英国文学史常耀信重点知识

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点

1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）

2. Romance （名词解释）

3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story

4. Ballad（名词解释）

5. Character of Robin Hood

6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)

7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia

10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”

13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）

14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）

15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。

16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress

17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images.

18. Enlightenment（名词解释）

19. Neoclassicism（名词解释）

20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler”

21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。

22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions

23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations

24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。

25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.

26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe 比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。

27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison”

28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel.

29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传

30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal”

31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy), “The Citizen of the World” (collection of essays)

32. Sentimentalism（名词解释）

33. Thomas Gray——“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人)

* Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in on e of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets.

34. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.

35. Thomas Percy——“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。36. William Blake比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是Songs of Innocence 和Songs of Experience, 这两本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外Blake的写作特点也要注意，比如语言的简单明了，神秘主义氛围等。

37. Robert Burns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名诗，写作特点: Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his poems.

A Survey of British Literature

I. Early and Medieval Literature (Unit 2)

1. three conquests

2. the medieval period: 476 A. D—the 15th century

3. Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066):

--oral traditions;

--“Beowulf”: the national epic

--Caedmon: the first known English religious poet

4. Anglo-Norman Period (1066-15th century):

--Popularity of romancens;

--Chaucer: the father of English poetry;

--Ballads developed;

5. “Beowulf”

--longest; an epic; features (Pagan and Christian coloring; kenning; metaphor)

6. Romance

--Definition: It is a narrative verse of prose singing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. Romances are popular in the medieval period.

--“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”

7. Geoffrey Chaucer

--the father of English literature/poetry;

--The Canterbury Tales: a double fiction; the Wife of Bath?s prologue; The Wife of Bath?s Tale; heroic couplet)

8. Ballad:

--Definition:A story told in song, usually in four line stanzas, with the 2nd and the 4th lines rhymed.

--Robin Hood Ballads.

9. Appreciation:

--from “Beowulf”

--from “The Canterbury Tales”

II. The Renaissance (Unit 3, Unit 4, Unit 5,Unit 6)

1.three discoveries

2.Renaissance

--a thristing curiosity for classical literature;

--a keen interest in life and human activities.

3.Humanism

--individualism; the joy of the present life; reason; the affirmation of self-worth

--Humanism emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.

4.Sonnet:

--Definition: It is a poem of 14 lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure; it expresses a single idea or theme. (Thomas Wyatt first introduced it to England)

5.Shakespearean sonnet:

--Definition: A Shakespearean sonnet consists of three four-line stanzas (called quatrains) and a final couplet composed in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.

6.Blank verse: having a regular meter, but no rhyme. (Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey)

7.Spenserian stanza:

--Definition: Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'Alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter. The rhyme scheme of these lines is "ababbcbcc."

8.Appreciation:

--Edmund Spenser and “The Faerie Queene”(written in blank verse)

--Thomas More and “Utopia”

--Christopher Marlowe?s Dr. Faustus (Appreication); Tamburlaine;The Jew of Malta;

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love;

--Sonnet 18by Shakespeare (“Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer?s Day”): time, mortality, immortality

9.The first English essayist: Francis Bacon (“Of Studies”)

10.Elizabethan theatre—the golden age of English drama;

11.Shakespearean comedies: As You Like It; The Merchant of Venice; A Midsummer

Night‘s Dream; Much Ado About Nothing; Twelfth Night

12.Shakespearean tragedies: Macbeth; King Lear; Hamlet; Othello

13.Shakespearean comedies:

--Features: clowns, servants, jesters, fools; dramatic irony; mistaken identity, cross-dressing;

--Patterns: The Green World Pattern (Sample: A Mid-summer Night’s Dream)

19. Shakespearean tragedies:

--Features: characters; structure; soliloquy; traveling; the role of fate/chance

20. Appreciation:

--“To be, or not to be” (from Hamlet) (Hamlet?s dilemma)

--“Tommorrow, tomorrow,…”(from Macbeth) (Mabeth is tired of the world; bored with life; metaphors:)

