英语语言学期末试题练习答案
英语语言学练习题
Ⅰ. Matching
Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B.
Column A
1.displacement
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,ngue
3.suprasegmental
feature
4.deep structure
5.predication
analysis
6.idiolect
7.pidgin
8.mistakes
9.interlanguage 10.motivation
11.arbitrariness
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,petence
13.broad
transcription
14.morphology
15.category
16.errors
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,ponential
analysis
18.context
19.blending
20.culture
21.learning
strategies
22.selectional
restrictions
23.phrase structure
rules
24.culture
diffusion
Column B
A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is
of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target
language. 9
B.Learner’s atti tudes and affective state or learning drive,
having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language.
21
C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories.
23
D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture
B and become part of culture B. 24
E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines
elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.
6
F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it
is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7
G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of
predications into their constituents---- arguments and predicates. 5
H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what
others. 22
I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s
subcategorization properties. 4
J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments.
3
K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14
L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1
N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10
O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20
P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
Q.The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19
R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15
S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17
T.The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. 12 U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is
no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11
V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13
W.They reflec t gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16
X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8
Ⅱ.Blank-filling.
Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.
1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation
is a good illustration of the a____ nature of language.
Arbitrary
2.The description of a language at some point of time in history
is a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic
3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules
of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Competence
4.In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs
meets with no o____. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction
5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different
phonetic environments are called the a____ of the phoneme.
Allophone
6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic
environment. They are said to be in c____ distribution.
Complementary
7.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence
rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i____. Intonation
8.The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.
Minimum
9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part
purely grammatical markers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional
10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain
three elements: head, specifier, and c____. Complement
11.Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that
there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept
12.The sense relation between “animal” and “dog” is called h____.
hyponymy
13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set
of different meanings. Polysemy
14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is
whether in the study of meaning the c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context
15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a
particular social class. Sociolect
16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials of “World Health
Organization”. Acronym
17.According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies;
it differs in different situations. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.
Register
18.In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture A
enter culture B and become part of culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d____. Diffusion
19.While the first language is acquired s____, the second or foreign
language is more commonly learned consciously. Subconsciously
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,nguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a
second language. Acquisition
21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds
called “v”, which is a feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. Voice
22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment
are called s____ features. Suprasegmental
23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words
and rules for word f____. Formation
24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____.
Morpheme
25.The sense relation between “autumn” and “fall” is called
s____. Synonym
26.H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different
meanings have the same form, . , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy
27.In daily communication, people do not always observe the four
maxims of the co-operative principle. Conversational i____ would arise when the maxims are flouted. Implicature
28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome”. Acronym
29.I____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that
combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. Idiolect
30.RP, the sh ort form of “R____ Pronunciation” refers to the
particular way of pronouncing standard English. Received
Ⅲ.Multiple choice.
Choose the best answer to the following items.
1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.
A. N. Chomsky
B. F. de Saussure
C. Leonard Bloomfield
D. M. A. K. Halliday
2.In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part of language which
links together the sound pattern and meaning.
A. morphology and syntax
B. phonetics and
semantics
C. semantics and syntax
D. morphology and
semantics
3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’s point of view, ., how
the sounds are perceived by the hearer.
A. auditory phonetics
B. acoustic phonetics
C. articulatory
phonetics
4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop____
A. god
B. boss
C. cock
D. dog
5.Which of the following words ends with a dental, voiceless
fricative ____
A. rose
B. wave
C. cloth
D. massage
6.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded
vowel ____
A. god
B. boot
C. walk
D. task
7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound _____
A. [h]
B. [k]
C. [g]
D. []
8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair____
A. bat, bite
B. kill, pill
C. peak, pig,
D. meat, seat
9.Which of the following is an open class words____
A. email
B. but
C. the
D. they
10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the
inflectional morphemes except ____.
A. paints
B. painter
C. painted
D. painting
11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes ____
A. psychophysics
B. boyfriends
C. forefather
D.
undesirability
12.The pair of words “dead and alive” is called ____.
A.gradable antonyms
B. relational opposites
C.
complementary antonyms
13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic
synonyms____
A. torch & flashlight
B. die & decease
C. amaze & astound
D. luggage & baggage
14.X: John has given up smoking.
Y: John used to smoke.
The sense relation between the above sentences is ____
A. X entails Y
B. X presupposes Y
C. X is synonymous with Y
D. X is inconsistent with Y
15.X: My father has been to London.
Y: My father has been to UK.
The sense relation between the above sentences is ____
A. X entails Y
B. X presupposes Y
C. X is synonymous with Y
D. X is inconsistent with Y
16.When we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle, our
language might become ____.
A. impolite
B. incorrect
C. indirect
D. unclear
17.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which of
the following is an instance of directives ____
A.I fire you!
B.Your money or your life!
