苏黎世联邦理工学院英文简介,官方的
ETH ZuricH
Annual report 2010
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Contents
Foreword from the President 3Highlights 2010 4Core duties of ETH Zurich
8Education – Excellent education despite squeeze on capacity 10Research – Fundamental research: safeguarding the future
14Knowledge and technology transfer – Encouraging young companies 22ETH Zurich as an enterprise
24Infrastructure and staff – Intensive construction work
26Responsible use of resources – Sustainability established as the guiding principle 30Financial management – The success calls for efficient financial management 32Social commitment of ETH Zurich
34Services and cultural facilities – Increasing knowledge, sharing knowledge 36Dialogue with the general public – Bringing expert knowledge to public debate 40ETH Zurich – names and facts 42ETH Zurich in figures 44Honours and prizes 58Honours at the ETH Day 64New professors 66Donations 68Organisation
70Comments to the picture series “student projects”
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ETH Zurich has come to symbolise excellent education, groundbreaking basic research and applied results that are beneficial for society as a whole. Founded in 1855, it today offers researchers an inspiring environment and students a comprehensive education as one of the leading international universities for technology and the na-tural sciences.
ETH Zurich has more than 16,000 students from approximately 80 countries, 3500 of whom are doctoral candidates. More than 400 professors teach and conduct re-search in the areas of engineering, architecture, mathematics, natural sciences, system-oriented sciences, and management and social sciences. ETH Zurich regular-ly appears at the top of international rankings as one of the best universities in the world. 21 Nobel Laureates have studied, taught or conducted research at ETH Zurich, underlining the excellent reputation of the institute.
Transferring its knowledge to the private sector and society at large is one of ETH Zurich’s primary concerns. It has succeeded in this, as borne out by the 80 new patent applications each year and the 215 spin-off companies that were created out of the in-stitute between 1996 and 2010. ETH Zurich orients its research strategy around global challenges such as climate change, world food supply and human health issues.
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“Building on firm foundations in education and research, ETH Zurich is contributing towards solving complex problems in society.”
Ralph Eichler, President of ETH Zurich
Highlights 2010
01 – New era for computing in Switzerland: Raffaele Balmelli, Operations Manager at Implenia Ticino, Thomas Schulthess, Director CSCS, and Roman Boutellier, Vice President Human Resources and Infrastructure at ETH Zurich, at the laying of the foundation stone for the new Swiss National Supercom-puting Centre. Y Page 26 ff.
02 – Smallest microlaser in the world: physicists at ETH Zu-rich are developing by far the smallest electrically pumped laser in the world. Just 30 micrometres long, this laser could one day revolutionise chip technology. Y Page 20
03 – Earthquake simulator in the focus Terra museum: a room weighing nearly three tonnes, which is shaken at the com-mand of a computer, increases awareness among official bodies and construction services providers, and the popula-tion at large, of the need for protection against earthquakes. Y Page 4104 – World-famous partnership: with the CMS particle de-tector, ETH Zurich is making an extremely successful con-tribution to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, the world’s largest research cooperation project, involving over 8000 scientists. Y Page 14 ff.
05– Pioneers in protein research: Professor Rudolf Aeber-sold, ETH Zurich, together with Professor Amos Bairoch, University of Geneva, wins the Otto-Naegeli Award, one of Switzerland’s most prestigious research prizes for their out-standing research in proteomics. Y Page 19
06– 20 million francs to encourage young talent: the en-trepreneur and patron Branco Weiss (3rd from left) transfers his fellowship programme “Society in Science” to ETH Zurich. The scheme will enable support to be provided for outstand-ingly talented young researchers. Y Page 14 ff.
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Highlights 2010
07 – Short pulse lasers to measure ultra-fast processes: ETH physicist Ursula Keller and Thomas Feurer from the Univer-sity of Bern take over as joint leaders of the new National Centre of Competence in Research “Molecular Ultrafast Science and Technology”. Y Page 14 ff.
08 – Sustainable exchange: together with students at the “Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development”, ETH students are building a proto-type for a sustainable residential building in Addis Ababa. Y Page 30ff.
09 – ETH expertise for the construction project of the cen-tury: in 2010, with the breakthrough of the east tunnel of the Gotthard Base Tunnel, a major milestone was reached in one of the most important construction projects of the century, in which experts from ETH Zurich are involved in all kinds of ways. Y Page 3910– Successful partnership: the “Disney Research Zurich” centre at ETH Zurich is Walt Disney’s only research laborato-ry at a European university. It researches new technologies for modelling and simulating reality. Y Page 22ff.
11–ETH Day: on its academic celebration day, ETH Zurich honours outstanding scientific achievements, and presents honorary doctorates and awards for the best lecturers. The ceremonial address is given by Swiss Federal Councillor Didier Burkhalter. Y Page 64ff.
12 – World Exhibition in Shanghai: Swiss Federal Councillor Moritz Leuenberger (centre) and the Chinese Minister of Water Resources Lei Chen (2nd from right) open the confer-ence on “Future Cities” organised by ETH Zurich, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and swissnex China. Y Page 41
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Core duties of ETH Zurich
Growing student numbers make quality control the focus of attention in education. In research, there are new initiatives, projects and professorships to tackle global challenges. All kinds of links to industry guarantee the knowledge and technology transfer that creates social added value.
As a university of international standing, ETH Zurich is attracting more and more students from Switzerland and all over the world. One of the consequences of this positive trend is that, especially at Master level, suitable instruments need to be found to ensure that the excellent quality of education can be maintained.
In autumn 2010, about 2450 students began a Bachelor pro-gramme at ETH Zurich, 13 percent more new entrants than two years ago. This increase in interest, especially in engi-neering subjects, is very pleasing, in view of industry’s com-plaints about shortages of engineers. However, because of the high numbers of new entrants, the two currently most popular programmes, Mechanical Engineering and Archi-tecture, are reaching the limits of their capacity. The short-age of teaching space has been temporarily mitigated by making better use of lecture theatres, for example by du-plicating classes at peripheral times, or, for the first time, broadcasting a complete lecture to other rooms. To over-come bottlenecks in the supervision of practical groups, ad-ditional resources have been put into employing senior and junior teaching assistants. Over 16,000 students
The total number of students rose again to 16,342 (previ-ous year: 15,378). This means that 53 percent more young people are studying at ETH Zurich today than in 2000. By 2010, student numbers had already reached the level that was predicted for 2013. By contrast, the budget funds avail-able to the university, when adjusted for inflation, have only risen by less than 1 percent a year since 2000. Any further
Excellent education despite squeeze on capacity
growth in student numbers without significant additional resources would jeopardise the quality of the education provided and put a question mark over research-related education. It is important that the high standard of educa-tion at ETH Zurich should continue to be based on a good faculty-to-student ratio, an excellent learning environment and innovative education methods. One example is the fo-cus projects in the field of Mechanical Engineering, which play a significant part in the appeal and high quality of this programme (Y Page 12).
Performance-based admission to Master programmes preferred
One particular challenge is presented by the rapidly rising number of applicants for Master programmes. The Swiss economy and ETH Zurich itself have always benefited from having a good mixture of talent from Switzerland and oth-er countries. That is why places at ETH Zurich are always available to excellent students from abroad. However, ap-plications from abroad at Master level have increased dis-proportionately. Currently, twice as many students from other universities are applying for admission to a Master programme at ETH Zurich as are progressing from Bach-elor to Master level internally. For the 39 available Master programmes this year, there were no fewer than 2600 ap-plications from Bachelor graduates from other universities, 90 percent of which came from abroad.
This presents the university with an increasingly diffi-cult task, in terms of both quantity and quality. There are considerable differences in quality among the applicants. This means that every application has to be reviewed against objective, transparent criteria, within a reasonable period of time. This is done using the requirements profiles that have been formulated for all Master programmes and are published on the Internet. However, there are no clear le-gal provisions for controlling the progression to Master level, either with regard to capacity on specific courses or on the basis of quality criteria. ETH Zurich is therefore engaged in talks with the Rectors’ Conference of the Swiss Universities (CRUS) and the ETH Board about suitable instruments for this purpose.
Always promoting the best
In autumn 2007, ETH Zurich, with the help of private do-nors, launched the Excellence Scholarship and Opportunity Programme, as a tool to use in the competition for the best talent. The scheme encourages particularly outstanding students who want to take a Master programme at ETH Zu-rich. Under the support scheme, the students receive a spe-cial grant and more intensive supervision for the duration
The total number of students rose again in 2010. The shortage of teaching space has been temporarily mitigated by making better use of lecture theatres.
of their course. The results after three years are promising: since the start of the programme, 85 scholarship holders from Switzerland and 27 other countries have benefited from these performance-based grants. In 2010, ETH Zurich decided to also introduce a Master Scholarship Programme. In future years, this will further expand the range of stu-dents who can be supported.
Partnerships with the world’s best universities
Once again in 2010, as in the previous year, the number of young researchers wishing to write their doctoral theses at ETH Zurich rose enormously. With now over 3500 doctoral students, that is an increase of 4 percent.
The individualised admission procedure, as well as tar-geted partnerships and exchanges with top-ranking foreign partner universities, help to drive up standards at this level. Again in 2010, ETH Zurich entered into some new coopera-tion agreements with leading universities. It signed a Mem-orandum of Understanding on cooperation in the field of neurosciences with the University of Zurich and McGill Uni-versity in Montreal, Canada. One of the purposes of the co-operation is to encourage exchanges between doctoral stu-dents. It is also worth mentioning the Memorandum of Un-derstanding between ETH Zurich and the Japanese research organisation RIKEN. This is not only for the benefit of estab-
lished scientists but should also lead to more ETH students visiting the RIKEN research laboratories. A number of other exchange agreements were also reached in 2010, including with Princeton University and several Japanese universities.
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“To ensure high quality standards, we must have the freedom to be selective.”
Heidi Wunderli-Allenspach, Rector of ETH Zurich
Among the engineering subjects at ETH Zurich, Mechanical Engineering is especially popular. One of the reasons for this is the focus projects, which were introduced in 1996. At that time, the number of new students entering the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering had fallen very low. To attract more students to the course, some of the ETH pro-fessors at the time introduced focus projects. Later, Roland Siegwart, who is now the Vice President Research and Cor-porate Relations at ETH Zurich, became a driving force be-hind the scheme. The idea was that, in their fifth and sixth semesters, students should be able to put what they had learnt into practice, by working in teams to run a project independently – from the concept through all the planning and design stages to production and marketing. The knowl-edge they need is acquired by self-study, attending lectures and talking to experts in the field. These projects involve not only solving technical problems but also teamwork and social skills. Impressive results
Five of these projects were presented at the “Rollout” cer-emony in the hall of the ETH Main Building. Once again in 2010, the results were impressive: for example, Alcedo, a fly-ing drone, is able to automatically identify and mark the po-sition of people buried under snow. In the HERMES project, the students carried out further development on the drive train of a hybrid racing car. A third group built the purely electric Formula Student car Furka, a little racing car weigh-ing only 220 kilograms, which goes from 0 to 100 kilome-tres an hour in just three and a half seconds. HyRaii, a hy-drofoil sailboat that flies through the air on the water like
ETH Zurich has a newly established central organisation to help its students and doctoral students as they move from studying into the world of work. Since September 2010, the ETH Career Center has been providing extensive informa-tion about finding a job and preparing graduates for em-barking on a career. It also shows them what is entailed in starting up a new company.
The main information portal is the website careercenter.ethz.ch. Here, anyone who is interested can find useful in-formation, including advice from other internal organisa-tions providing careers services, such as the specialist as-sociations, the Student Union VSETH, ETH Juniors and ETH Alumni Career Services. The ETH Career Center also organis-es events where graduates can find out how to put together a job application or what important points they should con-sider during an interview or assessment session.
However, when making the transition from ETH Zurich to the world of work, graduates also ask themselves ques-tions of a more personal nature: Am I interested in a spe-cialist or management career? Should I be considering a major corporation or an SME? In what kind of company can I imagine starting work? To help answer these questions, the ETH Career Center offers individual reviews of a stu-dent’s situation and will support graduates in reaching a decision. The aim is to suggest suitable areas in which to start work, not to find students a job. The service has been very well received: in the first two months, over 100 stu-dents have already taken advantage of the personalised advice on offer.
Valuable corporate contacts
The ETH Career Center cultivates close contacts with busi-ness. It has reached partnership and sponsorship agree-ments with 18 companies. These include companies in the electricity and power industry, the high-tech and life scienc-es sector, and also companies from the engineering, chemi-cal, financial, IT and consultancy industries. Agreements are also in place with the Federal Administration and the indus-try association Swissmem, providing contacts with numer-ous SMEs.
The partner companies have further the opportunity of presenting themselves to students at “Company on Cam-pus” events or platform discussions. ETH graduates from those companies introduce the company and talk about their personal experiences, and this puts them in touch with current students. The companies may also invite stu-dents to special workshops. This gives students the oppor-tunity to find out in greater depth about a company they may wish to work for. For their part, the companies estab-lish contact with about 2000 potential candidates, the
To make young people curious about the different areas in which they could study or carry out research, and give them an insight into the reality of studying at university: these are the aims of ETH Zurich’s activities for upper-secondary school pupils. Since January 2010, the Student Orientation and Coaching unit has been running a successful marketing campaign for students.
Under the title “ETH On the Road”, ETH Zurich again visi-ted upper-secondary schools all over Switzerland in 2010 to give pupils a realistic insight into studying at ETH Zurich – with exhibits, experiments, films, lectures and discussion ses-sions. The seven schools they visited once again included two schools outside German-speaking Switzerland.
an aircraft, is the product made by another team. A fifth group produced Rezero, a robot that balances on a sphere – a so-called ballbot (Y Title page). These last two projects won cash prizes funded by Siemens PLM Software.
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select group of students who are completing their degrees or doctorates at ETH Zurich each year.
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School-leavers from all Swiss upper-secondary schools have traditionally been invited to student information days at ETH Zurich and the University of Zurich. Study weeks at ETH Zurich offer an in-depth look at everyday student life, by gi-ving upper-secondary school pupils the opportunity to work on a project with researchers for a week. In 2010, 60 young people worked in the Departments of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Physics, and Electrical Engineering and Informati-on Technology.
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The fascination of focus projects – from the ballbot to electric racing cars
Fit for work
Real-life insights into studying and research
Furka is a purely electrically powered little racing car which goes from 0 to 100 kilometres an hour in just three and a half seconds.
The ETH Career Center supports graduates during the transition from university to the world of work.
ETH Zurich carries out interdisciplinary research in the fields of health, nutrition, risk, energy and sustainable urban development, in order to find answers to pressing social problems.
It makes use of its great strengths in fundamen-tal research.
ETH Zurich makes sure that it focuses its research on social-ly relevant fields. On the basis of new findings from funda-mental research, it aims to make a major contribution to solving the big challenges facing humanity. To achieve this ambition, and maintain its position as a leading university in international competition, ETH Zurich intends to appoint more professors in the next few years in specialist fields that will be important in the future.
New focuses for research
These specialist areas include health sciences, in which ETH Zurich is breaking new ground. It is bringing together its research and education activities in the fields of human movement sciences and sport, food sciences and nutrition, medical technology and neurosciences, and is establish-ing a new Department of Health Science and Technology (D-HEST). The aim is to systematically research health and the causes of illness. The scope of the research extends from the molecular level to whole organisms, and will take account of the patient’s natural and social background. By working in close cooperation with the University Hospital and the University of Zurich, processes and technologies will be developed for both therapeutic and preventive treat-ments. The D-HEST forms the interface between health sci-ences and technology and aims to promote knowledge and technology transfer between clinics, industry and society. The new department will open in 2012.
How to feed the world is another important focus for
research. Existing expertise in agricultural and environmen-
tal sciences is to be combined in a new Department of En-
vironmental Systems Science (D-USYS). This will particu-
larly boost the area of sustainable agriculture. The World
Food System Competence Centre that was newly founded
in 2010 aims to help secure a sustainable food supply for
the world’s population. The enterprise is being supported by
companies, private individuals and foundations from busi-
ness and industry, which enables some additional profes-
sorships in various different areas of research to be financed.
This includes, for example, a donation of 10 million francs
from Syngenta to the ETH Zurich Foundation. This funding
allows a new professorship in sustainable agroecosystems
to be established.
Rapid population growth is causing serious problems
especially for countries in Asia and Africa. One organisation
working to find solutions is the Singapore-ETH Centre (SEC)
for Global Environmental Sustainability, which ETH Zurich
has set up jointly with the National University of Singapore
and the Nanyang Technological University. In September
2010, the first research programme started there with the
Future Cities Laboratory. It is intended that this platform for
sustainable urban development will produce various differ-
ent scenarios for urbanisation and suggest ways of making
urban planning sustainable. In the Ethiopian capital Addis
Ababa, ETH Zurich has established an Institute for Urban
Development in partnership with the university there.
ETH Zurich is sure that making these commitments will
not only benefit the other countries but will also be worth-
while for Switzerland itself: the findings that are made will
feed into the basic training of students in Switzerland and
keep Swiss companies and workers globally competitive in
the long term.
Encouraging technology transfer and young talent
Transferring knowledge and new technologies into society
is a high priority for ETH Zurich (Y Page 22 ff.). By introduc-
ing the new Pioneer Fellowships, it aims to translate find-
ings from fundamental research into marketable products
even faster.
Furthermore, in 2010 the grants programme “Society in
Science – The Branco Weiss Fellowship” that was set up in
2002 was transferred to ETH Zurich – just a few months be-
fore the founder of the programme, the entrepreneur, pa-
tron and friend of ETH Zurich, Branco Weiss, died in Novem-
ber 2010. The scheme enables outstanding young research-
ers to put into practice original research ideas which are
relevant to society as a whole.
The extent to which researchers at ETH Zurich have ideas
with potential was apparent once again in 2010 from the
research funding that was acquired, not least from the EU:
six young researchers each received about 1.5 million euros
from the European Research Council (ERC). The ERC Start-
ing Independent Researcher Grant is designed to support
promising young researchers; the sole selection criterion
is academic excellence. In addition, there were seven ERC
Advanced Investigators Grants for established scientists
at ETH Zurich, who were awarded over 16 million euros for
their projects in the fields of Physical Sciences and Engineer-
ing and Life Sciences.
Fundamental research is central
In collaboration with other Swiss universities, ETH physicists
have laid the foundations for two National Centres of Com-
petence in Research in the areas of quantum physics and
researching ultra-short phenomena. The Swiss National Sci-
ence Foundation awarded the two projects, each led by ETH
scientists, a total of 34 million francs. The National Centre
of Competence in Research Molecular Ultrafast Science and
Technology (MUST) is already up and running. In this project,
scientists are using special lasers to measure movements at
atomic level lasting a femtosecond (10-15 of a second) or even
an attosecond (10-18 of a second). Also taking part is the Paul
Scherrer Institute (PSI), which will be involved in the project
with its planned SwissFEL, a laser based on free electrons. It
is hoped that groundbreaking results from this fundamen-
tal research will generate new technologies to enable previ-
ously impossible experiments to be carried out.
World-famous partnership
Finally, with the CMS particle detector, ETH Zurich is making
an extremely successful contribution to the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC) at CERN, the world’s largest research coopera-
tion project, involving over 8000 scientists. On 23 November
2009, two beams of protons collided for the first time in the
LHC. Since then, CERN has been reporting new successes on
an almost monthly basis. For example, thanks to the CMS
detector, a phenomenon was observed which had previous-
ly only been recorded when heavy ions collided.
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Fundamental research: safeguarding the future
Field trials for cultivating maize in Mexico: with its new research focus on aspects of the world food system, ETH Zurich aims to help secure
a sustainable food supply for the world’s population.
“In 2010, researchers at ETH Zurich
produced many groundbreaking findings.”
Roland Siegwart, Vice President Research and Corporate Relations
at ETH Zurich.
About one per cent of the population of industrialised coun-tries suffers from the metabolic disorder gout. In this illness, uric acid forms crystals when it occurs in too high a concen-tration in the blood. Painful deposits accumulate in the joints, or crystals form in the kidneys, which can cause damage. The excessively high uric acid content in the blood is caused part-ly by genetic predisposition or an unbalanced diet. Lost during evolution
People suffer from gout because during the process of ev-olution – unlike other mammals – they lost an important enzyme which controls uric acid levels naturally. Now re-searchers at the Department of Biosystems Science and En-gineering have developed a method giving hope to anyone who may be at risk of suffering from gout or already does.
While many medical problems can be solved by drugs being introduced into the body from outside, the research-ers led by ETH Professor Martin Fussenegger are directly cor-recting the faulty metabolic pathway which leads to gout and so are helping the body to treat itself. The scientists have developed a synthetic network of specially prepared genes which are infiltrated into the cells. Once implanted in the body, this gene network called UREX regulates the level of uric acid in the blood and thus assumes the role of the lost enzyme. If UREX detects that the uric acid level is too high, this information is relayed to a switching circuit which controls another component. This then dispenses the cor-rect dose of the enzyme to regulate the uric acid.
The complete gene network is incorporated in a single cell of which two million are enclosed in perforated 0.2 milli-metre capsules made of seaweed gelatine. When the encap-sulated cells are implanted in the body, they automatically
Researchers in the group led by Sotiris Pratsinis, Professor of Particle Technology at the Institute of Process Engineer-ing, have developed a sensor that can instantly measure acetone in the breath. That is an easy way to diagnose Type 1 diabetes or the symptoms of ketoacidosis, a complication of diabetes where there is a total lack of insulin. This is be-cause in the breath exhaled by Type 1 diabetes patients the acetone concentration, at about 1800 ppb (parts per billion), is twice as high as it is in healthy people. During ketoacid-osis, the proportion is even higher. The sensor can measure an acetone concentration of as little as 20 ppb and works very accurately even in very high humidity, such as occurs in exhaled breath.
To manufacture the sensor, the scientists coated a car-rier which had gold electrodes with a semiconductor film made of tungsten oxide nanoparticles mixed with silicon. The mixture was produced in a flame at a temperature of over 2200° C. The nanoparticles rose up and were collected on the carrier substrate, which was then cooled with wa-ter. Through this rapid heating and cooling, a vitreous layer formed on the electrodes that is sensitive to acetone.
Non-invasive methods of diagnosing illnesses are be-coming more and more important. Analysis of people’s breath is key to this, as it is fast, cheap and easy to perform. Professor Sotiris Pratsinis hopes in future to be able to use similar sensors to test the breath for other illnesses.
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About 1.5 billion people worldwide suffer from the conse-quences of iron deficiency. Fatigue, anaemia and develop-mental problems are just some of the symptoms. Women are particularly frequently affected. One solution is to add iron to food. Often elementary iron is used but this is not water-soluble and is not easily digested in the intestinal tract. Iron sulphate, on the other hand, is water-soluble and is easily processed by the body, but it changes the colour and taste of the food.
Now researchers led by Florentine Hilty and Michael Zimmermann at the Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health have found another promising solution: when reduced to nano size and mixed with the right metals, elementary iron
Brain researchers in the group led by Isabelle Mansuy, a pro-fessor at both ETH Zurich and the University of Zurich, have proved in mice that negative environmental influences at an early stage in life may not only have a negative effect on the behaviour of the individual in question throughout their life, but that the individual can pass on their changed behaviour to their descendants – even down to the third generation.
Such negative environmental influences include, for ex-ample, chronic severe stress or traumatic experiences. Young animals which are unexpectedly separated from their moth-er and are put under severe stress during the period of sepa-ration can show behaviour types later in life which could be interpreted as depression. Furthermore, the animals cannot control their impulses and are unable to deal appropriately with new or difficult situations.
Mansuy’s research team was able to show that these be-havioural changes are not due to mutations but to changes
attach themselves to the circulatory system and release their therapeutic effect. Thanks to this biological gene net-work, the cause of gout can be permanently eliminated to prevent the illness. UREX has already been tested success-fully on mice and the patent has been applied for.
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can be easily absorbed by the body. Most effective is a mix-ture of iron zinc oxide and magnesium. Tests have shown that the body can use the iron much better in this form. The combustion technique deployed to produce the nano struc-tures has been known about for some time. It was used on food for the first time three years ago by ETH scientists. However, more tests are required before nano-structured food of this kind can go on sale.
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in what is called the methylation of certain genes in the brain and in the sperm. In this process, the small molecule methyl is, in certain genes, attached to or removed from one of the four basic components of DNA. This change to the methylation controls the activity of the affected genes and thus has an impact on important bodily functions.
In mice, scientists have identified a number of genes which are affected by methylation due to earlier stressful experiences. However, not all these genes are altered to the same extent. It depends where and how many methyl groups are altered.
It has long been believed that such behavioural informa-tion could be passed on epigenetically, but Mansuy’s working group is the first to succeed in demonstrating this at molecu-lar level in several generations. Since the symptoms displayed by the disturbed mice are also very pronounced in borderline, depressive or schizophrenic patients, the results from the tri-als with mice could perhaps be transferable to humans.
Preventing and permanently eradicating gout
Diabetes diagnosis with no finger-pricking
Using nano research to combat iron deficiency
Epigenetically inherited ailments
The metabolic illness gout leads to painful deposits in the joints.
An innovative sensor can detect even small concentrations of acetone in exhaled breath.
The decoding of the human genome in 2003 made head-lines all around the world. In 2010, researchers at ETH Zurich and the Institute of Systems Biology (ISB) in Seattle made a comparable breakthrough: they succeeded in mapping the entire human proteome with a total of 20,300 proteins.
The proteome is what biologists call the entire set of proteins in an organism. The structure of these proteins is derived from what are called encoding loci, i.e. the physical positions of genes in the genome. In the case of humans, there are about 20,300 loci for a corresponding number of proteins. The ETH systems biologists and their American col-leagues have produced reference values for all these loci in the form of mass spectroscopy data. All proteins can be measured
Before being analysed with the mass spectrometer, the pro-teins were broken down into smaller components, so-called peptides. The pattern that the peptides produce in the mass spectrometer is always characteristic of one particular pro-tein. It was particularly difficult and challenging to detect and measure rare species of proteins. The researchers solved this problem by “predicting” fragments of these proteins on the computer, producing them artificially and measuring the artificial products.
These reference data can now be used to measure the number and type of proteins in any sample of biological ma-terial. This will greatly improve the reliability and reproduc-ibility of proteomics and significantly speed up progress in fundamental and applied research in biology and medicine. The information is stored in a database which is currently being expanded to include data on proteins that were al-tered after being synthesised in the cell.
The researchers, led by Rudolf Aebersold, Professor of Mo-lecular Systems Biology, worked on developing the method and setting up the database and computer infrastructure for about seven years. Decoding the proteome then took only one year. In autumn 2010, the researchers were able to present their groundbreaking work at a specialist confer-ence in Sydney in Australia. Now the reference database is available for all biologists to use in their research.
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Mapping all human proteins
Structure of an apolipoprotein: it transports fat in the blood and is one of the largest known proteins.Researchers have been experimenting for some time with “intelligent” textiles, which could have electronic compo-nents stitched on to, or into them. Now scientists at the Wearable Computing Lab run by Professor Gerhard Tr?ster have gone a step further: they have developed a new tech-nology for attaching thin film electronics and miniaturised, commercially available chips to plastic fibres. The research-ers then succeeded in incorporating these plastic fibres with their numerous microchips and other micro-electronic ele-ments directly into the textile structure of the fabric. The scientists used standard machines normally used in the textile industry to interweave the e-fibres with convention-al yarn. Despite having the electronic components woven into it, the fabric hangs well, can be folded and feels just like normal material, so that clothes made from it can be worn in daily life. The microchips on the plastic ribbons are encapsulated. This means that the fabric can be washed several times in a washing machine at 30 degrees using a mild detergent, without the e-fibres losing their function-ality. At present, the electronic fabric is available in strips. The researchers aim to be able to produce textiles with-out working by hand and in any size, which can be cut into any shape so as to meet the needs of the clothing industry, among other things. Possible applications for these hybrid fabrics would be for monitoring heart rate, supporting ath-letes during training and rehabilitation or monitoring mem-bers of the emergency services and firefighters. Ultimately it may also be possible to incorporate keypads or screens in everyday clothing. Developing these innovative electronic
According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, it is not possible to accurately determine both the position and mo-mentum of an atomic particle such as an electron simulta-neously. This principle is used in quantum information tech-nology – for example, it underlies the security of quantum cryptography as used in the encryption of data. However, the uncertainty principle only applies if all the information avail-able about the electron is in classical format. Now physicists at ETH Zurich led by Professor Renato Renner, together with colleagues from two German universities, have shown that the principle can be rendered invalid by using quantum-mechanical information. Consequently, a would-be hacker using a quantum computer could break a cryptographic system based on the uncertainty principle. The physicists are therefore proposing an extended uncertainty principle which they have formulated, which applies even to quantum
sensor fibres is part of the TecInTex project which comes under the Swiss “nano-tera.ch” initiative.
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information. This means not only that the existing security gaps in quantum cryptography can be closed but also that the quantum properties of the components of quantum me-chanical systems, such as transistors, can be tested.
Y www.qit.ethz.ch
Electronics – in the very fabric
Closing the security gaps in encryption
ETH researchers have succeeded in incorporating micro-electronic components directly into the textile structure of a fabric.
Prize-winning pioneer
Rudolf Aebersold is a pioneer in proteomics, a rela-tively new branch of biology. The term proteomics refers to the study of all the proteins existing in a cell or living organism at a specific time and in specific conditions. The proteome is dynamic and constantly changing. A good example of its dyna-mism is the way a caterpillar changes into a butter-fly. The genome, i.e. the sum total of the genes, is the same in both forms of the organism, but the proteome is different. Researchers hope that pro-teomics will help them find new and effective substances to treat cancer, infections, and certain diseases of the nervous system.
In recognition of his outstanding and pioneering work in proteomics, Rudolf Aebersold, together with Professor Amos Bairoch of the University of Geneva, won the Otto Naegeli Prize for the promo-tion of medical research in April 2010, one of the most important scientific prizes in Switzerland. He was honoured for his development of analyt-ical methods and computer models which make it possible to identify proteins and measure them quantitatively.
The Atacama desert in Northern Chile is a Mecca for astron-omers. The extremely dry conditions mean that the observ-atories located there have a clear view far beyond our so-lar system, to distant stars and galaxies – and to planets orbiting other stars. These so-called exoplanets are very faint light sources which cannot be seen with conventional telescopes, as they are outshone by the light halo of their parent star. With the help of coronagraphs, which block out the light from the parent star, the existence of an exoplanet was directly verified for the first time a few years ago. Now scientists have developed an optical system for the Very Large Telescope in Chile which makes looking for exoplanets and studying these objects much easier. All that is required now is one optical component, the “apodising phase plate”, which minimises the diffraction of the starlight. The Insti-tute for Astronomy at ETH Zurich played an important role in its development.
When the light falls on the new optical system, fine grooves on the surface of the apodising phase plate alter the light waves. Part of the star’s light is used to block out the bright diffracted light on one side of the star. In this way, faint light sources become visible. Thanks to this new opti-cal system, only the size of a five-franc piece, the researchers have succeeded in confirming the existence of an exoplanet and collecting information about its movements, tempera-ture and atmosphere.
Y www.exp-astro.phys.ethz.ch
Christoph Walther, a doctoral student in the Quantum Op-toelectronics Group at ETH Zurich, together with four col-leagues, has used a new concept to develop by far the small-est electrically pumped laser in the world. This could one day revolutionise chip technology.
The laser is 30 micrometres, i.e. 30 thousandths of a mil-limetre, long and 8 micrometres high, and emits light with a wavelength of 200 micrometres. That makes it considerably smaller than the wavelength of the light it emits – a major scientific breakthrough. Normally, lasers cannot be smaller than the wavelength of the light they emit. In a convention-al laser, light waves cause an optical resonator to oscillate, just like acoustic waves oscillate the soundbox of a guitar. There, the light waves, in simple terms, travel between two reflectors. However, the reflectors must be bigger than the wavelength of the laser. Christoph Walther and other members of the team around their doctoral supervisor Jér?me Faist, Professor and head of the Quantum Optoelectronics Group, have developed an entirely new concept for lasers. Taking inspiration from elec-tronics, they do not use an optical resonator but an electric oscillating circuit consisting of an inductor and two capaci-tors. The light is effectively “captured” in it and induced into self-sustaining electromagnetic oscillations on the spot us-ing an optical amplifier.
This method means the size of the resonator is no longer limited by the wavelength of the light and can in principle be scaled down to any size. This makes microlasers interest-ing to chip manufacturers as an optical alternative to tran-sistors, as it could considerably speed up the exchange of data on microprocessors.
Y www.qoe.ethz.ch
New optical system for exploring exoplanets
The smallest microlaser in the world The exoplanet Beta Pictoris b only becomes visible when an engraved
filter is used to block out the light from the star Beta Pictoris.
Fewer traffic jams and CO2 emissions thanks to
intelligent traffic lights
01– In the future, self-controlling traffic lights could pre-
vent traffic jams and help motorists to save petrol and re-
duce emissions. In the procedure developed by ETH Profes-
sor Dirk Helbing with colleagues from the TU Dresden and
subsequently patented, traffic lights are fitted with sensors
which continuously record traffic levels. With the help of
special processors and mathematical algorithms, the traf-
fic lights can calculate the future traffic flow. This means
that the time for which they stay green can be optimised
so that drivers have to wait for as short a time as possible.
A pilot study in Dresden produced very good results: if the
intelligent traffic lights exchange information about traffic
levels and change synchronously with adjacent ones along
a stretch of road, journey times can be reduced by up to 30%.
Y www.soms.ethz.ch/research/index
New fungus threatens ash trees
03 – In 2010, researchers at the Institute of Integrative Biol-
ogy described a new type of fungus which is responsible for
the dying off of ash trees that has been occurring recently in
Switzerland. The fungus spread rapidly from Eastern Poland
to Central Europe and occurred for the first time in Switzer-
land in 2008 – it is now widespread there north of the Alps.
The fungus affects ash trees of all ages, which eventually die.
Scientists believed that the harmful fungus was the species
Hymenoscyphus albidus, which has been known since 1851.
However, ETH doctoral student Valentin Queloz discovered
that a different species is responsible for the damage and
described it as H. pseudoalbidus.
Herbariums show that H. pseudoalbidus has existed
alongside H. albidus for a long time. However, it is unclear
whether the newly described species has always caused dis-
ease. ETH researchers are therefore investigating the popu-
lation structure of the fungus.
Producing fine chemicals with no waste
products from fuel cells
02 – Researchers in the group led by Hansj?rg Grützmacher,
Professor at the Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, together
with colleagues in Italy, have developed a new organome-
tallic fuel cell. It converts alcohols or sugars from sustain-
able raw materials, via an intermediate stage, into acids and
so generates CO2-free electrical energy. Using this appara-
tus, chemists can, for example, produce lactic acid without
generating any waste.
What is special about this fuel cell is the anode, which has
an embedded molecular rhodium complex. This serves as
the catalyst for various reactions, during which it forms and
changes progressively. In this way the metal complex can
convert various different substances. The development of
this fuel cell is an important step forward towards sustain-
able chemistry and clean electricity.
Y https://www.wendangku.net/doc/636716609.html,c.ethz.ch
HCFC ban noticeably affecting the ozone layer
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) make a major contribu-
tion to damaging the ozone layer and are important green-
house gases. The Montreal Protocol in 1987 aimed to reduce
the release of HCFCs – for example from aerosol cans. It
was already believed that the protocol was having an effect
and helping the ozone layer, which protects us from can-
cer-causing UV radiation, to regenerate. Now, for the first
time, this has been proved by researchers at the Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science at ETH Zurich, by car-
rying out statistical analyses on long-term measurements
taken around the world. These show that the thickness of
the ozone layer is increasing again worldwide. Nevertheless,
the hole in the ozone layer over the South Pole will not close
up again until 2070 or 2080.
Y
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2223 Core duties– Knowledge and technology transfer
Transferring knowledge and technology into society is one of ETH Zurich’s primary respons-ibilities. It supports young companies spawned by the university, sets up links with business and enters into strategic alliances with industry.
In 2010, 1902 young people completed their Master studies or gained a doctorate at ETH Zurich. Many of those will go on to occupy important positions in business and society in the future. According to a study carried out in 2007, a third of the senior managers in Swiss industry graduated from ETH Zurich. That means that ETH Zurich is training more of the country’s leaders than any other university. It is through well-trained graduates that most of the knowledge transfer from the university into industry takes place.
One important reason why ETH graduates are in de-mand is precisely because the university pays attention to the needs of industry. In 2010, the annual ETH-Industry Dia-logue on the Future was held for the tenth time. Represent-atives from the two Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology discussed future developments with leading personalities from industry and politics. Under the title “What kind of ac-ademic support does Swiss industry require?”, participants worked on concrete proposals in the fields of materials sci-ence, medical technology, energy and micro- and nanotech-nology which could help secure the success of these sectors in Switzerland in the long term.
Spin-off companies
There is no shortage of entrepreneurial spirit at ETH Zurich. Some young people start up their own companies even while they are studying or taking their doctorate. Since 2006 alone, over 100 spin-off companies have been estab-lished at ETH Zurich. The university supports the next gen-eration of entrepreneurs with its technology transfer office, ETH transfer. This helps them with setting up a company and finding investors. ETH Zurich also helps its researchers to protect their intellectual property by using patents and li-cences. Take, for example, the founders of the company Ark-tis Radiation Detectors: these young researchers developed a detector which can distinguish between harmful radio-active materials and harmless ones. Company founder Rico Chandra worked on the basic principles of the device when he was an ETH doctoral student at the Institute for Particle Physics at CERN. ETH Zurich was impressed by the idea and the commercial potential of the technology, registered the patent and paid the fees. ETH Zurich now holds the property rights, and the spin-off has a licence for exclusive use. The company is currently negotiating with various companies and government organisations in the USA. The first big or-der is expected to be placed in 2011.
There is no rulebook for how to set up a successful spin-off company. However, young entrepreneurs can look to ex-isting successful spin-offs from ETH Zurich as a guide. To encourage interaction between them, in 2010 for the first time Roland Siegwart, ETH Vice President Research and Cor-porate Relations, invited all ETH spin-off companies to a spe-cial event. Over 60 founders of new companies took the op-portunity to share their experiences with colleagues. Young companies have potential
Thomas Knecht, ETH graduate and former director of McKin-sey Switzerland, recognised that it was worthwhile support-ing new companies as much as ten years ago. Together with ETH Zurich, he persuaded ten Swiss companies to invest ten million francs each in a fund, for ten years. Along with ABB, Hilti, Schindler and Sulzer, these were Nestlé, Novartis, Suva and the banks CS, Pictet and ZKB. And so the Venture Incuba-tor was born. Since its foundation, the investment company has invested 117 million Swiss francs in 35 young companies and created about 750 jobs. By selling shares in the compa-nies it supported, it made 59 million francs, which in turn is being invested in the financing of more new companies.
In 2010, Venture Incubator celebrated its tenth anniver-sary at ETH Zurich. To mark the anniversary, the investors and institutions involved decided to convert the fund into a permanent commitment, an Evergreen Fund. Partnerships
Partnerships are an important channel for knowledge trans-fer. In 2010 ETH Zurich signed an agreement on cooperation with the Walt Disney Company. Since April, 30 computer sci-entists have been working at Disney Research Zurich (DRZ) at ETH Zurich, under the leadership of Markus Gross, Profes-sor of Computer Science. At the only research laboratory run by the Walt Disney Company outside the USA, the scientists are researching the future of video, computer-aided film technology and the animation of images and faces. These animations are used in various sectors of industry round the world. In 2010, the DRZ won the Tell Award, a prize award-ed annually to recognise major investment in innovative
projects by North American companies in Switzerland.
Encouraging young companies
Successful ETH spin-off: Optotune develops special lenses which perfectly mimic the human eye and can be used for cameras in ultra-thin
mobile phones.
Successful young ETH entrepreneurs
The number of prizes and awards which were won by young ETH entrepreneurs in 2010 is proof of how well ETH spin-offs are doing.
The Swiss Innovation Forum has been presenting the Swiss Technology Award since 1987, in order to give the most innovative ideas the chance to enter the market quickly. In 2010, the awards in all categories went to ETH spin-offs. The company Malcisbo won in the Seed category. It produces a new generation of vaccines based on sugars. The aim is to vaccinate hens against the campylobacter bacterium, which is responsible for most cases of food poisoning worldwide. The award in the Start-up category was won by the founders of Optotune. They develop special lenses which perfectly mimic the human eye. The lenses can be used, among other things, in endoscopies and for cameras in ultra-thin mobile phones. HeiQ Materials AG was the win-ning company in the Maturity stage category. This ETH spin-off took only a very short time to develop a textile fleece material called Oilguard. The fleece mats can absorb six times their own weight in oil and so can help combat pollution after oil spills.
In 2010, three ETH spin-offs won the “Venture Kick” competition, giving them each 130,000 francs in start-up capital: Malcisbo, Climeworks and Habtronics. And the CTI Medtech Award, worth 10,000 francs, went to a spin-off compliant concept for a special hospital bed to prevent bedsores.
A good example of the success of ETH spin-off compa-nies is Sensirion, one of the world’s leading manu- facturers of industrial sensors in St?fa. Having won the first Venture competition in 1998, it won the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2010.
Y www.transfer.ethz.ch/index_EN
Y www.ventureincubator.ch
ETH Zurich as an enterprise
Qualitative growth and rising student numbers place high demands on infrastructure and staff. The responsible use of resources is an important priority, and not only when it comes to campus development. Excellent financial management is also called for in the job of providing reliable finance for outstanding performance in education and research.
The rapidly rising student numbers, the planned increase in professorships and therefore the growing demand for space are presenting the real estate management at ETH Zurich with a genuine challenge. Over the coming years, the university must increase its available space accordingly.
At the end of 2010, over 16,000 students and doctoral stu-dents were registered at ETH Zurich, a quarter more than in 2005 (Y Page 10 ff.). This growth has brought the infrastruc-ture for certain programmes, such as Architecture and Me-chanical Engineering, to the limits of their capacity. For the first time, lectures for the Mechanical Engineering course had to be broadcast to a second lecture theatre. To relieve this difficult situation requires immediate measures such as renting additional premises, but also new buildings and greater efficiency in renovations. Additional premises are also required for the planned new professorships.