III. The Period of Revolution and Restoration (the 17th century) (Unit 7)

1.17th: the beginning of modern England;

2.Cavalier poets:

--Reflected the royalist values;

--Themes: beauty, love, loyalty, morality;

--Style: Direct, short, frankly erotic

--Motto:“Carpe Diem”“Seize the Day”

--Robert Herrick, Ben Johnson, Rochard Lovelace, etc;

--Appreciation: “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time” (Herrick; “to seize the day”)

3.Metaphysical school:

--the founder of the Metaphysical school: John Donne

--conceit: an extended metahpor involving dramatic contrasts or far-fetched comparisons;

--John Donne?s love poems: “The Flea”; “Valediction: Forbidden Mourning”

(Appreciation)

--Andrew Marvell: “To His Coy Mistress”

4.Puritan writers:

--John Bunyanh: “The Pilgrim?s Progress” (a religious allegory)

--John Milton: “Paradise Lost” (based on The Old Testament) (…Paradise Regained”;

“Samson Agonistes”) (Appreciation)

IV. The 18th Century Literature—The Age of Enlightenment (Unit 8 and Unit 9)

1.18th century: the golden age of English novels

2.Enlightenment

--an intellectual movement in Europe in the 18th century;

--Reason as the guiding principle for thinking and action;

--the belief in eternal truth, eternal justice, natural equality ;

--a continuation of Renaissance;

(Belief in the possibility of human perfection through education).

3.Neo-classicism:

--A revival of classical standards of order, harmony, balance, simplicity and restrained emotion in literature in the 18th century.

--Alexander Pope

4.“Essay on Criticism” by Alexander Pope

--a manifesto of neoclassicism;

--Appreciation: “A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing…”(learning as mountain climbing; inadequate learning may impair a balanced apprecation of a poem).

5.Realistic novels:

--Jonathan Swift; Gulliver’s Travels; A Modest Proposal; A Tale of a Tub; The Battle of the Books;

--Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe;(Appreciation)

--Henry Fielding: Tom Jones; Joseph Andrews; Jonathan Wilde the Great;

6. Sentimentalism

--the middle and later decades of the 18th c.;

--definition: passion over reason, personal instincts over social duties; the return of the patriarchal times; lamenting over the destructive effects of industrialization

--Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Gray, etc.

7. The Graveyard School

--subjects, style;

--Thomas Gray?s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”: structure; t heme; (Appreciation)

8. Pre-romanticism:

--the latter half ot the 18th century;

--Robert Burns: “Auld Lyne Syne”; “A Red, Red Rose”

--William Blake: “Songs of Innocence” “Songs of Experience”; “The Lamb”, “The Tyger”;

9. Richard Bringsley Sheridan: The School for Scandal; The Rivals;

10. Oliver Goldsmith: The Vicar of Wakefield; She Stoops to Conquer

V. The Romantic Period (1789-1832) (Unit 10 , Unit 11 and Unit 12)

1.The Romantic period: an age of poetry

2.Romanticism:

--Manifesto of British Romanticism: Lyrical Ballads: co-published by Wordsworth and Coleridge

--Features: individual as the center of all life and experience; from the outer world to the inner world; Passion; imagination ; Nature; pastoral; past ; Individual freedom;

simple and spontaneous expression; symbolic presentations; fantastic elements;

3.English Romantic Poets

--Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey

--The Satanic Poets: Byron; Shelley; Keats

--Lyrical Ballads: the manifesto of the English Movement;

4.William Wordsworth

--“a worshipper of nature”;

--nature and country poems: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “The World is Too Much with us”; “Tintern Abbey”; “To a Butterfly” “The Solitary Reaper”; “Lucy Poems”;

--theories on poetry; “Poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its orgin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”

--W ordsworth?s view of nature: critique of materialism; a source of mental cleanliness;

the guardian of the heart; the beneficial influence of nature;

--Appreciation: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “Tintern Abbey”;

5.Samuel Taylor Coleridge:“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”

6. George Gordon Byron:

--Byronic Hero: an idealised but flawed anti-hero created by Byron; love of freedom, hatred of tyranny, passionate, rebellious, chivalrous, arrogant, cynical, individualistic, isolated, single-handedly, melancholy