C.I’m sorry for the mess I have made.
D.I have never seen the man before.
18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary
A. tree
B. crash
C. typewriter
D. bang
19.The word “Kodak” is a(n) ____.
A. blend
B. coined word
C. clipped word
D. acronym
20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means of
clipping_____
A. memo
B. motel
C. quake
D. gym
21.According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the _____ of
communication.
A. subject
B. role
C. situation
D. means
22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes
that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation ____.
A.The behaviorist view
B. The innatist view
C. The interactionist view
D. The cognitive theory
23.Which of the following sentences is an example of
overgeneralization ____.
A.Jane told me to give up smoking.
B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.
C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.
D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.
24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen
____.
A.Critical Period Hypothesis
B. Input
Hypothesis
C. Language Acquisition Device Hypothesis
D. Sapir-Whorf
Hypothesis
25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative
Principles
A.Paul Grice
B. John Searle
C. Krashen
D. Leech
26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator of
transformational generative grammar
A. F. de Saussure
B. N. Chomsky
C. G. Leech
D. M. A.
K. Halliday
27.When a ______ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary
language and children learn it as their first language, it
becomes .
B. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin...
creole
C. C. regional dialect... sociolect
D.
sociolect ... regional dialect
28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view, .,
how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate speech sounds.
A. Auditory phonetics
B. Acoustic phonetics
C. Articulatory
phonetics
29.We know the verb “put” requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv.
Thus, the process of putting words of the same lexical category
into smaller classes according to their syntactic characteristic is called .
A. categorization
B. subcategorization
C. syntactic categories
D. coordination
30.Which of the following words contains a front, close and
unrounded vowel ____
A. bad
B. bed
C. beat
D. but
31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the
derivational morphemes except ____.
A. faster
B. writer
C. lovely
D. conversion
32.Which of the following is an open class words____
A. email
B. but
C. the
D. they
33.The pair of words “borrow and lend” is called ____.
A.gradable antonyms
B. relational opposites
C.
complementary antonyms
34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as
collocational synonyms____
A. torch & flashlight
B. pretty & handsome
C. amaze & astound
D. luggage & baggage
35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.
Y: My sister is a married woman.
The sense relation between the above sentences is ____
A. X entails Y
B. X presupposes Y
C. X is synonymous with Y
D. X is inconsistent with Y
36.X: John married a blond heiress.
Y: John married a blond.
The sentence relation between X and Y is ____
A. X entails Y
B. X presupposes Y
C. X is synonymous with Y
D. X is contradictory with Y
37.According to Searl’s classification of speech acts, which of
the following is Not an instance of directives ____
A. Open the window!
B. Your money or your life!
C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us
D. I have never seen the man before.
38.The word “brunch” is a(n) ____.
A. blend
B. coined word
C. clipped word
D. acronym
39.According to Halliday, field of discourse refers to the _____
of communication.
A. subject
B. role
C. situation
D. means
40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed"
in the word "learned" is known as a( n)
A. derivational morpheme
B. free morpheme
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free form
41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds
that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking ____.
A. The behaviorist view
B.The innatist view
C.The interactionist view
D.The cognitive theory
42.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to
as .
A. glottis
B. vocal cavity
C. pharynx
D. uvula
43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric
Lenneberg ____.
A. Critical Period Hypothesis
B.Input Hypothesis
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,nguage Acquisition Device Hypothesis
D.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
44.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are
called ____morpheme.
A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational
45.There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalization
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,nguage is
A. instinctive
B. non-instinctive
C. static
D. genetically transmitted
47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposed
on sentences.
A. intonation
B. tone
C. pronunciation
D. voice
48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of
articulation
A. [z]
B.[w]
C.[e]
D.[v]
49.21. Which one is different from the others according to places
of articulation
A. [n]
B. [m]
C. [b]
D. [p]
50.Which vowel is different from the others according to the
characteristics of vowels
A. [i:]
B. [u]
C. [e]
D. [i]
51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating
A. Voiceless
B. Voiced
C. Glottal stop
D.
Consonant
52.When a child uses “mummy” to refer to any woman, most probably
his “mummy” means .
A. + Human
B. + Human + Adult
C. + Human + Adult – Male
D. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent
53.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days
a week." obviously violates the maxim of ______.
A. quality
B. quantity
C. relation
D. manner
54.The pair of words “north” and “south” is ___.
A. gradable opposites
B. relational opposites
C. co-hyponyms
D. synonyms
55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of
cross-association
A. other / another
B. much / many
C. stalagmite / stalagtite
D. bow / bow
56. describes whether a proposition is true or false.
A. Truth
B. Truth value
C. Truth condition
D. Falsehood
57."John sent Mary a post card." is a case of
A. one-place predication
B. two-place predication
C. three-place predication
D. no-place predication
58."John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)
A. entailment
B. presupposition
C. anomaly
D. contradiction
59. refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without
a change in the meaning and in the part of speech.
