C. shared共享的；

D. unexpected意外的。Janet给作者道歉的事情作者并未预料到，故是意想不到的祝福。故选D。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。

On Monday, millions of people in Ethiopia planted more than 350 million trees in 12 hours.

The____41____(origin) goal had been to plant 200 million trees that day. The event was part of____42____country’s Green Legacy Initiative (绿色遗产计划). It is designed____43____(decrease) the effects of deforestation (滥伐) and climate change in the East African country.

According to the United Nations, Ethiopia’s forest coverage was 35% in the early 20th century but it is just above 4% now. The Green Legacy Initiative’s goal is to plant 4 billion trees in Ethiopia this year. So far, about 2.6 billion____44____(plant). Other countries and groups have taken similar efforts. In 2017, volunteers in India planted 66 million trees in 12 hours. Australia plans to plant a billion trees____45____2030. The African Union, a group of 55 African countries,____46____(be) building a “Great Green Wall” of trees to stop the spread of the Sahara desert.

____47____(recent), Swiss scientists released a new report in the journal Science,____48____(say) that planting 1.2 trillion trees around the world could help absorb carbon emissions,____49____pollute the air. Trees use carbon dioxide to grow and store the carbon in their_____50_____(leaf). This removes it from the air.

【答案】41. original

42. the 43. to decrease

44. have been planted

45. by/before

46. is 47. Recently

48. saying 49. which

50. leaves

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。说明了周一，埃塞俄比亚数百万人在12小时内种植了超过3.5亿棵树。该活动是该国绿色遗产计划的一部分。该项目旨在减少这个东非国家森林砍伐和气候变化的影响。绿色遗产计划的目标是今年在埃塞俄比亚种植40亿棵树。

【41题详解】

考查形容词。修饰后文名词goal，应用形容词original，表示“最初的”。故填original。

【42题详解】

考查冠词。此处后文country’s Green Legacy Initiative名词词组为特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。

【43题详解】

考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，decrease在句中应用非谓语动词形式做状语，且此处表目的应用不定式。故填to decrease。

【44题详解】

考查动词时态语态。根据上文So far，可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，主语为2.6 billion，助动词用have。故填have been planted。

【45题详解】

考查介词。句意：澳大利亚计划在2030年前种植10亿棵树。结合句意表示“到……之前”应用介词by/before。故填by/before。

【46题详解】

考查主谓一致。本句主语为The African Union，表示目前正在进行应用现在进行时，故谓语动词用单数。故填is。

【47题详解】

考查副词。修饰后文整个句子，应用副词recently，表示“最近”。故填Recently。

【48题详解】

考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，say在句中为非谓语动词形式做状语，与逻辑主语report构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填saying。

【49题详解】

考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词carbon emissions，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。

【50题详解】

考查名词的数。leaf为可数名词，根据上文their可知，应用复数形式。故填leaves。

【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。

第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

The Wangs, the family of five, are our neighbors. It has been seven years since they have moved here. The oldest of the family is the grandma. She is over seventy but her hearing is poor. So you talk to her, you have to speak loud than usual. Mr. and Mrs. Wang have two twin daughters. Although I had known them for seven years, yet it is difficult for me to tell one from the others. The Wangs are particular warm-hearted. It seems that they are always ready to help whomever is in need. I am glad I have so good neighbors.

【答案】1.the→a

2.去掉moved前的have

3.but→and

4.So后添加if/when

5.loud→louder

6.had→have

7.others→other

8.particular→particularly

9.whomever→whoever

10.so→such

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者一家五口的邻居——王家的情况。

【详解】1.考查冠词。此处泛指“一家五口”的家庭应用不定冠词，且family为辅音音素开头的单词。故the 改为a。

2.考查动词时态。根据上文It has been seven years since可知，since表示“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句时，则其前面的主句用现在完成时，其后的从句用一般过去时。故去掉moved前的have。

3.考查连词。句意：她七十多岁了，听力很差。结合句意可知，上下文为承接关系应用连词and。故but改为and。

4.考查连接词。此处可理解为条件状语从句，表示“如果你和她说话”应用if引导；也可理解为时间状语从句，表示“当你和她说话时”应用when引导。故So后添加if/when。

5.考查比较级。根据后文than usual可知，应用形容词比较级louder。故loud改为louder。

6.考查动词时态。根据后文for seven years可知，表示过去发生的动作持续了一段时间到现在应用现在完成时。故had改为have。

7.考查代词。此处表示特指“两个中的另一个”，应用the other。故others改为other。

8.考查副词。修饰后文形容词warm-hearted，应用副词particularly，表示“特别”。故particular改为particularly。

9.考查连接词。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁”应用whoever引导。故whomever改为whoever。

10.考查形容词。此处so为副词修饰动词，修饰名词neighbors，应用形容词such。故so改为such。

【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：

一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句；

二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）；

三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。

如第九小题，此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁”应用whoever引导。故whomever改为whoever。

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