--major poems by Byron: “Childe Harold?s Pilgrimage” (Byronic Hero); “Don Juan”;

“She Walks in Beauty”; “The Isles of Greece” (Appreciation)

7. Percy Bysshe Shelley:

--Plato?s influe nce; pantheism

--“Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to the West Wind” “Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to

a Skylark”; “Queen Mab”; “A Defense of Poetry”;

-- Appreciation : “Ode to the West Wind”: themes of death and rebirth; destruction and regeneration;

8. John Keats

-- “Ode on a Grecian Urn”; “Ode to a Nightingale”; “Ode to Autumn”; “Endymion”; “Isabella”

--Appreciation: “Ode on a Greican Urn”: the powers and limitations of art

VI The Victorian Literature (1832-1901) (Unit 13 and Unit 14)

1. Authors and Works

--William Makepeace Thackray: Vanity Fair

--George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss; Silas Marner; Middlemarch; Adam Bede

--Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice: Emma; Sense and Sensibility; Mansfield Park

--Thomas Hardy: Far from the Madding Crowd; Tess of the D’Urbervilles; Jude the Obscure; The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge

--Charlotte Bronte:Jane Eyre; Shirley;

--Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights

--Oscar Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest; A Woman of No Importance

--Walter Scott: Ivanhoe;

1.Bronte Sisters and the Female Gothic Tradition:

--Female Gothic refers to the tradition of Gothic writing by women . . . that represents the female experience within domesticity as one of imprisonment, claustrophobia and terror.

2.Appreciation:

--Jane Eyre by Charolotte Bronte;

--Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte;

3.Naturalism

--Definition:Heredity and social environment as the shaping forces of one?s character;

to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces influencing the actions of the characters. pessimism; fatalism; detached perspective;

--Appreciation: “Tess of D?Urbervilles” by Thomas Hardy

4.Aestheticism

--Oscar Wilde

4. Charles Dickens:

--Oliver Twist; David Copperfield; A Tale of Two Cities; Hard Times; Great Expectations; The Pickwick Papers; Little Dorrit

5. Poets

--Alfred Tennyson: “Break, Break, Break”

--Robert Browning: “My Last Duchess” (dramatic monologue)

--Mathew Arnold: “Dover Beach” (Appreciation)

6.Thomas Hardy

--“Shakespeare of the English novel.”

--novels of character and environment: Far from the Madding Crowd; Tess of the D’Urbervilles; Jude the Obscure

--fatalism;

--naturalistic tendencies;

7. George Bernard Shaw

--the greatest Irish dramatist in the 20th c.

--a member of the Fabian society; reformist ideas

--Plays: Mrs. Warren’s Profession; Major Barbara

8. John Galsworthy

--The Forsyte Saga: The Man of Property, In Chancery, and To Let.

--Analysis: The Man of Property

VII. The Modern Period (Unit 15)

1. Modernism:

--theorectical basis;

--innovative forms;

--thematic concerns;

3. Steam of consciousness novel:

--Bergson?s theory of psychological time;

--Definition:The style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character?s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them.

--Virginia Woolf and James Joyce

4. Virginia Woolf

--“Modern Fiction” (attacked the traditional way of novel-writing)

--Mrs. Dalloway; To the Lighthouse; The Waves

--Mrs. Dalloway: appreciation

5. James Joyce

--an Irish writer;

--Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses

--Ulysses (Theme, techniques)

6. Psychological Fiction

--Freudian?s theories;

--D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers; The Rainbow; Women in Love; Lady Chatterley’s Lover

--Sons and Lovers: appreciation

7. Other important writers:

--E. M. Forster: A Passage to India; A Room with a View; Where Angels Fear to Tread;

Howards End;

--William Golding: Lord of the Flies;

--Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness; Lord Jim;

VIII. Postwar Literature (Unit 16)

1.Existentialism

--“Existence precedes essence”

--Theme;