60.A. Blending B. Back-formation C. Clipping D. Conversion
61.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of
general linguistics
A. sound
B. structure
C. meaning
D. application
Ⅳ.True of false judgment.
Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.
1.Linguistics studies languages in general, but not any particular
language, . English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, etc. T
2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural
or primary medium of human language. F
3.In narrow transcription, we transcribe the speech sounds with
letter-symbols only while in broad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. T
4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development
of language. T
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,plete homonyms are often brought into being by coincidence.
T
6.Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, and
until recently the most highly developed, is acoustic phonetics.
F
7.The meaning of the word “seal” in the sentence “the seal could
not be found” cannot be determined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T
8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings
are biologically programmed for language. T
9.According to co-operative principle, the conversational
participants have to strictly observe the four maxims, so that the conversation can go on successfully. F
10.The same word may stir up different association in people under
different cultural background. T
11.A child who enters a foreign language speech community by the age
of three or four can learn the new language without the trace of an accent. T
12.In communication it will never be the case that what is
grammatical is not acceptable, and what is ungrammatical may not be inappropriate. F
13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T
14.Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds,
language is absolutely arbitrary. F
15.Vowels may be distinguished as front, central and back according
to the manner of articulation. F
16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles
and theories to language teaching and learning. F
17.A phonological feature of the English compounds is that the stress
of the word always falls on the first element, and the second element receives secondary stress. F
18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T
19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primary
meaning of the word. T
20.According to the innatist view of language acquisition, only when
the langu age is modified and adjusted to the level of children’s comprehension, do they process and internalize the language items.
F
21.When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案
英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
2021复旦大学英语语言文学考研参考书真题经验
复旦大学 英语语言文学考研经验
从决定考研开始就一直查各种资料和各种考验心得，经常在high研看师哥师姐们的热血经历，也得到了很多师哥师姐们的帮助，在这里先谢谢大家了。 我准备考研比较早，元旦左右就开始了，因为大三课比较多，所以前期复习时间较短，速度有点慢，因此，如果大家已经有目标，建议越早开始越好The early bird catches the worm! 政治： 暑假开始复习政治，一直到最后都是跟着肖秀荣老师的书在走，1000题很重要，可以抓很多细节性的知识，建议不要在书上直接写，方便后期反复利用。暑假期间可以先看去年大纲，大概有个印象，最后冲刺时四八套题一定要好好背，今年肖老师大题基本都中了。政治最好每天都分配一定的时间，这一科记得快忘的也快。 考研政治每门课都是一个庞大的体系，有着大量的内容。因此需要建构每门课的大体系框架，通过一个框架把整门课连接起来，背李凡政治新时器就够了。以中国近现代史纲要为例，以时间顺序可以把中国近现代史纲要分为两部分，即以1949年10月为分界限的中国近代史和中国现代史。 中国近代史又可分为两部分，即以“五四运动”为界限的旧民主主义运动和新民主主义运动两部分。在这两个阶段有一条非常明显的主线：列强对中国的侵略和中华民族各个阶层为了中国的独立所做出的努力。 根据这条主线旧民主主义运动又可以分为几个部分，即地主阶级、资产阶级维新派、资产阶级革命派、农民阶级做出的尝试，分别是“洋务运动”“戊戌变法”“辛亥革命”“太平天国运动”和“义和团运动”。“五四运动”后的新民主主义运动也可根据主线分为几个阶段，即第一次国内革命战争时期，国共十年对峙时期，抗日战争时期，解放战争时期。 中国现代史就是新中国的建设史，可以根据这条主线分为几个阶段，即1949~1956年的过渡时期，1956~1966年的社会主义建设时期，1966~1976年的“十年文革”时期，1976以后的社会主义建设新时期。 二外法语： 本科学校教材是新大学法语，我复习用过的资料有：考研必备，二外法语考研综合（肖红），和圣才出版的名校历年二外真题，不过这些书提供的答案有些
[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案
英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt.
英语专业英语语言学期末复习总结.docx
英语语言学 一、名词解释 第一课 l.Synchronic 共时性：Said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical “poinL in timeA A kind of description which takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind? 2>Langue 语言：The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community? 3>Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol used for human communication. ^Arbitrariness 任意性：One design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 第二课 1.Phoneme 音位：Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning? The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 2
英语语言学试题库
英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title
英语专业考研 语言学复习题附答案
英语专业考研语言学复习题附答案 Chapter I Introduction I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. 18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. Ch omsky defines “ competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/657856016.html,ngue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23.D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless
英语语言学试题(2)及答案-2002年1月
英语语言学试题（2） 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic c omponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __. A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command. 12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________. 13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. 14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分) 16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called
英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解
I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院 2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang