金融英语视听说第二章

Short Dialogs Task 1 Multiple Choice Scripts & Answers

Dialog 1

W: Why can’t I tell interest rate from exchange rate? Who can help me?

M: Well, It is not as difficult as you think. There is a simple way to tell the difference. When you deposit money with a bank or borrow money from

a bank, you usually earn or pay interest at the set interest rate. If you go to

exchange RMB for some foreign currency, you’ll need to know the current

exchange rate of RMB to that currency. Have you got it?

W: Yeah, I think I’ve got it. The interest rate is the price of local currency on

the local market and the exchange rate is the price of one currency against

another one on the foreign exchange market.

Question: When will exchange rate be used according to the man? (D)

女：我怎么就区分不了利率和汇率呢? 谁能帮帮我？

男：别着急。没有你想得那么难。有个简单方法可以区别它们。当你把钱存到银行或者仍银行贷款时，你会按规定的利率赚得利息或支付利息。如果你去把

人民币兑换成某种外汇，你就必须知道人民币兑换该外汇的现时汇率。懂

了吗？

女：是，我想我明白了。利率就是本国市场上本国货币的价格，而汇率就是外汇市场上一种货币兑换另一种货币的价格。

Dialog 2

W: This is the Credit Card Center of China Construction Bank. What can I do

for you?

M: I want to apply for a Long Credit Card. I don’t know what documents are

needed for the application.

W: You are welcome, sir. Just your ID card and your Cer tif icate of

Employment will be required.

M: Oh, very good. I have brought them with me. Here they are.

W: All right. Please fill in an Application Form. Do you have any idea about

the card?

M: Yes, a little. I’m told it is very convenient to make payment with a Long

Credit Card. But how can I put money to my card?

W: It is a piece of cake. When you have a credit card, you hold a credit card

account with our bank. You can deposit money to your credit card account

through ATMs or over the counter at any bank outlet. If you are too busy

to come, you can choose to transfer money from your current account automatically. We’ll send you a monthly statement and tell you the balance

of your account.

Question: What will the customer do if he wants to deposit money to his credit card account? (D)

女：这是中国建设银行信用卡中心。请问有什么可以帮您的？

男：我要办一张龙卡。不知道申请需要什么证件？

女：欢迎您，先生。申请信用卡只要您的身份证和工作证。

男：哦，那太好了。我带着这些证件呢。给。

女：好了。请填写一份申请表。您了解龙卡吗？

男：知道一点点。听说用龙卡付款非常方便。可我怎样才能把钱存到卡里去呢? 女：很容易。您有了信用卡，就在我们银行有一个信用卡账户。您可以通过柜员机或者仸何营业部的柜台把钱存到您的信用卡账户。如果您太忙，没有时间

来银行，您可以选择仍您的活期账户自动转账。我们每个月会寄送对账单给

您，告诉您您的账户余额。

Dialog 3

W: Excuse me, would you please tell me the meaning of the word “outstanding balance” on my statement?

M: Yes, well, outstanding balance refers to the amount the card holder should

repay to the bank.

W: If the outstanding balance on my statement is $2,000, I should repay the

money to the bank immediately I receive it. Am I right?

M: Take it easy. There is a grace period of at least 35 days for a credit card

and the statement will tell you the maturity of repayment. It is OK if you

deposit enough money to your credit card account before maturity.

Question: What does the term “outstanding balance” mean according to the conversation? (D)

女：不好意思，麻烦你告诉我对账单上“未付金额”的含义好吗？

男：好。嗯，“ 未付金额”是指持卡人应该偿还给银行的金额。

女：如果对账单上的未付金额是2,000 美元，我就必须在收到对账单后立即把钱还给银行，是吗？

男：不用着急。信用卡都有至少35 天的宽限期, 对账单会告诉您还款的期限。只要您在到期之前存入足够的钱到您的信用卡账户就可以了。

Dialog 4

M: Morning, madam. What can I do for you?

