英语句子结构分析
一．主语：主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1．名词作主语。如：A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。)
Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)
2．代词用作主语。如：You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。
He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑
3．数词用作主语。如：Three is enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。
4．名词化的形容词用作主语。
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。
5．副词用作主语。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
Carefully does it. 小心就行。
6．名词化的介词作主语。如：The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.
我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
7．不定式用作主语。如：To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again.
如能见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。
8．动名词用作主语。如：Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.
看电影是乐事，制作影片则是苦事。
9．名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money.
残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
The deceased died of old age.
死者死于年老。
10. 介词短语用作主语。如：To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.
从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。
11.从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.
你无论什么时候准备好都行。
Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to.
不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。
12.句子用作主语。如：”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。
二．谓语
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。
1．由简单的动词构成。
(1). What happened? 发生了什么事？
(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。
(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。
2．由动词短语构成的谓语。
(1). I am reading. 我在看书。
(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着？
(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。
3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如：
(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了swam）
(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（take a look 代替了look）
(3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。（gave a sigh 代替了sighed）
(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。（a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)）
三．表语
表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构钟，联系动词只是形式上的谓语，二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。1．The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。（名词）
2．So that’s that. 就是这样。（代词）
3．We are seven. 我们一共7人。（数词）
4．Are you busy? 你有空吗？（形容词）
5．Are you there? 你在听吗？（电话用语）（副词）
Is anybody in? 里面有人吗？（副词）
6．All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。（不定式）
My answer to his threat（威胁）was to hit him on the nose.
我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。（不定式）
7．Complimenting（赞美，祝贺）is lying. 恭维就是说谎。（动名词）
Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗？（动名词）
8．I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。（过分）
I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。（过分）
9．She is in good health. 她很健康。（介词短语）
The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。（介词短语）
10．Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗？（从句）
11．This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。（从句）
补充：
能做系动词的实义动词：
come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词)
fell，sound ,smell , look , taste （感观动词）
seem, appear (似乎，好像)
例如：
1．Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。（Come后常加easy ,loose natural 等）
2. He fell sick. 他病了。
Keep fit.保重。
Keep作为系动词还常接quiet ，calm ，cool，well，warm ，silent，clean，dry
3．The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。（short , loose , wild , cold 等）
4．A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.
一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些。
四．宾语
宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如：
Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。
可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。
1．Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗？（名词）
2．They won’t hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。（代词）
3．If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。（数词）。
4．I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。（名词化形容词）
5．He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。（副词）
6．Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗？（不定式）
7．He never did the unexpected(想不到的，意外的).
他从不做使人感到意外的事。（名词化的分词）
8．Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？（从句）
扩展：
宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物（多指人），具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb), 常用的有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等，间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。如：I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。
五．补语
补语（complement）是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语（subject complement）,补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语（object complement）.
(1). 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困，就去睡了。
有时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。如：
The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings.
那人不可置疑地残酷，不听取他们的恳求。
(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
1.They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。（名词用作并与补语）
2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.
我的母亲面很嫩，你会以为她是我的姐姐（名词短语作宾语补语）
3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。（形容词用作宾语补语）
3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。（形容词短语用作宾补）
4.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover.
同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。（不定式用作宾语补语）
5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。（动名作宾补
6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。
六．定语
定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。
1．形容词用作定语是大量的。
（1）. She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。
（2）. He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。（后置定语）
2. 名词用作定语。如
（1）. A baby girl 女婴
（2）. well water 井水
(3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车
（4）. A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂
2．代词作定语。
（1）. Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。（物主代词用作定语）
（2）. Everybody’s business is nobody’s bu siness. 人人负责就是无人负责。
（不定代词所有格作定语）
3．数词作定语
（1）. There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。
（2）. Do it now, you may not get a second chance.
现在就干吧，你可能再没有机会了。
基数词用作后置定语：page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
4. 副词充当定语时常后置，如：
the room above 楼上的房间the world today 今日世界
the way out 出路a day off 休息日
5．不定式用作定语
（1）. Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。
（2）. That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。
6．动名词用作定语.