ETH Zurich will have to invest considerably more in real estate in future if it is to keep up with the still growing de-mand. New sources of funding are needed in addition to fi-nancing from the public purse (Y Page 32 ff.). In this con-text, a comparison of the increase in space at other Swiss universities over the last three decades shows that the rate of growth at the two Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology has been extremely modest. Whereas the space per student at other universities has grown by 14 percent on average, at ETH Zurich it has fallen by the same amount.
Major projects bring relief
For the years up to 2016, no fewer than 17 new buildings and upgrades, requiring investments of over 1 billion francs, are planned or already underway under ETH Zurich’s scope of responsibility. Close to the ETH Main Building, the Oberer Leonhard office block is being built, on which work advanced rapidly during 2010. The dismantling work is finished and the preparatory excavation work has been completed. From 2013, the building will provide urgently needed space for en-gineers in the city centre, including 400 workstations, and a seminar and continuing education centre.
At the ETH Science City campus on the H?nggerberg, the Life Science Platform, a building for teaching and re-searching in the biomedical sciences, has taken visible shape. From 2012, the new building will provide more than 400 workstations, mainly in laboratories, in an area cover-ing 6700 square metres. The animal experimentation area will be able to house up to 40,000 rodents, kept in com-
pliance with strict international regulations. About half of
all ETH departments will benefit from this new infrastruc-
ture. The Life Science Platform is not only intended for use
by ETH researchers but is also available to external scien-
tists from the university sector or from industry, for part-
nership projects. This strengthens links with industry and
drives forward knowledge and technology transfer. The
building breaks new ground not only in terms of sharing
scientific knowledge but also in its energy supply: it will be
the first ETH laboratory building to meet the Minergie Eco?
standard and will be connected to the earth storage system
which is currently being set up on the H?nggerberg campus.
(Y Page 30 ff.)
New building in Lugano is at the heart of the national
computing strategy
The foundation stone for the new Swiss National Super-
computing Centre CSCS in Lugano-Cornaredo was laid in
autumn 2010. This will form the core infrastructure for the
national Strategy for High Performance Computing and
Networking which was launched in 2007 and will mark the
start of a new era in computing in Switzerland. The build-
ing, with 11,700 square metres of main usable space and
55 office workstations, will be ready for occupation during
2012. By then, the CSCS should have a petaflop computer,
which will be one of the most powerful supercomputers in
the world. The new building will also set new standards in
terms of energy efficiency. For example, the entire comput-
ing rooms will not be cooled, as is normally the case, but just
the computers themselves. They will be cooled using water
from Lake Lugano at a temperature of six degrees. The office
block of the CSCS is intended to be a certified Minergie
building and the waste heat from the computers will be
made available for public use at no charge. ETH Zurich is in-
vesting about 80 million francs in the new building.
Support for new residential and crèche infrastructure
It is in the interests of ETH Zurich also to help its members
with their space requirements beyond education and re-
search. On city-centre site, work began in 2010 on the build-
ing of a new crèche by the Foundation for Childcare in the
Zurich University Area. The crèche will open in 2011 and offer
48 childcare places.
ETH Zurich is supporting various construction projects
in order to help meet the huge demand from students for
affordable accommodation. It is expected that work will be-
gin in 2013 on building 400 housing units for students on
the H?nggerberg campus. The investors are ETH Zurich and
the Zurich Student Housing Foundation. The same founda-
tion is also responsible for a project to build 180 residential
units on B?chlerstrasse in Zurich-Affoltern. The foundation
stone was laid here in 2010 and the flats should be ready for
occupation in 2011.
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Intensive construction work
Artist’s impression of the planned new Oberer Leonhard building, with view from the Polyterrasse. From 2013, the building will provide
urgently needed space for engineers on the city-centre campus.
“Expanding and renewing the infra-
structure is essential for the continuing
development of ETH Zurich over the
coming years.”
Roman Boutellier, Vice President Human Resources and
Infrastructure
Almost 25,000 people from 80 countries work and study at ETH Zurich every day. In addition, there are academic visitors attending conferences and congresses at the university – and they all need to be fed. Serving around 180 different meals every week in 19 facilities, ETH Zurich offers the widest choice of catering of any university in Switzerland. In recent years, the complete range of services has been examined in the light of rising visitor numbers, changing consumer re-quirements and expectations and also the level of direct and indirect subsidy from ETH Zurich. A new catering concept was produced describing how to provide varied, healthy and sustainable food at ETH Zurich and showing how manage-ment structures could be simplified, partner organisations integrated in the system, and financial risks reduced. Step by step towards increased competition
Last year, ETH Zurich signed an entirely revised framework contract with its long-standing provider of catering services SV (Schweiz) AG. The aim of the new approach is to make the range of options more clearly differentiated, while con-tinuing to offer students and employees a reasonably priced, subsidised basic service. Under the new contract, the individ-ual catering facilities accept more commercial responsibility, and in return can determine their own opening hours, prod-uct range and prices to suit the customers, within set limits. New services at the city-centre and Science City campuses The new catering concept takes account of the different sit-uations and catering requirements at the two ETH campus-es, the city-centre site and Science City on the H?nggerberg. At the city-centre site, there is a dense network of catering facilities at ETH Zurich, in close proximity to competing services belonging to the University of Zurich and in the nearby city. By contrast, visitor surveys show that 85 percent of people travelling to the H?nggerberg every day eat in the catering facilities on the campus, mainly because there are no other alternatives at all in the immediate vicinity. Conse-quently, different local strategies have been adopted for the two sites. Both sites are following the trend towards inter-national, freshly prepared dishes.
In July 2010, the Alumni Lounge was opened in Science City, built thanks to a donation from the ETH Alumni Asso-ciation. During term time, the catering facility is open until 10 p.m., to suit the eating and working habits of the re-searchers and students. Whether you want muesli, tomato salad, ginger soup or pasta and mince: in the Alumni Lounge everything is served in a preserving jar.
When the D-GESS department moved into the former computing centre, the new G-ESSbar was created: since last August it has been offering, in addition to what was
ETH Zurich is very concerned for the well-being of its staff
and students. Having highly motivated and well-trained
staff, and encouraging a respectful approach in an environ-
ment where diversity is the norm, forms the basis for the
university’s success.
More places for apprentices
Sound basic training is what produces good staff. That is why
an apprenticeship at ETH Zurich is very highly regarded. The
number of people completing the training has risen stead-
ily in recent years: while in 2004 36 apprentices successfully
celebrated the end of their training, in 2010 there were 47.
For about 60 years now, ETH Zurich has been training
young people in 13 different trades – for example as electron-
ics technicians, design engineers or laboratory technicians.
The university runs its own training laboratories for Chemis-
try, Biology, Electronics and Physics. Here, and in the training
workshop, which also belongs to the university, apprentices
can build up a great deal of practical experience. The appeal
of the training at ETH Zurich is reflected in the number of ap-
plicants: last year about 1000 young people applied for the
51 apprenticeships on offer.
Encouraging development
ETH Zurich also attaches great importance to continuing
education for its employees. For example, employees in
management, staff and support functions can now take
a sabbatical abroad. By offering this “time out” from their
regular duties, the university is encouraging the specialist,
social and personal development of its outstanding em-
ployees and giving them the opportunity to broaden their
horizons and gain new ideas for their work at ETH Zurich.
Last year eight employees took advantage of the oppor-
tunity to spend two to six months working either at one
of the four outposts of the Swiss organisation for science,
technology and culture (swissnex) in Boston, San Francisco,
Shanghai or Singapore, or at one of the member universities
of the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU),
to which ETH Zurich also belongs.
First gender monitoring report
One particular challenge in the academic environment is
how to guarantee equality of opportunities for men and
women. A Gender Monitoring Report produced by ETH Zu-
rich in 2010 recorded how the proportion of women at the
different stages of an academic career had changed be-
tween 2000 and 2009. It revealed the so-called “leaky pipe-
line” that is typical for universities: whereas at least 30 per-
cent of the students are women, among full and associate
professors the proportion of women is only about 8 percent –
available previously, a daily changing set meal, fresh salads
and hot snacks. In the ETH Main Building, the Polysnack has
been renovated. Since September 2010, this small café has
been serving fresh pasta and pizza. In 2011, other ETH Zurich
catering facilities will be offering appealing new ranges of
food at the city-centre site: the Clausiusbar will be a Pan-
Asian restaurant serving vegetarian and wok dishes, with
daily changing dishes from India, Thailand, China and Japan.
The Gloriabar, another small café, will also reopen serving
a wider range of grilled food and pasta. Guests will be able
to put together all their meals to suit their individual taste
and budget.
Y www.gastro.ethz.ch/index_EN
although the “leakiness” occurs at different rates in differ-
ent departments. This detailed analysis of the proportion of
women will now be used as the basis for developing effec-
tive measures for achieving equality.
A respectful approach
ETH Zurich owes its success not only to researchers but also
to motivated employees from Switzerland and elsewhere.
Respect and preservation of personal integrity provide fer-
tile ground for excellent results. We are reminded of this by
the updated “Respect” campaign under the patronage of
ETH President Ralph Eichler, which was first launched six
years ago. With the campaign, ETH Zurich wants to set a
benchmark for a university with no discrimination, no sex-
ual harassment, no bullying and no threats or violence. If
anyone does feel they are suffering from a lack of respect,
there are competent points of contact at the university for
all problem areas.
Y https://www.pa.ethz.ch/index_EN
Y www.respekt.ethz.ch/index_EN
Y www.equal.ethz.ch
Y www.lehrling.ethz.ch
A new approach to catering at ETH
An attractive and safe environment
Catering facility at the Science City campus: ETH Zurich offers the widest range of catering facilities of any university in Switzerland.Motivated, well-trained staff and a respectful approach form the basis for the university’s success.
3031 Enterprise– Responsible use of resources
In the last year, ETH Zurich has continued to embed a sustainable approach even more firmly in its education, research and university activities. In dialogue with external interested parties and the general public, it has also been able to find new ways of protecting the environment and resources.
For ETH Zurich, sustainability is an important strategic re-sponsibility, across the board. In the coordinating office ETH Sustainability, the university has an expert agency to initi-ate projects and form a network of specialists. In 2010, the Executive Board, together with 19 other leading universi-ties, signed up to the “International Sustainable Campus Network Charter”. This commits the universities to follow guidelines on sustainability in their construction work, cam-pus development and the integration of infrastructure, re-search and education.
Sustainable campus: Science City
Something which attracted a great deal of attention in spe-cialist circles was the initiative by the Department of Ar-chitecture on zero emissions architecture. Because, in view of the climate problem, CO2 emissions will have to be cut far more drastically than was at first thought, architects are demanding that the house of the future should have an emission-free energy supply. One of the ways this can be achieved is by consistently using renewable energies and by exploiting the great progress that has been made in building technologies. For example, solar panels have been developed at ETH Zurich which produce both heat and electricity at the same time. There is also an earth storage system which makes it possible to store the waste heat that is generated, for example by people and computers, deep inside the earth in summer. In winter, the system feeds the warmth back into the building to heat it. This avoids the use of fossil fuels. The buildings on the Science City cam-pus are gradually being connected to such an earth storage system. Since 2009, over 300 geothermal probes have been sunk 200 metres into the ground, and underground storage tanks constructed.
As well as to high energy efficiency, ETH Zurich also at-taches great importance in its new buildings to using the most environmentally friendly materials, for example in the construction of the new Life Science Platform in compliance with the Minergie Eco? label. The HPZ building on the H?ng-gerberg, dating from 1969, is currently being refurbished according to the principle of zero emissions architecture. As part of a research project run by the Chair of Building Sys-
tems, the HPZ building is being fitted with windows made of
innovative, temperature-controlling glass, and an intelligent
ventilation system. Close by, the HPP practical physics build-
ing is also being upgraded; this should reduce its energy con-
sumption by 60 percent.
ETH Zurich is taking many other steps to increase the
sustainability of its infrastructure: technical adjustments
and the reduction of stand-by losses are helping to reduce
energy consumption still further. The ideas developed by
students and employees at the second Ecoworks Workshop
begin directly with people’s behaviour. Now the three best
projects are to be implemented. For example, a network of
members of ETH is being created which hopes, by launching
joint campaigns and with the support of a web application,
to save about 30 tonnes of CO2 in a year. A system is also be-
ing set up for hiring out electric bicycles for people commut-
ing between the city-centre and H?nggerberg sites.
Sharing knowledge about sustainability and putting it
into practice
In 2010, ETH students of Architecture, Environmental Engi-
neering and Economics were studying the question of what
sustainability means for rapidly growing cities in develop-
ing countries. Specifically, at the ETHiopia Summer School
they worked with Ethiopian students to build the prototype
of a sustainable residential building in the Ethiopian capital
Addis Ababa. The Sustainable Urban Dwelling Unit (SUDU)
offers the poorer members of the population of Ethiopia
an intelligent alternative to their normal accommodation
made of corrugated steel. SUDU is a perfect example of ETH
Zurich’s commitment to sustainability: it combines interdis-
ciplinary research with local skills and resources and takes
account of the needs of the population.
Exhibition and dialogue about sustainability
ETH Zurich is the leading house for the Competence Center
Environment and Sustainability of the ETH Domain (CCES),
which was set up in 2006 and has about 600 associated
researchers. This competence centre is working on the
scientific principles for sustainable development in its
main areas of interest and disseminates them in society.
A showcase for this interdisciplinary research came in the
form of the CCES Latsis Symposium 2010 called “Research
in Environment and Sustainability – Insights and Conclu-
sions”, which took place at ETH Zurich in November 2010.
The symposium presented 19 research projects in the fields
of climate and environmental change, natural hazards and
risks, natural resources, sustainable land use, and nutrition,
the environment and health.
In view of the rapidly growing world population, secur-
ing food supplies sustainably is a global challenge. That is
why the Executive Board has established a new focus for
research in the form of the World Food System Competence
Centre (Y Page 14 ff.). The Tropentag (an annual interna-
tional conference on tropical and subtropical agricultural
research and natural resource management) was hosted by
ETH Zurich for the first time, organised by the North-South
Centre, and was also dedicated to the whole area of food.