W: Morning, sir, I have a time deposit with your bank. A 5-year time deposit.

The balance of the deposit account is 35,000 yuan. At the moment I need

an amount of money for emergency. Can I withdraw some money from the

deposit account?

M: How much do you want?

W: 20,000 yuan.

M: It’s OK, but the interest should be calculated at the rate on a current

account. What about the rest? Do you want it to be transferred to your

current account?

W: No. I’ll keep it in the time deposit account.

M: All right, but I have to tell you that we should withdraw it first at the

current rate of interest and then deposit the money to your account. The

value date of your time deposit is updated from now on.

Question: What will happen if the woman withdraws money from her time deposit account before maturity? (D)

男：早上好，女士。有什么事需要我为您效劳吗？

女：早上好，先生。我在你们银行有定期存款。期限5 年。账户余额是35,000 元。现在我急需用钱。可以仍定期账户取一些钱吗？

男：需要多少？

女：20,000 元。

男：可以，但利息必须按照活期利率计算。剩下的钱怎么办？需要把它转账到您的活期账户吗？

女：不。还是存定期吧。

男：行啊。但我要告诉您，我们要先把全部金额按活期利率取出来，然后把余额存入您的定期账户。您的定期存款利息仍现在开始重新计算。

Task 2 Short Answer Questions

Scripts & Answers

Dialog 1

M: Yesterday my credit card was lost and then returned to me by a policeman.

W: What happened?

M: I lost my card in a department store. Then a man was caught when he used

my card to pay for his purchases; his signature on the sales slip did not

match my signature on the card.

W: You should be grateful to the shopgirl as well as the policeman.

Question: How was the credit card found held by another person?

The shopgirl found the signature on the sales slip different from that on the

card.

男：昨天我的信用卡丢了, 后来警察把它还给了我。

女：怎么回事？

男：我在商店把卡丢了。后来一个男人用我的卡购物付款时被抓捕，他在销售凭条上的签名与卡上我的签名不一致。

女：你应该好好感谢这位女售货员和警察。

Dialog 2

M: Now we have learnt the equation for the calculation of simple interest:

I = P×R×T. Who can tell what the letters stand for in the equation?

W: Let me try. Letter stands for interest, the fee for borrowing money. The

fee is based on three elements. represents the first element, principal, the

amount borrowed; stands for the second element, rate of interest; and

stands for time, that is, the period over which the interest is calculated.

M: If the rate of interest is 12% per annum, the amount of money borrowed is

$1,000, and the time is one year, how much interest will be paid at maturity?

W: According to the equation, the interest to be paid is $120 by multiplying

$1,000 by 12%.

Question: How much interest will you get on your RMB time deposit at maturity if

the amount is￥10,000, the time is 2 years and the rate of interest is 2% per

annum?

￥400.

男：现在我们已经学习了计算单利的公式：I = P × R × T。谁能说说这些字母在公式中都代表什么？

女：我试试。字母I 表示利息，也就是借款的费用。费用依据三个要素：P 代表第一个要素, 本金，也就是借的金额；R 代表第2 个要素，利率；T 代表时间，即利息结算的时间。

男：假如年利率是12%，所借的金额是1,000 美元，时间是1 年，到期后你要付

多少利息？

女：按照公式，我们用1,000 美元乘以12%，也就是要支付120 美元的利息。Dialog 3

W: Hi! What are you doing here? Doing some calculation?

M: Yes, I’m calculating the interest. A few months ago I borrowed some

money for emergency from a private finance company. I want to make

clear how much I have to pay since it falls due this month. You know I

borrowed the money at compound interest.

W: Oh, my God! At compound interest? The interest will be a large sum, since

it is calculated on both the sum of money you borrowed and the interest.

M: Yes. The interest is compounded on a monthly basis. I did not know it

increases very fast.

W: You devil! Why not borrow money from some commercial bank?

Question: How is the compound interest calculated according to the woman?