A walking stick 拐杖sleeping pills 安眠药
eating implements 吃饭用具learning method 学习方法
7．分词充当定语
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩a drinking man 嗜酒者
a retired worker 一个退休工人a faded flower 一朵谢了的花
7．介词短语用作定语。
（1）. This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。
（2）. The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.
他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。
8．从句用作定语，即定语从句
The car that’s parked outsi de is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.
我在外面看见你的汽车了，它给另一辆车撞了。
七．同谓语
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同谓语（appositive）.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。
1．名词用作同谓语是大量的。
（1）. We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子，一男一女。
（2）We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。
2．代词用作同谓语。
（1）。They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他。
（2）。Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧。
3．数词用作同谓语。
（1）。Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗？
（2）。They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了，我们三个留了下来。
4．不定式与动名词用作同谓语。
（1）。Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。
（2）。The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.
第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。
5．Of 短语用作同谓语
The city of Rome 罗马城the art of writing 写作艺术
The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好
6．从句用同谓语，即同谓语重句
（1）。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放假的消息不确。
（2）。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。
八．状语
状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。。如：
1．The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。
2．可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
（1）。副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。
He speaks the language badly but read it well.
这种语言，他讲得不好，但阅读能力很强。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.
当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。
3．状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等（1）。时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句中
Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
In China now leads the world.
(2).地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。
There are plenty of fish in the sea.
She kissed her mother on the platform(月台).
（3）。原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。
Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job.
I eat potatoes because I like them.
(4). 结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。
She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.
She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
(5). 目的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示，常位于句末，强调时可以置于句首。
He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.
(6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。
We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.
If he were to come, what should we say to him?
(7). 让步状语，由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。
For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. 他尽管有钱，但似乎并不幸福。
H e helped me although he didn’t know me.
(8).程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。
The lecture is very interesting.
To what extent would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何？
（9）。伴随状语，常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。
My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.
He stood there ,pipe(烟斗) in mouth.
英语句子成分讲解
一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in. (副词)
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/652860763.html,/a/201201/42986.html
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
三、宾语：
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China. (名词)
He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容词)
We found nobody in. (副词)
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
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Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
五、主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/652860763.html,
六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world. (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
英语句子成分分析相关练习
分析下列句子的句子结构
1. we are working.。
2. I can swim very well.
3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.
4. Why does the wind blow.
5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.
6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.
8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.
9. I have a lot of clothes to wash.
10. He gave his son some advice on reading.
11. Read me the first paragraph.
12. I’ve ordered some soup for you.
13. He began leaning English ten years ago.
14. My being late worried my teacher.
15. The president himself would visit our school.
16. April fool’Day is the special day of the year
17. He usually takes a nap after lunch.
18. I got it back at once.
19. He finished lunch and went into the garden.
20. The telephone rang.
21. We study hard.
22. His father might have died.
23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed
24. Can you make the dog stand still?
25. The landlord had them working day and night.
26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.
27. We all breathe, eat, and drink.
28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning.
29. The book weighs five kilos.
30. They will be flying to London.
综合练习一答案
分析下列句子的句子结构
1. We are working.
我们在工作。主系表
2. I can swim very well.
我游泳泳地很好。主谓
3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.
那个使者给我了一瓶啤酒。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
4. Why does the wind blow?
风为什么会吹？主谓
5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.
雨已经下了一整天了。主谓
6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。主谓宾
7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.
吉姆请我把他的最好的祝愿带给每个人。主谓宾补
8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.