Under the title “World food system – a contribution from
Europe”, about 800 experts from over 80 countries dis-
cussed how the security and quality of food supplies could
be sustainably developed and improved in tropical and sub-
tropical regions.
Y www.sustainability.ethz.ch/index_EN
Y https://www.wendangku.net/doc/636716609.html,es.ethz.ch
Y www.umwelt.ethz.ch
Y www.seed.ethz.ch
Y www.ecoworks.ethz.ch/index_EN
Sustainability established as the guiding principle
Master students and doctoral students want to help farmers in Ghana to replace conventional fertilisers by organic ones in arable
farming. The project at the Climate-KIC Summer School received an international SEED Award.
3233 Enterprise – Financial management
In recent years, increases in funding have not kept pace with the dynamic growth of ETH Zurich. By taking many different measures, the financial management team last year succeeded in providing the necessary resources for education, research and infrastructure. In the longer term, only additional resources and an integrated financial planning system will help.
ETH Zurich is enjoying tremendous success. The growing student numbers and the huge number of research projects that have been won competitively provide impressive proof of this. Thanks to its ability to focus its education and re-search on the problems that are relevant to society, the uni-versity has further consolidated its leading international position. However, this successful trend is accompanied by a growing need for finance, to overcome shortfalls in the in-frastructure and maintain the quality of the education pro-vided. Continuous increases in efficiency and tapping into new sources of third-party funding are not in themselves able to make up the difference sustainably. Rather, what is needed is growth in real terms, and assured for the long term, in the global budget based on the federal financial contribution.
In 2010, ETH Zurich’s budget appropriations amounted to 1359 million francs (up 4 percent on 2009). Of that, 1082 million francs were accounted for by the federal financial contribution (incl. the real estate investment credit). The to-tal expenditure financed by third-party funding rose to 277 million francs. Especially what is called secondary funding, i.e. funding for research that is obtained competitively from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the EU, the CTI and federal research contracts, was again unusually high, up
12 percent on the previous year.
Innovative research projects need infrastructure
ETH Zurich is one of the most prestigious research universi-
ties in the world. Every year, scientists at ETH Zurich apply
successfully for national and international research fund-
ing (Y Page 14 ff.). Whereas in the last ten years the federal
financial contribution (primary funding) has increased by
only an average of 0.9 percent per year when adjusted for
inflation, the volume of project-based secondary and third-
party funding obtained competitively has more than dou-
bled in the same period. However, this success cuts both
ways: the money acquired in this way is specifically ear-
marked for individual research projects and so is not avail-
able for other purposes, most importantly education. Even
for the research projects, it generally only covers immediate
staffing costs for the researchers involved, and some mate-
rial costs. However, it does not help to bear the cost of the
infrastructure which is essential for the successful comple-
tion of a project, especially in the experimental sciences.
This includes premises with modern laboratory worksta-
tions and specialist scientific apparatus. Calculations based
on full costs show that project sponsorship only covers 55
percent of what such a project actually costs. The remaining
45 percent are indirect (infrastructure) costs. There is there-
fore additional expenditure equating to 80 percent of the
amount promised in project sponsorship.
Admittedly, nowadays most project sponsorship in-
cludes what is called an overheads supplement, but this
usually by no means covers the actual costs. For example,
the overheads rate for the Swiss National Science Founda-
tion is currently 15 percent. This means that the extra infra-
structure costs have to be funded from the basic financ-
ing provided by the federal government (primary funding).
However, this then leads to shortages elsewhere, particu-
larly in education.
How to maintain the standard of education with continu-
ing growth in student numbers
The continuing rapid growth in student numbers (Y Page
10 ff.) is proof that the national and international appeal of
ETH Zurich as a high-profile centre of education remains as
strong as ever. To maintain its quality standards in educa-
tion, ETH Zurich needs more lecturers and supervisors. Se-
vere problems with capacity on certain courses are making
the organisation and conduct of classes extremely diffi-
cult. On all fronts, the demand for lecture theatres, student
workspaces and places for practical work in laboratories is
increasing. All these extra tasks have to be financed.
Setting priorities and efficient financial management
In view of the existing space constraints, a top priority is to
renew and expand the infrastructure (Y Page 26 ff.). How
to make the substantial investment required with the avail-
able resources is a big challenge for the financial managers
of the university and is forcing cutbacks in other areas. In
order to keep the finances on an even keel in the medium
term, a long-term integrated financial planning system is
essential, combined with the best possible management
of resources at all levels. In 2010, the Executive Board in-
troduced a number of measures to slow down rising costs.
For example, all departments and administrative areas are
receiving less money for 2011; budgets for basic financing
were cut by 2.5 percent.
Individual steps also help with savings
During 2010, numerous internal services and operational
processes were examined for their potential for cost-cutting
and improvement. For example, the university’s own vehi-
cle fleet was largely sold off; in future these services will be
obtained from an external provider. The contracts with the
suppliers and operators of catering services were also rene-
gotiated (Y Page 28). There are targeted efforts underway in
IT to make use of any existing potential for synergy: software
and hardware will now be bought and operated in bulk, on
a cross-departmental basis. Finally, the purchasing of goods
and services will be more centrally planned and coordinated,
bringing a noticeable reduction in procurement costs.
Beacon of hope from donations
It is not least thanks to additional third-party funding in the
form of donations that ETH Zurich is able to recruit new pro-
fessors in forward-looking areas of research. A special role
in this is played by the ETH Zurich Foundation, which, as an
independent foundation under private law, obtains funds
for the university from private individuals, companies and
organisations. In 2010, four new professorships and three
assistant professorships were set up thanks to the success-
ful work of the ETH Zurich Foundation.
Maintaining standards of excellence
Improved financial management and extra third-party
funding have helped in the short term to circumvent the
structural shortfalls in financing that were appearing. Fur-
ther moderate increase of project-based secondary and
third-party funding, as supplementary financing, will un-
doubtedly also help ETH Zurich to expand and strengthen
its research activities in future and, in some cases, speed up
planned investment or research projects. However, if ETH
Zurich is to maintain its leading position in international
competition in the future, it will continue to be dependent
on solid basic funding from primary sources. What is needed
is growth in real terms, and assured for the long term, in the
global budget based on the federal financial contribution.
Y www.fc.ethz.ch
The success calls for efficient financial management
“To secure our academic development,
we must fully exploit all potential
sources of financing.”
Robert Perich, Vice President Finance and Controlling Growth in student numbers of +53% since 2000 must be set against growth in the federal financial contribution of only 20% in the same period.
Social commitment of ETH Zurich
ETH Zurich performs many services on behalf of the federal government and is responsible for cultural facilities in the form of museums and archives. To make its expertise accessible to society at large, it maintains a close dialogue with the general public, relying increasingly for that purpose on electronic knowledge platforms.
ETH Zurich performs numerous important services. One of these is to ensure that there is a steady flow of new knowledge into society. In order to make its expertise widely accessible, ETH Zurich is relying more and more on elec-tronic knowledge platforms.
ETH Zurich is not only a first-rate centre for education and research, but it also uses its expert knowledge to provide services for society in general. ETH expertise is in demand: in 2010, with the breakthrough of the east tunnel of the Gotthard Base Tunnel, a major milestone was reached in one of the most important construction projects of the cen-tury, and experts from ETH Zurich are involved in it in all kinds of ways (Y Page 39). Again in recent crisis situations, ETH experts have been able to be of assistance, for example when the eruption of an Icelandic volcano brought global air traffic temporarily to a standstill (Y Page 38). The Swiss Seismological Service performs a constant public service task on behalf of the federal government, while the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre CSCS in Manno/Lugano is developing and delivering technical and scientific super-computing services for the academic world. Climate research and economics for everyone
A key theme of the many and varied services which the uni-versity provides for the general public is to make relevant knowledge widely accessible. In this, electronic knowledge platforms of all kinds are becoming more and more impor-tant. In its first year, the ETH climate blog brought together climate experts from ETH Zurich, industry and society on a publicly accessible platform. The general public had the op-portunity not only to share in the climate knowledge of the experts but also to take part in the discussion with their
own contributions. The blog entries are now also published by “news.ch“ and “Beobachter online”.
As a consequence of the financial crisis, demand by the general public for economic expertise has increased hugely. In order to be able to make its knowledge available to so-ciety even more easily than before, the Swiss Institute for Business Cycle Research KOF at ETH Zurich (KOF) launched the Internet platform “?konomenstimme” (Voice of Econ-omists). Since March 2010, economists have been present-ing the results of their research to the German-speaking public on this platform. It works closely with media part-ners such as the “Handelsblatt”, “Neue Zürcher Zeitung” and “Die Presse” and with the English-language economists’ platform “Vox” in Great Britain and its equivalents in France, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands. ETH Library Knowledge Portal
One of the key knowledge hubs is the ETH Library (ETH- Bibliothek). Its services and resources are also available to the general public. By setting up its new Knowledge Por-tal on the Internet, the ETH Library is responding to the changed information needs and working methods in the ac-ademic world and the expectations of what are called “dig-ital natives”, young people who have grown up with digital technologies. The portal provides a central point of access allowing searches for electronic and printed documents in all kinds of information resources.
Search engine technology is used to query different in-formation sources at the same time – a total of about 29 mil-lion documents. These include all the stock of the NEBIS li-brary network which lists the holdings of about 90 different libraries, the document server ETH E-Collection, the Online Image Archival Database and the Online Archival Database. Furthermore, the Digital Article Database Service DADS pro-vided by the Technical Information Center of Denmark is used to search the metadata for about 25 million electronic journal articles. The portal also incorporates the retro.seals.ch platform, giving access to full-text versions of about 100 journals in digitised format. Over the next few years, other information services will be added to the Knowledge Portal, making it the main, all-inclusive search tool for ETH Zurich and the general public.
However, it is not only digital searching which has been expanded. The ETH Library is also specifically preparing for the future of the electronic library. The aim is to make more and more content available digitally. As an important centre of expertise, the ETH Library is providing vital assistance in a number of projects with the digitisation of books, journals, images and archive material. For example, it is working with the C.G. Jung Institute on digitising a valuable collection of
books on alchemy. The ETH Library plays a national role in the E-lib.ch project. This cooperation project, with about 20 sub-projects, is preparing for the Electronic Library of Switzer-land. The leadership and coordination of the whole project is based at the ETH Library. The ETH Library has also been com-missioned to carry out a digital data preservation project de-signed to secure the data of ETH Zurich for the future. Max Frisch Archive ready for the 100th anniversary The Max Frisch Archive at the ETH Library also greatly strengthened its electronic presence on the Internet dur-ing 2010. In this way, the archive is preparing for the forth-coming 100th anniversary of the birth of Max Frisch in 2011, which will be marked by a number of exhibitions and spe-cial events. Since March 2010, the new archive database has allowed people to search the holdings of the archive. Then in December an image database went online, containing about 3500 photographs so far for which the content and copyrights have been indexed. This visual access enables both researchers and the wider public to take a new look at the life and works of Max Frisch.
Y http://blogs.ethz.ch/klimablog Y https://www.wendangku.net/doc/636716609.html, Y www.library.ethz.ch/en Y www.mfa.ethz.ch/en
Increasing knowledge – sharing knowledge
“Digital knowledge platforms make knowledge available to all.”
Ralph Eichler, President of ETH Zurich
The new Knowledge Portal: digital collections, search platforms and sorting by subject area allow quick access to digitised documents.