It is calculated on both the principal and the interest.

女：喂，你在这儿干什么？算账吗？

男：是，我在计算利息。几个月前因急用，我仍一家私人金融公司借了一笔钱。因这个月到期，我想算清楚到底要还多少钱。你知道吗？我可是按复利借的款。

女：哦，天哪！按复利？利息是好大一笔钱的，它不仅要算所借的本金的利息，还要算利息的利息。

男：对。利息是按月复计的，以前我不知道利息增加得这么快。

女：你啊！干嘛不去商业银行借钱呢？

Task 3 Listening and Simulating

Scripts & Answers

Dialog 1

W: Morning, sir. What can I do for you?

M: Morning. I come and deposit some money. What’s the current rate on the

sight deposit?

W: 1.78% per annum. Why not a time deposit? The rate on the time deposit is

much higher. You could earn more interest if you had a 3-year fixed time

deposit.

M: Probably you are right. I will do as you said when I have an amount of

spare cash.

W: It’s all right. Excuse me, sir, would you please fill in a deposit slip? It is the first

time for you to open an account with our bank. You should give us your name,

ID number, your address, phone number, and the currency and the amount to

be deposited. Er… yes, would you please show me your ID card?

女：早上好，先生。有什么事需要我为您效劳吗？

男：早上好。我来存点钱。现在的活期存款利率是多少？

女：年利率1.78%。为什么不存定期？定期的利率要高很多。如果您存3 年定期，您能够得到更多的利息。

男：也许你是对的。等我有闲钱，我就按你说的办。

女：没关系。麻烦您填一张存款凭条，好吗？这是您第一次在我们银行开户。您要写清您的姓名、身份证号码、地址、电话号码，以及存款的币种和金额。

嗯……还有，请您给我看看您的身份证好么？

Dialog 2

M: Excuse me! Where can I withdraw my money besides over the counter?

You see, so many people crowded around the counter. I’m afraid I can’t

wait any longer.

W: From ATMs over there.

M: Thank you. By the way, can I withdraw money from my time deposit

through an ATM?

W: No. You’d better do it over the counter. Only credit cards and debit cards

connected with particular current accounts can be used to withdraw money

through ATMs.

男：打搅了，请问除了柜台以外，我还可以在哪里取钱呢？你看，柜台周围挤满了人。我恐怕不能再等了。

女：可以仍那边的柜员机取钱。

男：谢谢！还有，我能够仍柜员机支取定期存款吗？

女：不可以。你最好去柜台支取定期存款。只有与特定活期账户相关联的信用卡和借记卡才可以通过柜员机上取钱。

Dialog 3

W: Excuse me, sir. I’ve a 2-year RMB time deposit with your bank at the

rate of 2.56% per annum. Would you please tell me how to calculate the

interest I can earn at maturity?

M: You are welcome, Madam. Well, can you tell me the balance of your

account?

W: 20,000 yuan.

M: All right. The calculation would be 20,000×2.56%×2 and you will get 1024

yuan. This is your interest on the 2-year time deposit.

M: It is simple interest, isn’t it?

W: Yes, of course. Banks never offer compound interest on deposits.

女：打扰一下，先生。我在你们银行有一个2 年期的人民币定期存款，年利率是2.56%。请告诉我怎样计算到期利息，好吗？

男：不用客气，女士。哦，你的存款余额是多少？

女：20,000 元。

男：好吧。利息的计算是20,000×2.56%×2，您可以得到1024 元。这就是您的

2 年定期存款的利息。

女：这是单利，对吧？

男：当然。银行绝不会提供复利给存款的。

Long Conversations

Conversation 1 Personal Deposit Services

Scripts & Answers

W: Hi, Robert. What brings you here?

M: Hi! Glad to see you. I’m here to open a RMB account. Could you give me some information?

W: I’d love to. What kind of deposit would you like to have?

M: Well, I’m not sure. Would you please tell me the pers onal deposit services offered by

your bank?