到明天为止你一定要把小车准备好。主谓宾补
9. I have a lot of clothes to wash.
我有许多的衣服需要洗。主谓宾，to wash做clothes的定语
10. He gave his son some advice on reading.
他在阅读方面给了他的儿子一些建议。主谓双宾
11. Read me the first paragraph.
给我读第一段。主谓双宾
12. I’ve ordered some soup for you.
我已经为你要了一些汤。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
13. He began leaning English ten years ago.
十年前他开始学英语。主谓宾
14. My being late worried my teacher.
我的迟到让我的老师很担心。主谓宾，动名词短语My being late做主语
15. The president himself would visit our school.
总统将亲自参观我们的学校。主谓宾
16. April fool’Day is the special day of the year
愚人节是一年中很特别的一天。主系表
17. He usually takes a nap after lunch.
他通常在午饭之后要小睡一会儿。主谓宾
18. I got it back at once.
我马上把它取回。主谓宾
19. He finished lunch and went into the garden.
他吃完午饭后去了花园。主+并列谓语
20. The telephone rang.
电话响了。主谓
21. We study hard.
我们努力学习。主谓
22. His father might have died.
他的父亲可能已经去世了。主谓
23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed?
你要把门开着？主谓宾补
24. Can you make the dog stand still?
你能让那只狗站着不动吗？主谓宾补
25. The landlord had them working day and night.
地主让他们整天工作，主谓宾补
26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing. 扎实的语法知识对于写作是重要的。主系表
27. We all breathe, eat， and drink.
我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。主谓
28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning。
我在早上6点钟起床。主谓
29. The book weighs five kilos.
那本书重达10斤。主谓，five kilos做状语
30. They will be flying to London.
他们将飞往伦敦。主谓宾
综合练习二
Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构
31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me.
32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.
33. Please pass a newly- published to me.
34. He lived in Guang Zhou.
35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees.
36. His uncle left him some money.
37. She has taught us English for 3 years.
38. I like popular music.
39. She knows what to do next.
40. I hate arriving late.
41. The meeting starts at three.
42. My heart is beating loudly.
43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away.
44. He told me the news by telephone.
45. There are many people in the room.
46. He isn’t as tall as his brother.
47. I have a new sweater.
48. It is important to learn a foreign language now.
49. Trees turn green in spring.
50. He wants to be a doctor.
51. He refused to help me.
52. My teacher advises me to read English every day.
53. He became ill again.
54. He gives me a pen.
55. He speaks English better than me.
56. The earth is bigger than the moon.
57. There are some babies in the garden.
58. We have had supper.
59. The policemen are looking for the missed paper.
60. They elected him chairman.
综合练习二答案
31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me. 那个店员为我找到一些材料。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.
他许诺说要给我一本新英汉字典。主谓双宾
33. Please pass a newly- published to me.
请递给我一本新出版的。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
34. He lived in Guang Zhou.
他住在广州。主谓宾
35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees.
那位父亲正在给那个男孩演示怎么种树。主谓双宾
36. His uncle left him some money.
他的叔叔留给了他一些钱。主谓双宾
37. She has taught us English for 3 years.
她已经教我们英语三年了。主谓双宾
38. I like popular music.
我喜欢流行音乐。主谓宾
39. She knows what to do next.
她知道下一步怎么做。主谓双宾
40. I hate arriving late.
我讨厌来晚。主谓双宾
41. The meeting starts at three.
会议在三点开始。主谓
42. My heart is beating loudly.
我的心跳的很厉害。主谓
43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away.