留学瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院授课语言分析
留学瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院授课语言分析 我们先来了解下苏黎世联邦理工学院： 苏黎世联邦理工学院（又名瑞士联邦理工学院，德语名EidgenssischeTechnischeHochschuleZürich，简称ETHZürich，英文 名SwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyZurich），坐落于瑞士苏黎世，是享誉世界的世界研究型大学，连续多年位居欧洲大陆高校翘首，享 有“欧陆第一名校”的美誉，在2019年QS世界大学综合排名中列世 界第7。 ETH是德语区高校之最，在全世界范围与英语教学下的美国麻省 理工学院享有同样崇高的声誉。苏黎世联邦理工同其姊妹学校洛桑联 邦理工学院及所属研究机构共同构成了瑞士联邦理工学院，隶属于瑞 士联邦政府。 截止2017年，学院的校友、教授和研究人员中，共有包括爱因 斯坦在内的32位诺贝尔奖得主。现今仍有很多获奖者在教学科研第一线，该校还是国际研究型大*盟、IDEA联盟等国际高校合作组织的成员。 苏黎世联邦理工学院在2016年QS世界大学综合排名中列世界第 9位；2017年QS世界大学综合排名中列世界第8位；2018年QS世界 大学综合排名中列世界第10位；2019年QS世界大学综合排名中列世 界第7位。 了解完苏黎世联邦理工学院的情况后，我们再来看看哪些课程是 英语授课，哪些课程是德语授课： 苏黎世理工学院由分为5大类的16个院系组成，其中： 建筑类：建筑系(ARCH),土木、环保及测绘系(BAUG)
工程科学类：生物系统(BSSE)，计算机系(INFK)，计算机技术和电气工程系(ITET)，机械和加工工程系(MAVT)，材料学系(MATL) 自然科学、数学类：生物系(BIOL)，化学与生物科学系(CHAB)，数学系(MATH) 物理系(PHYS)系统化科学类：地球科学系(ERDW)，健康科学及技术系(HEST) 环境系统学系(USYS)管理及社会科学类：管理、技术及经济系(MTEC)，人文、社会及政治学系(GESS) 本科课程的主要教学语言是英语(但个别课程的教学语言为德语或法语)。 绝大部分硕士课程为英语授课。除此之外，一部分课程为英、德双语教学，也有少数课程以德语授课为主。
美国先锋理工学院简介
美国先锋理工学院MBA企业管理学位班项目（美國先鋒理工學院1955年名校，資料齊全，學校留檔案，全球可用http://www.aedu.eu/）美国先锋理工学院（VIT）成立于1955年，是非盈利性的教育机构，也是美国著名的理工学府之一。该校硕士项目毕业生，在北美就业具有影响力，且在个人事业上均有显著成就。美国先锋理工学院（Vanguard Institute of Technology），根据中国经济发展和企业管理的实际情况，面向企业高层管理者，推出了高级工商管理硕士（MBA）项目。旨在结合中国管理实践，系统深入地传授国外先进的管理理论和经验，在中国加入WTO以及经济全球一体化的新形势下，为中国培养出更多适应市场经济发展的高级工商管理专业人才。学员在美国先锋理工学院校园学习六个月，完成学业后授予美国先锋理工学院的MBA学位，获得国际和国内都能承认的学位证书。 本MBA项目将在VIT的布朗斯维尔分校上课，校园大楼坐市中心附近，实属商业、教育、娱乐等方面之黄金地段。置身于这样的环境，学生能从课堂教学和课外接触中获得最大收获。 美国是国际MBA教育的发源地，已在MBA教育形成了完备深厚的教学体系。美国先锋理工学院MBA项目立足于培养国际商界精英，使有志于从事工商企业管理人士在财会、金融、管理和市场等诸多领域打下坚实基础。美国先锋理工学院置身于美国，了解国际市场变化、关注时代与科技进步，通过课程设置的及时调整，适应国际MBA教育需求，使学员不仅能够建立深厚的理论基础，还能迅速进入工作状态，因此深受美国及全世界用人单位欢迎。众多的美国先锋理工学院毕业生担任美国政府要员，并在美国IBM，MCI，ORACLE，WORLD BANK，LOCK HEED MARTI等著名跨国高科技公司担任职业经理。美国先锋理工学院MBA项目的专业方向包括：会计、运用经济学、数理运用、电子商务、财务管理、国际商业、信息系统管理、市场营销、医疗管理、人力资源管理等。
ETH申请经验
【作品集】 这基本上是最重要的参考因素。自从2010学年，新增加的要求。20页A4规格不装订，我的推测是，在限制条件下，教授是可以通过作品集，比较两位申请者对建筑的认识和设计能力的高低。 1.关注设计最本质的东西——空间。 2.自己的设计。自己怎么理解，怎样的想的，喜欢什么样的空间，通过设计表达了就行。自我表达，这是件重要的事。（从作品集是能看出一个人对建筑、对设计的投入程度，我指的不仅是工作量，还有思维的深度和情感。） 【成绩单】 课程名称一般重要，课程描述很重要！上过什么样的课，看过哪些书，做过怎样的作业都要交代清楚。其实也就是作品集和基本功的一个背景。（当然毛思邓理之流，掠过一笔就算了，该偷懒的时候也要偷懒。） 有同学问我，基点不高怎么办？其实我真的不知道ETH对基点的要求。而且我的基点不高，一般过得去。他们对基点的要求一定不会像国内保研那样。 我的建议是：如果你基点不高，但很想试一下ETH。那就申请，把申请的事完成。至于基点会不会影响申请，根本不是我们能考虑的，况且每年的政策不同，评审的教授也不同。可是我相信，ETH不会因为一些苛刻无聊的因素拒人。 【实习鉴定】 这也是很重要的。就是实践建筑师的推荐信。“实践”对于学建筑的同学分量很重的，因为我们就是一个匠人，图纸上的匠人。所以实习的地方需要同学们斟酌再三进行选择，实习的项目要认真做。 【Motivation和简历】 想一想，5年的经历都浓缩在其中了。这两样东西的重要性就很明显，和作品也是有一定的互补关系的。特别是Motivation：考察语言表达能力，内容和逻辑是否表达清楚，自己对建筑和设计的看法。虽然只有一页A4的Motivation，5年的学习和生活，对建筑的思考，要表得恰如其分也是有点难度的。记得要朴实啊。 有一点很重要：多样。本科5年如果认认真真经历的话，是可以从多方面反映学生的整体能力的。 【推荐信】 我当时冒了一下险，寄了两封推荐信。ETH规定，一切多余材料，都会取消申请资格，推荐信不属于申请必要材料列表中。因为我当时还申请了一个奖学金，要推荐信的，所以推荐信被归在奖学金资料里了。到时候要不要给推荐信，同学们研究一下网上的要求，然后自己定夺。 【德语和GRE】 申请2011学年，ETH的确因为国际生太多，要削减人数。GRE是在去年十月份,突然要求作为必要申请条件，而且必须申请时提交。我当时也没有GRE成绩，考也来不急的。只是觉得ETH
瑞士苏黎世大学入学条件
瑞士苏黎世大学入学条件 瑞士苏黎世大学入学条件 中国留学生基本条件 如果你拥有中国大学学士学位毕业证书(B.A.或者B.S科或者理科学士学位)，可免试进入苏黎世大学就读。 高中毕业加两年大学学历，必须通过瑞士瑞士大专院校(如：瑞士弗里堡大学预科班)录取考试(五个科目)(请参阅链接<<语言等级和分类>>和大学预科/语言学校)。除具备以上两个条件之一外，当然还要懂很好授课语言：德文。 要求是如果通过德国歌德学院高级德文水平考试。可不必考德文进入苏黎世大学学习。或者通过苏黎世大学德文考试。 苏黎世大学简介 学校简介 苏黎世大学(德语：Universit?tZürich，UZH)已经成为一座享有国际声誉的教育和科研中心。共分为7个系：神学系、法律系、经济学系、医学系、兽医学系、哲学系、数学-自然科学系。以商管类研究生课程闻名于世，与维也纳经济管理大学共称欧洲之首。苏黎世大学在分子生物学、大脑研究和人类学等领域具有开拓性的研究实力。其大学医院和兽医医院，也具有一流的设施和艺术。第一届诺贝尔物理学奖得主从这里走出，X射线的发现者伦琴是苏黎世大学的高材生。 历史回眸 苏黎世大学是瑞士规模最大、课程范围最广泛的大学，创建于1833年，但它的历史却可以追溯到1525年，以及新教改革家乌尔
里希·茨温利的时代。《大不列颠百科全书》就把它的建校时间定为1523年。 第一年的学生不到200人 1833年，原有的神学院、法学院和医学院合并，与新成立的哲学院一起组成苏黎世大学。这是欧洲第一个由民主国家而不是由封建君王或教会创办的大学。第一年注册的学生是：神学16人，法学26人，医学98人，哲学21人。 教师是26位教授和29位讲师。当时的创建人雄心勃勃，梦想着有一天这所州级大学能成为瑞士联邦大学。 但这一点也不能影响它成为一所综合大学的最终目标，大学的精神之父、后来的古典哲学教授约翰·卡 斯帕·冯奥雷利毫不含糊，在给友人的信中写道：必须建一所苏黎世大学，而且必须让它，只能让它成为瑞士大学。 第一位女博士是俄罗斯人 1849年，苏黎世大学允许女子听哲学课。但是，直到1864年俄罗斯的玛丽亚·科尼亚西尼娜申请医学时，苏黎世的教育局才被迫对招收女生做出表态。然而，玛丽亚·科尼亚西尼娜不久就离开了苏黎世大学。 到1866年她的同胞代什达·苏斯洛娃，一位被释放的农奴的女儿，成为苏黎世大学的第一个女生。1867年，她获得苏大的博士学位，这也是德语国家第一次向女性颁发博士学位。 1855年，享誉世界的瑞士联邦理工学院成立。此后它与苏黎世大学一直在一个校园。教员也是苏黎世大学提供。1859年，哲学院分为文科系(设哲学、语言、历史等科)和数学与自然科系。1883年建校50周年时，已经有学生463人，教师91人，其中教授37人。1901年，苏黎世大学成立兽医学院。1905年，学生首次突破1000人。1908年，苏黎世州与瑞士联邦政府签订协议，将苏黎世大学和瑞士联邦理工学院合并。1914年苏黎世大学迁至今天的所在地。
美国伊利诺理工大学 IIT
美国伊利诺理工大学（IIT） 中国区高考后自主选拔招生计划说明2014 高考后报名，免SAT,TOEFL成绩，非预科课程 直接就读IIT本科大一 一．美国伊利诺理工大学简介 美国伊利诺理工大学（Illinois Institute of T echnology, IIT）始创于1890年，是一所实力雄厚的研究型综合大学，涌现出了5位诺贝尔奖得主和评审，是中国教育部首批认可的国外院校。美国伊利诺理工大学得到了“美国中北部教育联盟”（North Central Association, NCA）认证，是组成美国独立理工大学协会的16所大学之一，被Princeton Review评为“最具价值大学”。 IIT采用小班授课，大多数班级少于40人，本科生师生比例达1:8。根据小班授课，IIT 排名全美前50 （US News & World Report）。同时，每年97%的学生获得IIT奖/助学金。对于中国大陆地区学生，IIT为本科新生提供$5,000 – 17,000的优生入学奖学金。 IIT坐落于芝加哥，是该地区唯一一所同时重视基础科学和工程学的学府，也是美国知名的三大理工院校之一。IIT拥有世界一流的研究实力和雄厚的学术研究基础，在生物医学、化学与环境、土木与建筑、电子与计算机、机械、材料与航天、生物、物理、化学、工业设计、金融学、法学、心理学等领域居国际领先地位。 美国伊利诺理工大学地理位置优越，地处全美第三大城市---- 芝加哥，全球金融、商业、工业和交通中心。校园环境优雅，设施精良，荣登Forbes 评选全美最先进教学环境校园第6名，并被评选为全美最美丽的大学校园及芝加哥地区最安全校园第一名。整个教学中心为无线宽频系统所覆盖，互联网接入畅通无阻。教学楼配置多种现代化教学设施，拥有高水平的多媒体电教及网络设备，并配有不同规模、多种功能的各类公用和专用教室，从而满足不同学科、不同专业课程设置的要求。同时,学校还为学生提供设施完备的实验室、图书馆、阅览室、体育馆、活动室等，以拓展和丰富学生的日常生活。
苏黎世投机定律
苏黎世投机定律 苏黎士投机定律(Zurich Axiom)是早期在华尔街股市从事股票投机，并希望因此而致富的一群瑞士人所使用的术语。它包括一套实用且相关的定律，可提供任何投资者或投机者(投机和投资根本是一回事，因此以下投机和投资会交互使用)，从事金钱游戏并控制风险的法则。这里要注意的是，苏黎世投机定律是陈述有关控制风险的方法，而不是要你避免风险，因为任何投资都有风险，对吗? 用这些定律检讨自己的得失并身体力行，你可能就会在今天大展鸿图。 定律 1(如果你对自己从事的投机不感到忧虑，那么你冒的风险肯定不够。 这句话是说，投资的资金一定要足，切勿听信专家所谓的“用闲臵资金投资”的建议。当然问题在于多少钱才算足(但是我们不妨从反面来思考。如果你用所谓的闲钱十万元来投资股票，请问今年你可能赚多少?赚了一两倍又能增加自己多少财富?干脆直截了当的说，赌小钱绝对赚不到大钱，你以为如何?但这并非要你去大赌，而是要告诉你，投机的金额要大到让自己很在意或忧虑才行，而这就是合理或足够的投资金额。当然每个人所能承受的忧虑程度不同，因此投机的金额亦因人而异。这条定律也涵盖了两项次要原则，一是在你认为已经发掘了好投机机会时，尽量下足额的资金，二是切勿相信所谓的 1 “不要把所有钱放在一个篮子”分散风险的建议，因为你不是大玩家。过份分散资金同样也分散获利的机会。总之，要学习下大赌注，不要怕赔钱，不要怕让自己心理受到创伤。事实上只要控制得当，最差的状况也不过是使自己再穷些而已。但相反地，获利的机会也将无可限量，或许甚至可以让自己脱难穷困。定律 2(尽早获利了结。这个定律要求你要节制自己的贪婪心理。在操作股票时，贪婪会表现在股价持续飙涨时的惜售，而原因是怕后悔。这也就是说，害怕在卖
奥朗教育
奥朗教育概述： 奥朗教育（原华研教育）成立于2004年10月，是一家结合了优质的教育资源和先进的信息技术，专注于中国教育服务领域的专业公司。 奥朗教育发展史： 奥朗教育（https://www.wendangku.net/doc/636716609.html,）成立于2004年10月，是一家结合了优质的教育资源和先进的信息技术，专注于中国教育服务领域的专业公司，一直以来专注于利用优质的教育资源和先进的信息技术，服务于中国教育服务领域，是目前国内个性化教育的领导者，总部设在河北保定，已在多个城市开设了多所个性化学习中心，并且在2008年与美国先锋理工学院、香港财政学院、北京国际商务学院、中国建设教育协会等达成共识，取得了卓越的成绩。“奥朗教育”专注于学历和资格证书的培训辅导，视教学质量为生命，深受学员和社会的认可，口口相传，成就了如今全国相当规模的个性化教育机构。“奥朗教育”秉承卓识的教育理念，致力于传播先进教学思想，研究先进教学方法，开发先进项目，提供优质教学服务，帮助更多在校学生和社会成人获得更好的教育和发展机会。奥朗教育已经制定和实施了一个以结果为导向,以学员为中心的服务匹配模式。 教育优势： 1、领先的教学理念奥朗教育急学员所急，想学员所想，积极倡导以人为本的教育。在业内率先推出“个性化”创新教育理念，推出一个学员因材施教模式，最大程度地尊重和关注学员的社会发展，把学员从沉重的社会负担中解放出来，让学员有更多的发展学习机会，提升素质并发挥潜能，促进学员的全面发展。 2、丰富的辅导内容奥朗教育根据学员不同的发展阶段、职业特点和工作需求，为学员定制多项辅导内容。包括：专本学历、会计从业、会计职称、建筑八大员、论文、MBA等 3、雄厚的师资力量奥朗教育具有丰富个性化教学经验的教师，履行客户至上的理念，为学员提供优质专业的服务。 4、独特的教学特色根据教学组织形式的不同，奥朗教育的模式包括网上学习、面授教学形式、多媒体等方式，全面保证学员的合格通过率。 奥朗的价值观： 1、永远坚守诚信第一的原则。 2、永远确保客户满意是第一要素，用满意度推动企业持续增长。 3、以极大的热情满足客户的需要，快速响应客户的要求，提供远超客户预期的服务。 4、以服务的精神对待他人，为他人的成功提供帮助和创造条件。 6、重视创新和变革，并积极引领和参与创新和变革。 奥朗发展历程： 2010年1月，获得搜狐网举办的教育评选中“建国60周年最具影响力远程教育品牌“殊荣。2009年，获得新浪网教育评选中“2009最具诚信教育机构”殊荣。 2008 年1 月，获得搜狐网“2007 年度十佳教育机构”的称号。 2008 年1 月，获得腾讯网网友票选出的“中国十佳教育机构”称号。 2007 年 1 月，被教育部中央教育科学研究所培训中心评定为“全国首批网络教育示范基地”。 2006 年，获得“全国首批网络教育示范基地”称号。
东华理工大学简介
东华理工大学 百科名片 东华理工大学校徽 东华理工大学(原华东地质学院)位于南昌和抚州（现在主校区在南昌），创建于上世纪五十年代。全院占地面积2000亩。校舍建筑面积74万平方米。经过50年的办学历程，东华理工大学已发展成为一所理、工、管为主，文、经、法、教兼备的多科性高等学校。 中文名： 东华理工大学 外文名： East China Institute of Technology 校训： 明德厚学，爱国荣校 创办时间： 上世纪五十年代 学校类型： 工科 现任校长： 刘庆成 所属地区： 中国江西 硕士点： 32个 目录
编辑本段 东华理工大学 本数据来源于百度地图，最终结果以百度地图数据为准。 东华理工大学长江学院 东华理工大学（原华东地质学院)位于物华天宝、人杰地灵的红土地江西，分为抚州与南昌两个校区，是工业和信息化部、国防科技工业局与江西省人民政府共建的一所具有地学和核科学特色，以理工为主，文、管、经、法、教兼备的综合性大学。学校1956年创建，先后隶属于第二机械工业部、核工业部、中国核工业总公司，是海军国防生培养基地。建校54年来，学校励精图治，艰苦奋斗，成为我国核工业开路先锋和核燃料循环工程高级
专门人才培养的摇篮，为国家培养和输送了10万余名各级各类专门人才，为我国核军工事业、核大国地位的确立和国民经济建设作出了应有的贡献。 学校占地2000余亩，校舍建筑面积74万平方米，图书馆藏书140万册，其中电子图书35万册。学校下设地球科学学院、测绘工程学院、核工程技术学院、土木与环境工程学院、机械与电子工程学院、信息工程学院、化学生物与材料科学学院、外国语学院、经济与管理学院、文法与艺术学院、数学与信息科学学院、软件学院、国防科技学院、海军后备军官学院、体育学院、师范学院、研究生部、高等职业技术学院等20个教学单位，还设立了独立学院??长江学院。现有56个本科专业，3个国家级特色专业， 14个江西省品牌专业，14个省部级重点学科，32个硕士点，有4个专业合作培养博士生，有5个领域的工程硕士学位授予权，具有在职人员以同等学历申请硕士学位授权资格。目前，在校学生29000人（含留学生）。 学校名师荟萃，英才云集。现有教职工2000余人，其中中国工程院双聘院士2人，教授、副教授530余人，兼职博士生导师15人，全国优秀教师4人。同时，学校还聘请了200多位国内外兼职教授。学校由中国工程院院士钱七虎担任名誉校长。 学校科技实力雄厚。拥有核资源与环境国家重点实验室培育基地、“放射性地质与勘探技术”国防重点学科实验室等8个省部级重点实验室（含1个国际原子能机构参比实验室），以及地质资源经济与管理研究中心等2 个江西省人文社科重点研究基地。学校是国际原子能机构铀矿地质、同位素水文学高级培训中心和国际原子能机构东亚地区同位素水文数据库主办单位，多位教授受聘国际原子能机构咨询专家。近三年来，学校发表科研论文6000余篇，其中被SCI、EI、ISTP收录500余篇，出版专著、教材、译著70余部，承担各级各类科研项目近800项，获国家级或省部级奖励54项，发明专利10项。与美国、俄罗斯、日本、澳大利亚等20多个国家的高校、科研院所建立了校际交流和学术联系，并互派留学人员。 学校办学条件优良，教学、生活设施齐备。拥有地质博物馆、现代教育技术中心、体育馆、艺术楼、游泳池、室内球场、体操房和标准田径场等，学生公寓配置宽带网和电话。学校生均教育资源各项指标均达到或超过部颁标准。学校是花园式校园，先后被授予“全国绿化先进单位”和“江西省园林化单位”。
【杭州申友2018 Offer 捷报】苏黎世联邦理工学院 RSC硕士项目录取!