W: Of course. For personal deposit services we have demand deposits, fixed time deposits and savings deposits as well as certificates of deposit. If you have a small amount of money and withdraw cash frequently, you’d better have a demand deposit and open a checking account or a current account. You can write checks on your account, pay bills

or transfer your money from one account to another online and get cash through ATMs. If you have a large amount of money and intend to keep it for a long time, I think a fixed time deposit or a certificate of deposit is better. You can open a deposit account.

M: What’s the difference?

W: With a checking account, you can write checks on your account and withdraw cash at any time you need, but the interest rate is very low. A fixed time deposit can earn more interest because we offer a higher rate on it.

M: What’s the rate on a certificate of deposit?

W: Oh, the rate on CDs is similar to a fixed time deposit. You may choose different terms for the deposit, such as three months, six months, or a year. We will issue a certificate

of deposit or a bankbook for you. You are not allowed to withdraw money from your account until maturity.

M: What if I need to withdraw money from a deposit account before maturity?

W: You’ll lose some interest since a penalty will be charged for your withdrawal of money from your deposit account in advance. Your interest will be calculated at the rate on a current account.

M: How can I withdraw my money from a current account?

W: The current account takes the form of a deposit book as well as a bank card. You may withdraw or deposit money at any time with the card through ATMs or over the counter with your bankbook or bank card.

M: I’d rather open a current account with a bank card.

W: OK. Please fill in this deposit slip and state your currency and the amount here. And please put your passport number and your name here.

M: Here you are. I want to deposit RMB 5,000 yuan. Here is the money. Is everything all right?

W: Yeah, the amount is correct. … Oh, yes, may I have a look of your passport, please? We need a copy of your passport on file. … Thank you. Robert, would you please set a password for your card? Yes, just key in your password through the password processor. Your password should be an 8-digit number. OK. … Now, please key in your number again. All right, everything is OK. Here is your bank card and your passport. Please check it.

M: Fine. Thank you.

W: You are welcome. See you.

M: See you.

女：嗨，罗伯特，是什么风把你吹到这儿来了？

男：嗨，很高兴见到你。我来是想开一个人民币账户。能给我提供点信息吗？女：很愿意效劳。你需要哪种存款？

男：啊，我还没想好。请你给我介绍一下你们银行提供的个人存款业务，好吗？女：当然可以。关于个人存款业务，我们银行有活期存款、定期存款、储蓄存款

和大额存单。如果你的钱不多，而且需要经常取钱，最好存一个活期，开一

个支票账户或活期账户。你可以签发支票仍账户付钱，也可以仍网上付款或

者转账，还可以利用柜员机取款或存款。如果你有一大笔钱，而且打算长期

存放，我认为定期存款或大额存单比较好。你可以开立一个定期账户。

男：有什么不同吗？

女：如果你有支票账户，你可以在需要的仸何时候开支票付款或者取现，但利率很低。定期存款可以赚更多的利息，因为我们给的利率比较高。

男：存单的利率是多少？

女：哦，大额存单的利率与定期差不多。你可以选择存款的期限，比如3 个月、6 个月或者1 年。银行会给你开一张存单或者存折。存单到期之前你不能取钱。

男：如果到期之前我需要支取定期存款怎么办呢？

女：你会损失一些利息，这是对你提前支取定期存款的惩戒。你的利息将按照活期存款的利率计算。

男：我怎么仍活期存款账户取钱呢？

女：活期账户有存折或银行卡。你可以用银行卡仍柜员机存取钱或者拿存折或银行卡到银行柜台存取款。

男：我愿意开有银行卡的活期账户。

女：行。请填写存款凭单，在这里注明货币种类和金额。另外请在这里填写你的护照号码和姓名。

男：好了。我要存5000 元人民币。给你钱。有问题吗？

女：金额对了。……噢，我能看看你的护照吗？我们需要护照的复印件存档。……谢谢！罗伯特。请通过这个密码器为你的银行卡设密码。你的密码应该是8

位数字。行了。……现在请重复输入一次密码。好了，现在一切搞定。这是你

的银行卡和护照。请检查一下。

男：对的。谢谢。

女：不用谢。再见。

男：再见。

Conversation 2 Depositing Money

Scripts & Answers for Reference

M: Hi, I haven’t seen you for ages. How is business?