汤姆的生日是在两星期之后。主系表
44. He told me the news by telephone.
他是通过电话告诉我那个消息的。主谓双宾
45. There are many people in the room.
房间里有很多人。There be句型
46. He isn’t as tall as his brother.
他和他的哥哥不一样高。主系表
47. I have a new sweater.
我有一件新运动衣。主谓宾
48. It is important to learn a foreign language now.
现在去学一们外语是非常重要的。主系表
49. Trees turn green in spring.
树木在春天变成绿色。主系表
50. He wants to be a doctor.
他要成为一个医生。主谓宾
51. He refused to help me.
他拒绝帮助我。主谓宾
52. My teacher advises me to read English every day. 我的老师建议我每天读英语。主谓宾补
53. He became ill again.
他又病了。主系表
54. He gives me a pen.
他给我一只笔。主谓双宾
55. He speaks English better than me.
他说英语比我好。主谓宾
56. The earth is bigger than the moon.
地球比月亮大。主系表
57. There are some babies in the garden.
在花园里面有一些婴儿。There be句型
58. We have had supper.
我们吃过午饭了。主谓宾
59. The policemen are looking for the missed paper.
警察正在寻找失踪的文件。主谓宾
60. They elected him chairman.
他们推选他当主席。主谓宾补
综合练习三
Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构
61.The girl is about ten years old．
62 .was doing my homework at nine yesterday evening．
63.My mother told me an interesting story．
64.The summer holidays will begin next week．
65.There was a strong wind．
66.One of the windows is broken．
67.I heard him singing in the room．
68. The students got on the school bus.
69. He handed me the newspaper.
70. I shall answer your question after class.
71. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
72. They went hunting together early in the morning.
73. His job is to train swimmers.
74. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
75. There is going to be an American film tonight.
76. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
77. His wish is to become a scientist.
78. He managed to finish the work in time.
79. Tom came to ask me for advice.
80. He found it important to master English.
81. Do you have anything else to say?
82. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
83. Would you please tell me your address?
84. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
85. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
86. He noticed a man enter the room.
87. The apples tasted sweet.
88. The sun was shining.
89. The moon rose.
90. The universe remains
综合练习三答案
61.The girl is about ten years old．
那个女孩大约十岁了。主系表
62. I was doing my homework at nine yesterday evening．昨天晚上9点钟我正在做我的家庭作业。主谓宾
63.My mother told me an interesting story．
我妈妈给我讲了一个有趣的故事。主谓双宾
64.The summer holidays will begin next week．
暑假将会在下周开始。主谓
65.There was a strong wind．
风真大呀！There be句型
66.One of the windows is broken．
有一扇窗户打破了。主谓
67.I heard him singing in the room．
我听到他在房间正在唱歌。主谓宾补
68. The students got on the school bus.
学生们登上校车。主谓宾
69. He handed me the newspaper.
他递给我那张报纸。主谓双宾
70. I shall answer your question after class.
下课后我将回答你的问题。主谓宾
71. He asked me to come back soon.
他要我早点回来。主谓宾补
72. They went hunting together early in the morning.
早上很早他们就一起去打猎。主谓
73. His job is to train swimmers.
他的工作是训练游泳者。主系表
74. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
他们在北京拍了许多宫殿的照片。主谓宾
75. There is going to be an American film tonight.
今天晚上将有一场美国电影。There be句型
76. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
他明天要去上海。主系表
77. His wish is to become a scientist.
他的愿望是成为一名科学家。主系表
78. He managed to finish the work in time.
他下定决心要及时完成那项工作。主谓宾
79. Tom came to ask me for advice.
汤姆来找我寻求建议。主谓，to ask me for advice做目的状语
80. He found it important to master English.
他发现掌握英语非常重要。主谓宾补
81. Do you have anything else to say?
你还有别的要说的吗？主谓宾，to say做anything else定语82. To be honest， your pronunciation is not so good.
老实说，你的发音不太好。主系表
83. Would you please tell me your address?
你能告诉我你的地址吗？主谓双宾
84. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
他坐在那儿读着报纸。主谓，reading a newspaper
做伴随状语，there做地点状语
85. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
保持我们教室的干净和整洁是我们的职责。主系表
86. He noticed a man enter the room.
他注意到一个人进了房间。主谓宾补
87. The apples tasted sweet.
那些苹果尝起来很甜。主系表
88. The sun was shining.
太阳在照耀着。主谓
89. The moon rose.
月亮升起了。主谓
90. The universe remains.
宇宙长存。主谓
综合练习四
Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构
91. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
92. The dinner smells good.
93. He fell in love.
94. Who knows the answer?
95. She smiled her thanks.
96. He has refused to help them.
97. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
98. He brought you a dictionary.
99. They appointed him manager.
100. They painted the door green.
101. This set them thinking.
102. We all breathe, eat, and drink.
103. Who cares?
104. What he said does not matter.
105. Everything looks different.
106. He is growing tall and strong.
107. They are short of money.
108. He enjoys reading.
109. He said "Good morning."
110. I showed him my pictures.
111. I gave my car a wash.
112. They found the house deserted.
113. What makes him think so?
114. We saw him out.
115. They talked for half an hour.
116. The pen writes smoothly
117. Our well has gone dry.
118. His face turned │red.
119. I want to have a cup of tea.
120. He was mistaken.
121. He showed me how to run the machine.
122. He asked me to come back soon.
123. I saw them getting on the bus.
综合练习四答案
分析下列句子的句子结构
91. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
这是本英汉辞典。主系表
92. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。主系表
93. He fell in love.
他堕入了情网。主系表
94. Who knows the answer?
谁知道答案？主谓宾
95. She smiled her thanks.
她微笑表示感谢。主谓宾。Smile在这里做及物动词，表示：以微笑表示……
96. He has refused to help them.
他拒绝帮他们的忙。主谓宾
97. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。主谓双宾
98. He brought you a dictionary.
他给你带来了一本字典。主谓双宾
99. They appointed him manager.
他们任命他当经理。主谓宾补
100. They painted the door green.
他们把门漆成绿色。主谓宾补
101. This set them thinking.
这使得他们要细想一想。主谓宾补
102. I saw them getting on the bus.
我看到他们登上汽车。主谓宾补
103. Who cares?
管它呢？主谓
104. It doesn’t matter.
没关系。主谓
105. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。主系表
106. He grows tall and strong.
他长得又高又壮。主系表。
107. They are short of money.
他们缺少钱。主谓宾，be short of做谓语
108. He enjoys reading.
他喜欢看书。主谓宾
109. He said "Good morning."
他说：“早上好！”主谓宾
110. I showed him my pictures.
我给他看我的照片。主谓双宾
111. I gave my car a wash.
我洗了我的汽车。主谓双宾
112. They found the house deserted.
他们发现那房子无人居住。主谓宾补
113. What makes him think so?
他怎么会这样想？主谓宾补
114. We saw him out.
我们送他出去。主谓宾补
115. They talked for half an hour.
他们谈了半个小时。主谓
116. The pen writes smoothly
这支笔书写流利。主谓
117. Our well has gone dry.
我们的井干枯了。主系表
118. His face turned red.
他的脸红了。主系表
119. I want to have a cup of tea.
我想喝杯茶。主谓宾
120. He was mistaken.
他犯了错误。主系表
121. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。主谓双宾
英语句子结构分析报告讲解
定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语（subject） 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子） 找出下列句中的主语：1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.
7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. （名词） She didn't say anything. （代词） How many do you want? - I want two. （数词） They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词） They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
英语句子结构详解(精华)
第一章简单句 一、简单句（simple sentence）：是基础句型，只有包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。 有五种基本结构：“主语+谓语（SV）”、“主语+谓语+主语补语（SVC）”、“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语（SVOO）”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语（SVOC）”等五种基本结构。其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。 1、“主语+谓语（SV）”结构，简称为主谓结构，谓语是不及物动词。此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，如： （1）、Day│ broke. 天亮了 （2）、Things │change.事物是变化的。 （3）、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。 （4）、They│are running very slowly. 他们跑得很慢 2、“主语+谓语+主语补语（SVC）”结构，简称为主谓补结构。 “主语+连系动词+表语（SLP）”句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构，此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用，其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如： （5）、He │died│ young. 他年轻时就死了。 （6）、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特 （7）、This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 （8）、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。 3、“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）”结构，可简称为主、谓、宾结构，其谓语一般是及物动词，宾语多是直接宾语。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词 （9）、Who│knows│the answer? 谁知道答案？
英语句子结构分析
第一讲英语句子结构分析 教学重点： 1：掌握五种基本句型 2：了解除Be以外的其他四种系动词。 3：了解接TO和FOR的双宾语的动词有哪些。 4：能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。 句子的划分 I. 根据结构划分：①简单句 S+V（主+谓） S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O（主+谓+宾） S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾） S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补） ②并列句 and, but, or ③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同） 副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句） II. 根据功能划分：陈述句 疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问
句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句） 祈使句 感叹句 III. 根据句子成分：单个词汇 短语 从句 一．陈述句（五种句型） 1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网 上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。 5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上 一隐君子叫网虫。
I. 常用作连系动词： ①变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get\ become口语化，如果要说就用它. 口诀解读： 如：Dreams come true. 梦想成真。
英语句子结构分析
英语句子结构分析 来源：中文翻译英文作者：翻译器时间：2012-07-06 （https://www.wendangku.net/doc/652860763.html,/kouyutingli/yulekouyu/20120706-11216.html） 英语句子结构分析 The English sentence structure analysis 英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句，就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句，下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。 The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis. 1、简单句 In 1, the simple sentence 简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式： A simple sentence, i.e. only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate ( or a ), sometimes the object; in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject. At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns. In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms: 主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar. Subject + verb ( transitive verb + object ); I hate grammar. 主语+ 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks. Subject + verb ( transitive verb ); Grammar sucks. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语Grammar is hell. Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell. 所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语)，有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。 Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate ( or a ), some sentences are also included in the object. Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear. 2、并列句 In 2, the compound sentence 并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语语法——英语句子成分分析
英语语法——英语句子成分分析 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。 2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be 动词，它们在句中作谓语。 3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如： This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。） 这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。 ５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如： The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。 ６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语
英语句子结构讲解
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一个句子必然有时态、语态。对谓语动词要弄清楚其时态和语态，才能进行肯定句、否定句和疑问句的转换。 语态体现在be 动词+ 过去分词上。不管什么语态的句子都有时态，不同时态的被动语态都有固定的结构。 句子必然有其由句子成分构成的句子结构。五种基本句型很重要，但是没有词类和句子成分的知识。例如不懂动词分为及物和不及物两种就不能懂得 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语; 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语; 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补助语这三种句型 一个句子或者是简单句或者是并列句，或者是复合句。要弄清楚：是简单句、并列句还是复合句？是复合句，又有什么从句？ 每个句子的句子成分是怎么样的？如果不懂什么是宾语，那么就学不懂宾语从句；如果不懂什么是状语，那么就学不懂状语从句；如果不懂什么是定语，那么就学不懂定语从句；如果不懂什么是表语，那么就学不懂表语从句。 要弄清楚句子成分和结构，要学会从简单句、并列句、复合句三个方面分析句子,才能在阅读和造句时不犯错误。 所谓分析英语句子，就是从结构上分析判断它是简单句、并列句还是复合句？ 它们是由什么词类词组充当的？并列句有几个分句？是什么从句？这些句子不管主句还是从句又是怎样构成的？这是大结构大框架的分析。还有从局部如谓语的分析，什么时态？什么语态？词法知识都很重要。还有状语定语的分析也是局部分析。 词类和句子成分的关系 十大词类 要搞清楚句子成分必须搞清楚英语的词类，因为句子成分是由一个一个的词或词组充
英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构（5种） 1、主语+谓语（s+v） 2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p） 3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物） (s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c） 二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语） 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （） He likes dancing. （） Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （） To see is to believe.（） What he needs is a book.（） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu lt. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词 组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
英语句子成分讲解(详细)