【杭州申友2018 Offer 捷报】苏黎世联邦理工学院RSC硕士项目录取！ 杭州申友留学 苏黎世联邦理工学院（又名瑞士联邦理工学院，德语名Eidgen?ssische Technische Hochschule Zürich，简称ETH Zürich，英文名Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ），位于全欧洲最富有的城市——苏黎世，是享誉全球的世界顶尖研究型大学，连续多年位居欧洲大陆高校翘首，享有“欧陆第一名校”的美誉。 在最新一期的QS世界大学排名中，ETH Zurich 力压美国的普林斯顿大学、康奈尔大学和耶鲁大学，跻身世界大学Top 10。2018年正月初七，Hu同学在申友留学的帮助下拿到了令他心驰向往ETH Zurich 的Robotics, Systems and Control (RSC) 硕士项目的offer！ 学生信息 学生姓名：Hu 同学 本科专业：计算机 本科学校：世界某Top 50大学 硬性条件：GPA: 3.7+, TOEFL: 110+, GRE: 320+ 其他情况：有Facebook的实习 申友留学规划老师点评 Hu同学学术成绩优秀，社会实践充足，实际操作能力强，比如有Facebook 企业实习，有参与港大的一些项目，还有参加各种比赛。因此，文书素材可以和申请的专业匹配，同时又能突出学生的各种能力，展现出学生自身的优势。 校友名人 除Einstein外，从ETH Zurich 走出去的名人还包括：John von Neumann: 兼通计算机、博弈论、量子力学等多个领域的最大的数学和物理全才;Wolfgang Ernst Pauli: 在ETH Zurich 做过教授。我们初中学习的电子围绕原子核的模型，
苏黎世联邦理工学院(ETHz)申请之经验总结(世毕盟学员)
苏黎世联邦理工学院（ETHz）申请之经验总结 Background: B.S in materials chemistry, B.S in economics. PKU GPA: 3.36, 3.6(Major) TOEFL:25(R)+25(L)+22(S)+22(W) GRE:147+170+3.0 Intern: China Galaxy Security Decision: ETHz 开篇 对于每一个立志本科之后出国的同学而言，在明确自己的申请方向之前把自己的硬件提升到最好都是必要的，GPA, 社工，T/G成绩，实习及暑期科研这些充斥着我们的前三年生活。而对于自己申请的方向，转行与否，master or PhD, 是否留在国外工作，又有一大串的问题等在那里折磨你。 而对于竞赛出身，化学本科的我来说面对第二个问题时是幸运的，大一还没有进组搬砖之前有幸听了院内传奇学长关于ETHz-苏黎世联邦理工学院的飞跃演讲，加上自己对欧洲足球联赛氛围的极大向往以及对长期孤独实验室的无爱，早早就确定了ETHz为dream school，MTEC-科技经济管理为申请方向。而对于第一个问题，学长的CV给了我一个方向，除开G/T之外的任何项目都和他完成的类似，但大三暑假仍未将G/T考到理想成绩的劣势为之后艰辛的申请路埋下了伏笔。 世毕盟 选择世毕盟是在8月底，已经相当接近开始网申的时间了。找他们比较晚一方面是因为自己申的是已经了解的比较全面的硕士项目，二是8月底英语成绩还不够用的惨淡现状让我明白可能一个人搞不定之后的申请路程。不需要名气大机构铺天满广告天花乱坠的吹嘘，同学之间相传的口碑让我在和培训师第一次面谈时候就敲定非世毕盟不改了。事实证明我的选择是多么正确，一方面与其它同学选择的中介相比，它们靠谱实在的不是一点两点；另一方面，我的世毕盟sisi姐总是不厌其烦的监督着我做TPO, 刷3000，安排一次又一次的meeting；世毕盟的mentor分析我的优势与劣势，对不同学校，建议我的CV和PS做不同的处理。可以说，世毕盟的规划师让你在最急躁的时候能够沉下心来做着最重要的事，走最正确的路。唯一后悔的是没有提早去找世毕盟, 不然自己的G/T就能够很早考出来，Intern资源也能够更加丰富，不至于申请的时候这样的狼狈。个人觉得中介咨询是信息提
苏黎世联邦理工学院博士
苏黎世联邦理工学院是瑞士的两所联邦理工学院之一，位于德语区苏黎世市区。该校来自八十多个国家的一万八千名师生分布于16个系，教研领域涵盖建筑、工程学、数学、自然科学和社会科学，诞生了包括爱因斯坦在内的21位诺贝尔奖获得者，是世界最著名的理工大学之一，享有欧洲大陆第一理工大学的美誉。苏黎世联邦理工学院创立于1855年，与洛桑联邦理工学院及其他四家联邦研究机构一起组成 ETH-Bereich联合体，隶属于瑞士联邦内政部。该校还是国际研究型大学联盟、IDEA联盟等国际高校合作组织的成员。 英文授课的博士课程： ◆基本要求：相关专业硕士最后一年在读或以上学历。英语要求：无明确要求，大部分博士项目申请要通过教授的面试。 ◆博士一般为3年制 ◆学费：无；申请费：150瑞士法郎 ◆奖学金： 1.工资每月1600-2000瑞士法郎； 2.奖学金：只能是3个月的奖学金，奖学金金额为40%的全年工资（奖学金和工资不能同时获得），一般是在没有被雇佣之前可以申请这个奖学金。 ◆申请截止日期：大部分项目没有固定申请截止日期，有申请截止日期的项目见下面各项目具体介绍。 Life Science 生命科学博士（和苏黎世大学的合作项目）申请截止日期：7.01 Mathematics 数学博士申请截止日期：4.30 Computer Science Fast Track Doctoral Studies 计算机科学快速路径博士 Architecture 建筑学博士申请截止日期2.15 Biology 生物学博士 Biosystems Science and Engineering 生物系统科学及工程博士 Chemistry and Applied Biosciences 化学和应用生物科学博士 Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering 土木，环境及地理信息工程博士 Computer Science 计算机科学博士 Earth Sciences 地球科学博士
瑞士经济现状
瑞士经济概况和瑞士法郎走势分析 瑞士经济概况 瑞士是发达的工业国家。机械、化工、纺织、钟表和食品5大工业部门为瑞士的工业支柱。瑞士食品工业主要利用本国生产的原料来发展的，出口的速溶咖啡和浓缩食品盛誉世界。雀巢公司是瑞士最大的工业垄断组织，是世界最大食品公司。瑞士钟表业有500多年的历史，享有“钟表王国”之称。瑞士的金融业非常发达，共有600余家银行，分支机构5070家，银行总资本达5000多亿美元，纳税额占国家税收的20%，有“金融帝国”之称。瑞士对外贸易十分发达，主要出口产品是机械、冶金、化工、医药、钟表、纺织品、服装及部分食品。 对国际金融界有着重要意义的两大瑞士城市分别是苏黎世和巴塞尔。苏黎世是瑞士第一大城，瑞士的经济之都，工商业和金融中心，也是西欧重要的金融中心，苏黎世的证券交易所交易额在西欧交易所中首屈一指，也是西方最大的黄金交易市场之一。巴塞尔位于莱茵河湾和德法两国交界处，是瑞士第二大城市。国际清算银行和国际重建发展银行都在这里。约束国际商业银行的《巴塞尔协议》也为世人所知。 通过以上对瑞士有了初步的了解，下边将从资源、工业、农业、旅游业、金融业、贸易、投资、人民生活几个方面对瑞士进行全面的认识。 资源 瑞士矿产资源匮乏，仅有少量盐矿、煤矿、铁矿和锰矿。生产生活所需能源、工业原料主要依赖进口。水力资源丰富。2007年，水电发电量为32557千兆瓦时，占瑞全国发电量的一半以上。森林面积127.8万公顷，森林覆盖率为32.4％。 工业 机械制造、化工、医药、高档钟表、食品加工、纺织业是瑞士的主要支柱产业。工业技术水平先进，产品质量精良，在国际市场具有很强的竞争力。除ＡＢＢ、雀巢、诺华、苏尔寿等著名大公司外，绝大多数为中小企业。2009年，工业就业人数约102.4万，占总就业人口的25.3％。 农业 主要农作物有小麦、燕麦、马铃薯和甜菜。肉类基本自给，奶制品自给有余。2009年，农业就业人数17万，约占总就业人口的4.2 %。 旅游业 旅游业十分发达,是仅次于机械制造和化工医药的第三大创汇行业。 2009年，瑞士拥有旅馆4866家，床位24.16万张。2009年游客过夜数为3559万人次，创历史新高。游客主要来自德国、英国、美国、法国和意大利。近年来，爱尔兰和罗马尼亚等东欧国家的游客大幅增加。主要旅游点是苏黎世、日内瓦、卢塞恩和洛桑等地。
ETH课程描述要求格式
ETH课程描述要求格式 Code: CA008（成绩单上有code的必须填写，成绩单不体现的为选填内容） Name: Inorganic and Analytic Chemistry Lab Category: course Hours: 56(4 hours of lab per week for 14 weeks) Credit: 2 Description: It is a compulsory course for students in Agricultural and biology school. This practical course provides a better understanding of basic principal of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics and various chemical equilibrium by calculating rate constant and activation energy in the experiments or the determination of ionization degree and ionization constant of acetic acid. The experiments also cover a wide range of techniques, including analytical and synthetic techniques (e. g. investigation of water samples, the preparation of K3[Fe(C2O4)3]·3H2O) with various methods such as titrations ,spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the description and recording of laboratory processes is an essential part of this course. Literature: major editor: Hongjin Chen. Experiment Chemistry. the second edition. Beijing: Science Press.2007.