W: I can’t complain, Jack. Come to deposit money or buy funds?

M: Neither. I need your help.

W: What’s the matter?

M: Would you please tell me something about time deposits? I know the interest rate is much higher on time deposits than that on demand deposits.

W: Yes, you are right. We offer time deposits and certificates of deposit. They both earn a higher rate of interest than regular deposits do.

M: How long shall I have to keep the money in the account?

W: We offer choices of three-, six- or twelve-month terms in most cases. Of course, we have two-, three-, five-and ten-year plans, too.

M: Will the rate go up if I keep a longer term deposit?

W: Exactly. But you must determine the term of your deposit at the outset. Deposits with longer terms usually bear a higher rate of interest.

M: OK, I choose one-year for my account. I think most customers will prefer the one-year

term. It is more flexible.

W: Absolutely. Most of our customers use the six- or twelve-month plans.

M: What’s the rate on the one-year time deposit?

W: 2.5% per annum. It is 2.14% higher than the rate on a current account.

M: Wonderful. One more question, can I renew my deposit at maturity?

W: Of course, you may renew it if you wish.

M: Thanks for your explanation. Now, here is my ID card, the money, and my deposit slip.

I have got everything ready for you.

W: Thank you so much. I’ll attend to it quickly. Please wait for a moment.

M: That’s all right. By the way, shall I withdraw money before my time deposit falls due? W: Yes, you may withdraw your money before the maturity. But you cannot get the stated interest.

M: You mean I’ll lose all my interest?

W: No, just a part of it. We’ll give you the amount of money at your request but the interest shall be paid at the current rate.

M: I see. It’ll be a big loss.

W: Yes, of course. The difference between the current rate and the rate on the time deposit is nearly 2% per annum.

M: Is there any alternative?

W: You may borrow some money from our bank with your time deposit as collateral. We offer personal loan service.

M: Wonderful. How could I get the loan service if I needed?

W: You can go to the Credit Department over there.

M: It is very kind of you to give me so much help. I can’t thank you enough.

W: You are welcome.

男：嗨，好久不见，生意怎么样？

女：不错，杰克。来存钱还是买基金？

男：都不是。我找你帮忙。

女：怎么了？

男：你能给我讲讲定期存款吗？我知道定期存款的利率比活期存款的利率要高

很多。

女：对啊。我们有定期存款和大额存单，利率比一般存款利率高。

男：需要我把钱存多长时间呢？

女：通常情况下我们提供3 个月、6 个月或者12 个月等期限的多种选择，当然，我们也有2 年、3 年、5 年和10 年的方案。

男：期限越长，利率是不是越高？

女：对。但你得在一开始就确定你的存款期限。存款的期限越长通常得到的利率

越高。

男：好。我选1 年定期账户。我觉得多数客户会喜欢1 年定期。灵活些。

女：是。多数客户选择6 个月或1 年定期。

男：1 年定期的利率是多少？

女：2.5%。比活期利率高出2.14%。

男：太好了。还有一个问题，存款到期可以续期吗？

女：当然可以，只要你愿意。

男：谢谢你给我解释。哦，这是我的身份证、钱和我的存款凭条。我都已经为你

准备好了。

女：非常感谢！我马上办理。请稍候片刻。

男：别客气。顺便问一下，我可以在存款到期前取钱吗？

女：可以。你可以在到期前提前支取。但不能得到原定的利息。

男：你是说我一点利息也得不到吗？

女：不，只是损失一部分。我们按你的要求把钱给你，但按照当时的活期利率支

付利息。

男：明白。要损失一大笔钱。

女：当然。活期和定期年利率的差额是将近2%。

男：有别的办法吗？

女：你可以用你的定期存款作抵押贷款啊。我们银行提供这种个人贷款业务。

男：太好了。假如我需要，怎样才能借到钱呢？

女：你可以到那边的信贷部办理。

男：真是太好了，给我这么多的帮助，我真的感激不尽。

女：别客气。

Lectures

Lecture 1 Types of Bank Accounts

Scripts & Answers

A Broadcasting Speech:

Ladies and gentlemen, this is the speaker of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.

It’s an honor for me to be here and give a brief introduction to three principal types of personal accounts offered by our bank.

First, current accounts. The balance of a current account is repayable on demand and the account holder has the right to draw checks.

A customer may be granted an overdraft, that is to say, he may be permitted to draw checks

up to an agreed figure beyond the balance of his current account. If a customer overdraws his current account withou t the bank’s permission, he may thereby commit an offence under the Bank Act.

The bank charges interest on a day-to-day basis on overdrafts on current account. The rate

of interest is a matter for agreement, but is very frequently between 1% and 5% above t he bank’s base rate. The bank usually charges commission for services rendered, whether the account is in credit or overdrawn. Commission is normally debited half-yearly or quarterly.

The bank supplies customers with periodical loose-leaf statements setting out the debit and

credit entries in their accounts.

Secondly, deposit accounts. Such deposits are made for fixed terms, such as one, two, three,

six or twelve years. Before maturity, the balance of a customer’s deposit account is repayable upon

personal application after a stated period of notice, which at the present time is usually seven days. The customer has no right to draw checks on his deposit accounts.

The bank allows interest on deposit accounts at a rate which varies with its base rate. The

bank does not usually charge commission on a deposit account. If services, such as the collection of dividends or the payment of standing orders, are undertaken, the customer will normally have a current account as well as a deposit account, and commission will therefore be charged in the

current account.

The bank supplies its customer with a passbook setting out the debit and credit entries in the account. Alternatively, if a fixed sum is to be deposited, it is still the practice in some places for the bank to issue to its customer a “deposit receipt”.

Thirdly, savings accounts. These accounts are a special type of deposit accounts which are intended primarily for small savers. The rate of interest on savings accounts is usually a little lower than that on deposit accounts, but the rate is fairly static, that is to say, it does not vary

with every change in base rate. Some banks allow the full deposit account rate of interest on savings account balances in excess of a certain figure, e.g. $200.

女士们，先生们，我是中国工商银行发言人。今天有幸在此给各位介绍我行为客户提供的三种主

要账户种类。

第一，活期账户。活期账户的余额是即期偿付的，账户持有人有权签发仍活期账户付款的支票。客户可以获准透支，就是说，在签发支票时，客户可以获准仍账户支出超过账户余额的金额。如果客户在没有得到银行允许的情况下透支，按照《银行法》规定，他就是犯法了。银行按天对活期账户透支金额收取利息。利率是双方协议的问题，但往往比银行基准利率高1%到5%。银行通常对提供的服务收取手续费，不管账户是否透支。手续费一般是半年或一季度收取一次。银行还给客户定期发送活页账单，列举全部账户的借记和贷记账项。

第二，定期账户。这种存款是有固定期限的，比如1 年、2 年、3 年、6 年或12 年。存款到期之前客户的定期账户余额必须在规定的取款通知后，凭客户个人申请偿付。目前通知时间一般是7 天。客户无权对定期账户签发支票。

银行允许定期账户的利率随银行基准利率变化而变化。银行通常不对定期账户收取服务费。有些业务，如代收股息或支付长期自动转账的委托等，客户一般同时有定期账户和活期账户，服务费是仍活期账户中扣除。