英语句子成分讲解 一、定义 1.词类： 名词(n.)：表示人或事物的名称。名词分为专有名词和普通名词；普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词；可数名词分为个体名词和集合名词；不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态等。动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必须加上某个介词)。 形容词(adj.)：用来修饰名词或代词。形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏，与否。形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing结尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。 副词(adv.)：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。 介词(prep.)：用在名词、代词等前面，表示与别的词的关系。介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般跟名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词分为：地点(位置、范围)介词、方向(目标趋向)介词、时间介词、方式介词、涉及介词、其他介词。 连词(conj.)：用来连接词与词或句与句。连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。 冠词(art.)：用在名词前帮助说明其词义。冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后，在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词，分为定冠词the和不定冠词a、an。 代词(pron.)：用来代替名词或数词等。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 数词(num.)：用来表示数量或顺序。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词，序数词表示排列的顺序。 感叹词(int.)：表示说话时的感情或口气。 2.句子成分： 主语：主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，主语一般由名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等、动词不定式或不定式短语、从句、某些固定词组等来充当。 谓语：谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，具有的特征或所处的状态。一般放在主语之后。谓语是由简单动词或动词短语（助动词/情态动词+主要动词）构成。 宾语：宾语是指一个动作的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语指该动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作是非直接的，但也是受该动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来充当。 表语：表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句，它常位于系动词（be、become、appear、seem、look、sound、feel、get、smell等词）之后。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句等来充当。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do toda y's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
英语句子结构分析网站
英语句子结构分析 句子的划分 i. 根据结构划分：①简单句:s+v（主+谓） s+link-v+p(主+谓+表) s+v+o（主+谓+宾） s+v+o+o（主+谓+间宾+直宾） s+v+o+c（主+谓+宾+宾补） ②并列句 and, but, or等 ③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同） 副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句） ii. 根据功能划分：陈述句 疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句） 祈使句 感叹句 一．五种句型 1. i am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2. internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3. i like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4. chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。 5. we can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。 ②保持某种状态：continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay. ③看起来，好像：appear, look, seem. ④感官动词：feel, smell, sound, taste. ii. 跟双宾语的动词 1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:he lent some money to me.类似动词的还有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等 2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。 如:mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购）,reach等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 如：richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay. i asked john. 我问约翰 i asked a question. 我问了一个问题 i asked john a question.我问了约翰一个问题 5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to, 不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。
完整版初中英语句子成分分析与讲解
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动动词之前位于名词等充当.The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 动词充当。动词分为实义2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 及物动词所涉及的对象什么谁。如：问3.宾语：是 He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
英语句子结构分析基础及练习.
句子成分 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject、谓语(predicate、表语(predicative、宾语(object、定语(attribute、状语(adverbial 和补语(complement。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V(主+谓 二:S V P(主+系+表 三:S V O(主+谓+宾 四:S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾 五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补 基本句型一:S V(主+谓 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy,主格代词(如you,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S│V(不及物动词 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │doe s not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型二:S V P(主+系+表 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类 动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S│V(是系动词│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
英语句子结构分析及练习题word版本
英语句子结构分析及 练习题
句子结构分析 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 It takes me an hour to get there. 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 分析下列句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. He studies very hard. She likes speaking. I can swim in the river. We don’t like math.
英语句子结构分析
一．主语：主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 1．名词作主语。如：A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。) Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。) 2．代词用作主语。如：You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。 He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑 3．数词用作主语。如：Three is enough. 三个就够了。 Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。 4．名词化的形容词用作主语。 The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。 Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。 5．副词用作主语。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了。 Carefully does it. 小心就行。 6．名词化的介词作主语。如：The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生之沉浮。 7．不定式用作主语。如：To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 It would be nice to see him again. 如能见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。 8．动名词用作主语。如：Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。 Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work. 看电影是乐事，制作影片则是苦事。 9．名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。 10. 介词短语用作主语。如：To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. 从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。 11.从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。 Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to. 不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。 12.句子用作主语。如：”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。 二．谓语 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 1．由简单的动词构成。 (1). What happened? 发生了什么事？ (2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。 (3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。 2．由动词短语构成的谓语。 (1). I am reading. 我在看书。 (2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着？ (3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。