瑞士留学苏黎世联邦理工学院
瑞士留学苏黎世联邦理工学院 最近有不少同学问到瑞士公立大学的申请，培莘钟老师这里给大家先介绍一下苏黎世联邦理工学院。 苏黎世联邦理工学院(Eidgen?ssische Technische Hochschule Zürich，ETH)于1855年由瑞士联邦创建，如今已是和美国麻省理工学院齐名的精英理工大学，汇集了世界高水平的师资力量和优秀的生源。 从苏黎世联邦理工学院里走出了包括爱因斯坦在内的21名诺贝尔奖获得者。目前，在苏黎世联邦理工学院就读的1万8千多名学生来自世界近110个国家，其中有3900名博士生。在该学院任职的教授达到近500名，其中外籍教授的比例达到67%。 QS世界大学排名最近将瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院(ETH)列为欧洲大陆的第一学府，同时也是全世界前12所最好的大学之一。QS排名与《泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名》及《世界大学学术排名》一起，获评为世上最受注目的大学排行榜。瑞士就此高居欧洲大陆前列，其高校完全可以和美国及英国的大学比肩，QS在2014年9月15号宣布。（盗个图↓） 清晨的苏黎世联邦理工学院ETH （欧洲的建筑气息好浓厚啊） 院系介绍: 苏黎世理工学院由分为5大类的16个院系组成，其中： 建筑类： 建筑系(ARCH) 土木、环保及测绘系(BAUG) 工程科学类： 生物系统(BSSE) 计算机系(INFK) 计算机技术和电气工程系(ITET) 机械和加工工程系(MA VT) 材料学系(MATL) 自然科学、数学类：
生物系(BIOL) 化学与生物科学系(CHAB) 数学系(MA TH) 物理系(PHYS) 系统化科学类： 地球科学系(ERDW) 健康科学及技术系(HEST) 环境系统学系(USYS) 管理及社会科学类： 管理、技术及经济系(MTEC) 人文、社会及政治学系(GESS) 入学条件： 来苏黎世理工学院就读本科学业的中国留学生要满足以下条件： 1.高中毕业证书。 2.已取得中国大学(中国政府认可的高校)相关专业的本科录取通知书。 3.通过苏黎世联邦理工学院的小录取考试。考试科目为:数学I、数学II、生物、化学、 物理。 4.如果报名学生没有在中国相关专业的大学录取通知书，则必须通过苏黎世联邦理工 学院的大录取考试。理科考试科目为: 数学I、数学II、生物、化学、物理；文科 考试科目为：德语、第二外语(法语、英语、意大利语和西班牙语中选一)、历史和 地理。 苏黎世理工学院对母语非德语的报名者有如下的语言要求： 1.在德语为教学语言的学校读书8年以上，可免德语考核，毕业于德语为教学语言的高校， 可免德语考核。 2.否则，报名者必须出示语言能力证书，苏黎世联邦理工学院承认的德语水平证书有： ●歌德学院C1水平证书，评语至少为“好(gut)” ●歌德学院C2、ZOP、KDS和GDS水平证书 ●德福考试文凭(TestDaF) 每考试项目最低4分 ●奥地利德语文凭C1级(?SD) ●德国文化部长联席会议德语文凭(DSDIII) ●德国文化部长联席会议德语文凭(KMK II) ●UNIcert德语文凭(最少3级) 苏黎世理工学院就读硕士学业的中国留学生要满足以下条件： 1.大学本科毕业成绩优秀(国际承认的高校所颁发的本科学历)。 2.已取得中国大学(中国政府认可的高校)相关专业的硕士录取通知书。 3.在学年开始前，出示语言水平证书。 苏黎世联邦理工学院承认的德语水平证书有： 1.歌德学院C1水平证书，评语至少为“好(gut)”。 2.歌德学院C2、ZOP、KDS和GDS水平证书。 3.德福考试文凭(TestDaF) 每考试项目最低4分。 4.奥地利德语文凭C1级(?SD)。 5.德国文化部长联席会议德语文凭(DSDIII)。 6.德国文化部长联席会议德语文凭(KMK II)。
瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院奖学金金额
瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院奖学金金额 苏黎世联邦理工学院的两项奖学金简介，跟着一起来了解下吧，欢迎阅读。 苏黎世联邦理工学院(又名瑞士联邦理工学院，德语名Eidgen?ssische Technische Hochschule Zürich，简称ETH Zürich，英文名 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich )，坐落于瑞士苏黎世，是享誉全球的世界顶尖研究型大学，连续多年位居欧洲大陆高校翘首，享有“欧陆第一名校”的美誉。ETH是德语区高校之最，在全世界范围与英语教学下的美国麻省理工学院享有同样崇高的声誉。苏黎世联邦理工同其姊妹学校洛桑联邦理工学院及所属研究机构共同构成了瑞士联邦理工学院，隶属于瑞士联邦政府。该校现有来自于一百多个国家的两万六千名师生分布于16个系，教研领域涵盖建筑学、工程学、数学、自然科学、社会科学和管理科学，截止06年诞生了包括爱因斯坦在内的21位诺贝尔奖得主，其中校友为13人。现今仍有很多获奖者在教学科研第一线，该校还是国际研究型大学联盟、IDEA联盟等国际高校合作组织的成员。 苏黎世联邦理工学院提供两种适合国际学生申请的奖学金项目 1.ExcellenceScholarship&OpportunityProgramme(ESOP)，优秀奖学金与机会项目，奖学金金额为学费减免+1750瑞士法郎/月的生活费。
2.MasterScholarshipProgramme(MSP)，硕士奖学金项目，奖学金金额为学费减免+第一学期850瑞士法郎/月的生活费+第二学期及以后600瑞士法郎/月的生活费。 招生对象：所有苏黎世联邦理工学院硕士课程申请者，要求在本科专业的排名为前10%，本科已经拥有硕士学历的申请者或已经被硕士课程录取的学生不能申请该奖学金。
2016苏黎世联邦理工学院入学条件
1、来苏黎世理工学院就读本科学业的中国留学生要满足以下条件： 高中毕业证书 已取得中国大学(中国政府认可的高校)相关专业的本科录取通知书 通过苏黎世联邦理工学院的小录取考试。考试科目为:数学I、数学II、生物、化学、物理。 如果报名学生没有在中国相关专业的大学录取通知书，则必须通过苏黎世联邦理工学院的大录取考试。理科考试科目为:数学I、数学II、生物、化学、物理;文科考试科目为：德语、第二外语(法语、英语、意大利语和西班牙语中选一)、历史和地理。 苏黎世理工学院对母语非德语的报名者有如下的语言要求： 在德语为教学语言的学校读书8年以上，可免德语考核 毕业于德语为教学语言的高校，可免德语考核 否则，报名者必须出示语言能力证书，苏黎世联邦理工学院承认的德语水平证书有： 歌德学院C1水平证书，评语至少为“好(gut)” 歌德学院C2、ZOP、KDS和GDS水平证书 德福考试文凭(TestDaF)-每考试项目最低4分 奥地利德语文凭C1级(?SD)
德国高校外国申请者入学德语考试（DSH）等级3（注：只有登记注册过的考试才有效） 德国文化部长联席会议德语文凭(DSDIII) 德国文化部长联席会议德语文凭(KMKII) UNIcert德语文凭(最少3级) 2、来苏黎世理工学院就读硕士学业的中国留学生要满足以下条件： 大学本科毕业成绩优秀(国际承认的高校所颁发的本科学历) 已取得中国大学(中国政府认可的高校)相关专业的硕士录取通知书 绝大多数自然科学，生命科学，工科专业需提供GRE成绩，经济类学科提供GMAT成绩 在学年开始前，出示语言水平证书。 苏黎世联邦理工学院承认的德语水平证书有： 歌德学院C1水平证书，评语至少为“好(gut)” 歌德学院C2、ZOP、KDS和GDS水平证书 德福考试文凭(TestDaF)-每考试项目最低4分 奥地利德语文凭C1级(?SD) 德国高校外国申请者入学德语考试（DSH）等级3（注：只有登记注册过的考试才有效） 德国文化部长联席会议德语文凭(DSDIII) 德国文化部长联席会议德语文凭(KMKII) UNIcert德语文凭(最少3级) 苏黎世联邦理工学院承认的英语水平证书有(各院系对语言水平会有不同要求)： 雅思(IELTS)7-8分 托福(TOEFL)110-120分 剑桥熟练英语证书考试(CPE)C级 剑桥高级证书考试(CAE)B级(注：该证书不会被视作等同于欧洲语言共同参考框架所规定的C2标准)
瑞士最著名的几大城市介绍
瑞士最著名的几大城市介绍 ★伯尔尼 伯尔尼是瑞士的首都，是瑞士的政治和文化中心，其旧城区今日已成为联合国教科文组织核定的世界遗产。伯尔尼城始建于12世纪，是一座静谧安详的城市。伯尔尼在德语中是“熊”的意思，原来伯 尔尼的创建者一日突发奇想，决定去城外打猎，并用猎获的第一头 野兽为城市命名，而他在邻近的森林里最先猎到的是一头熊，“熊城”由此得名。伯尔尼是瑞士电子通讯、电脑技术、医学保健和服 务行业的中心。伯尔尼具备瑞士标准城市的所有优点，如经济、政 治和经济稳定性。伯尔尼的机械、仪表、电器、制药、纺织、食品、建筑和印刷工业逐年发展。伯尔尼主要是行政和银行业中心，同时 也是一个文化和旅游城市。伯尔尼市内有古老学府之一的伯尔尼大学，建于1834年，以研究宇宙射线著称。 ★苏黎世 苏黎世是瑞士联邦的最大城市，也是全欧洲最富裕的城市。主要的商业和文化中心，同时是苏黎世州的首府。苏黎世是瑞士银行的 代表城市，世界金融中心之一，瑞士联合银行、瑞士信贷银行和许 多私人银行都将总部设在苏黎世。这里集中了120多家银行，其中 半数以上是外国银行，故享有“欧洲百万富翁都市”的称号。国际 足球联合会总部也设在苏黎世。1916年出现的达达主义即发源于苏 黎世。最近几年，苏黎世在世界最佳居住城市评选中高居全球首位。 ★日内瓦 日内瓦是瑞士第二大城市，坐落在风景如画的莱蒙湖畔。日内瓦湖光山色四季皆具吸引力，它同时是世界各国际机构云集的国际化 城市。日内瓦以其深厚的人道主义传统，多彩多姿的文化活动、重 大的会议和展览会、令人垂涎的美食、清新的市郊风景及众多的游 览项目和体育设施而著称于世。日内瓦也是世界钟表之都，钟表业 与银行业成为日内瓦的两大经济支柱。日内瓦是许多国际组织的所
世界最佳理工学院之一苏黎世联邦理工学院入读要求
世界最佳理工学院之一苏黎世联邦理工学院入读要求 苏黎世联邦理工学院简介 苏黎世联邦理工学院是世界最著名的理工大学之一，在全世界范围亦与美国麻省理工学院享有同样崇高的声誉，连续多年位居欧洲大陆理工高校翘首，享有“欧陆第一名校”的美誉。瑞士联邦理工学院是瑞士联邦政府为了国家工业化的需要，在1855年建立的，这是第一所联邦所属的大学。这所大学开始只有工民建、森林科学、机械工程和化学等学科，后来又增加了人文、社会和政治学。该校现有来自于一百多个国家的两万六千名师生分布于16个系，教研领域涵盖建筑、工程学、数学、自然科学、社会科学和管理科学，截止06年诞生了包括爱因斯坦在内的21位诺贝尔奖得主，是目前世界大学获诺贝尔奖人数最多的学校之一，现今仍有数位获奖者在教学科研第一线，该校还是国际研究型大学联盟、IDEA联盟等国际高校合作组织的成员。 苏黎世联邦理工学院申请条件 1、来苏黎世理工学院就读本科学业的中国留学生要满足以下条件： 高中毕业证书 已取得中国大学(中国政府认可的高校)相关专业的本科录取通知书 通过苏黎世联邦理工学院的小录取考试。考试科目为:数学I、数学II、生物、化学、物理。 如果报名学生没有在中国相关专业的大学录取通知书，则必须通过苏黎世联邦理工学院的大录取考试。理科考试科目为: 数学I、数学II、生物、化学、物理;文科考试科目为：德语、第二外语(法语、英语、意大利语和西班牙语中选一)、历史和地理。 苏黎世理工学院对母语非德语的报名者有如下的语言要求： 在德语为教学语言的学校读书8年以上，可免德语考核 毕业于德语为教学语言的高校，可免德语考核 否则，报名者必须出示语言能力证书，苏黎世联邦理工学院承认的德语水平证书有： 歌德学院C1水平证书，评语至少为“好(gut)” 歌德学院C2、ZOP、KDS和GDS水平证书 德福考试文凭(TestDaF)-每考试项目最低4分 奥地利德语文凭C1级(?SD)
苏黎世联邦理工大学历史沿革
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/636716609.html, 立思辰留学360介绍，苏黎世联邦理工学院由瑞士联邦于1854年成立，并于1855年开始作为一个技术专科学校授课。最初其由建筑，土木工程，机械工程，化学和林业等六个学院以及一个整合数学、自然科学、文学、社会科学及政治的机构组成。ETH是一所联邦大学，直属于瑞士联邦政府。建立联邦制大学的决定在当时受到了很大程度的打压，自由派人士向政府施压希望建立“联邦大学”，而保守派人士希望所有的大学都以州为单位，以避免加剧自由派人士向其施加的压力。1905年到1908年间，时任瑞士总统J ér?me Franel促使ETH改组成为一所真正的大学并有权利赋予博士学位。1911年被赋予现有的名称“Eidgen?ssische Technische Hochschule”。 经过近200年风雨洗礼，苏黎世联邦理工学院取得了举世瞩目的成就，享有欧洲大陆第一理工大学的美誉。 留学360介绍，苏黎世联邦理工学院的主校区位于苏黎世市中心，始建于1860年代，与苏黎世大学比邻，数学、机械、电子、计算机等系所散落于此，与城市融为一体。由于难以在市中心扩展，自1960年代起该校在市区北部的H?nggerberg山麓建设新校区，又称为科学城，集中了材料、建筑、土木、物理、生物和化学等系所。两校区相距5公里，每日有校车不间断往返，行程约15分钟，另外搭乘苏黎世公交也可以方便抵达。 该校现有来自于一百多个国家的两万六千名师生分布于16个系，教研领域涵盖建筑学、工程学、数学、自然科学、社会科学和管理科学，截止06年诞生了包括爱因斯坦在内的21位诺贝尔奖得主，其中校友为13人。现今仍有很多获奖者在教学科研第一线，该校还是国际研究型大学联盟、IDEA联盟等国际高校合作组织的成员。
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