2. Theatre of the Absurd

--Samuel Beckett: Nobel prize

--Harold Pinter: Nobel Prize

--Definition

--Waiting for Godot (Beckett):

3. Angry Young Man:

--mid-1950s;

--John Osborne: Look Back in Anger

4. Metafiction:

--definition:

--John Fowles: The French Lieutenant’s Woman

5. Symbolism:

--definiton;

--T. S. Eliot: “The Waste Land” (spiritiual empitness and emotional impoverishment) --William Butler Yeats: “Sailing to Byzantium”;（Appreciation）“The Second Coming”; “Leda and the Swan”;

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。

英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案

考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s

(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档

英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集： first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

英国文学选读-安顺学院外语系

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名著导读：《简爱》梗概、知识点和习题大集合 《简·爱》是英国十九世纪著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，也是英国文学史上的一部传世之作。人们普遍认为《简·爱》以第一人称叙述，是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“诗意的生平”的写照，是一部具有自传色彩的作品。 【作品简介】 《简·爱》是英国十九世纪著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，也是英国文学史上的一部传世之作。人们普遍认为《简·爱》以第一人称叙述，是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“诗意的生平”的写照，是一部具有自传色彩的作品。 这部带有浓厚自传色彩的作品成功地塑造了英国文学史中第一个对爱情、生活采取独立自主、积极进取态度，敢于斗争、敢于争取自由平等地位的女性形象，小小说诠释了这样一个主题：人的价值=尊严+爱。书中弱小的简爱不仅具有坚强刚毅的个性、自尊自爱的品格，而且还拥有足够的才智和对自由平等爱情的追求。 当时已经驰名文坛的萨克雷评价说：”《简·爱》是一位伟大天才的杰作。” 【故事概要】 一、苦难的童年(1--4 章) 幼小的简·爱寄养在舅父母家里。舅父里德先生去世后，简·爱过了10年倍受尽歧视和虐待的生活。舅母把她视作眼中钉，并把她和自己的孩子隔离开来，从此，她与舅母的对抗更加公开和坚决了，简被送进了罗沃德孤儿院。 二、艰难中成长（5——10章） 洛伍德义塾，一个教规严厉、条件极为艰苦的地方。简.爱刚到这里的第一年便赶上了一场突如其来的瘟疫，眼看着一个个同学在这里倒下，特别是好友海伦.彭斯的离去，使简爱幼小的心灵体会到了生命的残酷。在这里，简爱虽然历经磨难，却坚强地生存了下来。 度过第一年的难关后，学校改善了学生们的生活饮食条件。简爱在这里又做了六年学生、二年老师。期间的八年中，谭普尔小姐成为简爱敬仰和感激的至爱之师和人生挚友，因为“我获得的一些最宝贵的知识，都要归功于她的指导。”“她充当了我的母亲及家庭教师的角色，后来又成为我的伴侣”。“她的友谊及与她的交往始终是我的一种安慰”。因此，当谭普尔小姐要离开洛伍德义塾时，简.爱也在一番思索后决定要到“一个陌生的环境里担当新职务，过一种新生活”。 三、体验爱情（11--27章）

英国文学史及选读知识要点I

Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066) I Background 449 the Teutons ( the Jutes, the Anglos, the Saxons) II Literature The literature of this period falls into two divisions—pagan and Christian Two Anglo-saxon Christian poets: Caedmon （凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible. Cynewulf（基涅武甫,盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）, the author of poems on religious subjects III The Song of Beowulf( Beowulf, 公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗) Status: England’s national epic Written at the beginning of the tenth century Composed much earlier Length:3182 The whole song is essentially pagan in spirit and matter. Features : alliteration; metaphors; understatement Subject matter Part II The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350) I historical background: The Norman Conquest II. The Literature The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure. III. Romance 1. Romance was the prevailing form of literature in feudal England. 2. Definition and features(理解) IV. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight a late-14th century middle-English outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur’s Round Table. It was a verse romance of 2530 lines, considered as the best of Arthurian romances. Part III Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400) I Major works The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》is a translation from a French poem. His masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales II Contributions 1. Chaucer—the forerunner of Renaissanc e