银行给客户提供存折，存折上注明账户的贷项和借项内容。另外，如果存入固定的金额，有些地方的银行惯例是给客户出具存款单。

第三，储蓄账户。这些账户是一种特殊形式的存款账户，其目的是针对小额储户。储蓄账户的利率比定期账户稍低一些，但利率很稳定，即，它不随银行的基准利率变化。有些银行在储蓄账户余额超过一定数额，比如200 美元时，即允许获得与定期一样的存款利率。Lecture 2 Money Creation

Scripts & Answers for Reference

Good evening, everyone. Today we’ll study money creation in banking operation. Let’s

assume the reserve ratio set by the central bank is 12%. Thus, when you deposit ￥1,000 in your local bank, it may immediately set aside ￥120 as a reserve. The bank deposits the reserve in a branch of the central bank. After setting aside the ￥120 reserve, your bank is free to loan out ￥880.

Another bank customer comes to borrow the ￥880 and deposits the money with the bank.

Note that the money supply has increased by ￥880, as your ￥1,000 remains on deposit and

the bank has lent ￥880 new money to another client. After deducting 12% of ￥880 (￥105.60) as a reserve, the bank loans out the remainder or ￥774.40 to a third client. Again the money supply rises. If this process continues to its limit, a total of ￥8,333.33 circulates in the system. After deducting your original ￥1,000 deposit, ￥7,333.33 of new money is being used in the community and represents a net increase in the money supply.

A simple way to calculate the maximum possible expansion with a 12% reserve requirement

is to divide your original ￥1,000 by 0.12 (percentage of deposit to be set aside in reserve), which equals ￥8,333.33.

What happens if the central bank wishes to rein in the money supply by increasing reserve requirements? Suppose the PBC issues a change requiring that 15% of deposits be set side

as a reserve instead of the 12% used in the example. The new maximum number of money

in circulation becomes ￥6,666.66 (￥1,000 divided by 0.15). If your bank has lent all of its available funds based on a reserve of 12%, it must immediately attract new deposits to build its reserves to 15% or call in enough loans to meet the new 15% reserve requirement. When this happens, the availability of money for business is said to be “tight”. Conversely, the PBC can lower the reserve requirement to increase the money supply.

大家晚上好。今天我们要学习一下银行运作中的货币创造。假如中央银行规定的准备金率是12%。这样，当你在本地银行存入1,000 元，银行会立即将其中120 元作为准备金存放起来。银行

将这120 元存入中央银行在当地的分行，然后，该行就可以自由地将880 元贷出去。

另一位客户来银行办理了￥880 的借款，并将钱仌然存放在该银行。注意: 货币供应量已经增

加了￥880，因为你的￥1,000 仌然存在银行，而银行新贷出了￥880 给另一个客户。在扣除￥880

的12%（即￥105.60）作为准备金后，银行将余款￥774.40 贷给第三个客户。货币供应再次增加。

如果这个过程继续下去直到它的极限的话，银行系统流通的总额达到￥8,333.33。扣除你最初的

￥1,000 存款后，有￥7,333.33 新增的资金被社会所利用，这笔钱代表货币供应量的净增长。金融英语听说-教师用书1-2.indd 47 2010.12.31 11:17:08 AM

48

如果准备金要求是12%，计算货币扩张最大可能的简单方法是用0.12（以准备金的形式留存的存款总

额的百分比）除你最初存的1000元，结果就是8,333.33元。

如果中央银行想通过提高准备金要求来控制货币供应的话，情况会怎样呢？比如在上述例子中，中

央银行颁布了新的规定，要求留出存款的15%而不是12%作为准备金。1,000元的存款在流通中扩张的最

大数目就成了￥6,666.66（即￥1,000除以0.15）。如果你的银行已按12%的准备金贷出了所有的资金，它就

必须立即吸引新的存款以使准备金达到15%，或者收回足够的贷款来满足新的15%的准备金要求量。这

种情况出现时，可以贷放给企业的资金就“紧缩”。相反，中央银行可以用降低法定准备金的方法增加货

币供应量。