2019届高考英语阅读理解精选细做：科技类

科技类

1、 A buld-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunat ely, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5' 5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.

To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.

Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.

The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.

1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?

A.It's delicate.

B.It's expensive.

C.It's complex.

D.It's portable.

2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A.The tube.

B.The still.

C.The hole.

D.The cup.

3.What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?

A.Dig a hole of a certain size.

B.Put the cup in place.

C.Weight the sheet's center down.

D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.

4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form .

A.the plastic tube

B.outside the hole

C.the open air

D.beneath the sheet

2、After ye ars of research and testing, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It’ s an interesting and exciting new improvement in today’ s world as we look for better ways to protect the quality of the air we breathe and conserve our natural resources.

The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car’ s engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.

A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partially electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that’s not how it works. The 144volt battery pack is actually recharged through the energy that i s produced when the car’s brakes are used. This is referred to as “regenerative braking”, because it generates electricity.

Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time, this helps it use less gas than a regular car. When the driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.

Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas? That probabl y wouldn’t happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashes a warning on its computer screen that says, “I am low on gas”. When it completely runs out, the warning reads, “YOU ARE NOW OUT OF

GAS!” Then the electric power supply kicks in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.

1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.The hybrid car will be put on the market.

B.Hybrid cars run faster than regular cars.

C.When the hybrid car stops at a traffic light, the driver will get a warning.

D.The burning of fossil fuels is one of the largest sources of air pollution.

2.According to the passage, the word “hybrid” refers to ________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/671110071.html,ording to the passage, the word "hybrid" refers to ________.A. a high-tech discovery

B.energy saving

C.a new invention

D.a combination of two things

3.“Regenerative breaking” is an important process of the hybrid car because ________.

A.it allows the car to come to a quick stop

B.it gives the driver a smoother ride

C.it produces energy to charge the battery

D.it can control the speed of the car

4.Which of the following is right about the EPA?

A.They designed hybrid cars.

B.They outlawed (宣布……为不合法) the burning of fossil fuels.

C.They set important guidelines that help control pollution.

D.Their main purpose is to protect endangered plants and animals.

5.Which of the following is the reason for developing hybrid cars?

A.They use less gas than regular cars.

B.They' re safer to drive than most cars.

C.They're more modern than other cars.

D.They cost less than regular cars.

3、Getting stitched(缝合)up by Dr.Robot may one day be reality.Scientists have created a robotic system which did just that in living animals without a real doctor pulling,the strings.Much like engineers are designing self-driving cars,the medical research is part of a move toward

autonomous surgical robots,removing the surgeon’s hands from certain tasks that a machine might perform all by itself.

Doctors wouldn’t leave the bedside they’re supposed to watch,plus they’d handle the rest of the surgery. In small tests using pigs,the robotic arm performed at least as well,and in some cases a bit better,as some competing surgeons in stitching together intestinal(肠的)tissue.“The purpose wasn’t to replace surgeons,”said Dr.Kim who led the project.“If you hav e all intelligent tool that works with a surgeon,can it improve the outcome? That’s what we have done.”

If you’ve heard about machines like the popular Da Vinci system,you might think robots already are operating.Not really.Today many hospitals offer,robot-assisted surgery where surgeons use the machinery as tools that they control by hand,typically,to operate through tiny openings in the body.But robot-assisted surgery has been controversial,as some studies have shown it can bring higher costs without better outcomes.

Kim’s team at Children’s Sheikh Zayed Institute invented the new STAR system—it stands for Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot—works sort of like a programmable sewing machine.They added sensors to help guide each stitch and tell how tightly to pull.But the approach wasn’t perfect.In the living animals,the robot took much longer and made a few stitching mistakes while the surgeon sewing by hand made none.Kim said the robot can be sped up.Fie hopes to begin human studies in two or three years.

1.What’s the best title for the text?

A.A new robotic system

B.A new-style way of stitching

C.The newly-designed driverless vehicles

D.Robot surgeons one step closer to reality

2.What will surgeons do when Dr.Robot is used in surgery?

A.They can help pull the strings.

B.They rest at the bedside.

C.They join in when necessary.

D.They perform other surgery.

3.Some people are against using robots in surgery probably because_________.

A.they can be out of control

B.they will take shorter time

C.they may be expensive to use

D.they are likely to cause great pain

4.What can we infer from the text?

A.Dr.Robot can take the place of surgeons.

B.Dr.Robot will be developed at a fast pace.

C.Dr.Robot has been tested with human trials.

D.Dr.Robot can free doctors’hands i n the operation.

4、 A hybrid electric vehicle (混合动力车) or HEV is a vehicle driven by the combination of petrol engine and electric motor. Terrence has been driving a HEV for five years. He really doesn’t understand why more people aren’t accepting them. “I probably spend about $ 7 a day on petrol,” the taxi driver told news. com. au. In his previous conventional vehicle Terrence said he was spending up to $ 30 a day on petrol, meaning he saves almost $ 6000 every year.

The Toyota spokesman said this was quite a high saving and official tests estimate (估计) an average driver would only save about 33 percent off their current bill. This means a driver paying $ 30 a day on petrol would see their bill drop to about $ 20 using the hybrid. “A taxi driver that drives in built-up areas and spends little time on highways will notice a higher fuel saving,” he said. “Low speeds allow the electric motors to be used more and the petrol engine used less.”

While some people are skeptical about how reliable hybrids are, Terrence said he had never run out of power. His Camry cost about $ 34,000 and so after five years, it’s nearly paid for itself. “For cab drivers, it’s a real advantage because of the cost-effectiveness,” he said.

Terrence has no complaints about the car. “I l ove it, the calm and quietness of it, the simplicity of it—you just jump in and go. The maintenance(保养)is really low. But the only difficulty is finding someone to service the car as there are not many experienced mechanics(机修工).”

Terrence said it’s “extraordinary” that more drivers aren’t buying more hybrid electric vehicles and that governments are not encouraging this more. “I think people have a view that you have to plug it in, which is not true. A lack of information about the cars may be stopping people from taking the plunge. It’s not promoted at all for the public to understand—it’s simplifying the actual owning of a car—you don’t have to do so many things to own it and run it, it’s just so much simpler. Why wouldn’t the government promote such a thing?”

1.How much does an average driver save each day by driving a hybrid, according to the Toyota spokesman?

A.$30

B.$20

C.$10

D.$7

2.Terrence’s problem with his HEV at the moment is about the ________.

A.speed

B.power

C.price

D.service

3.When saying “extraordinary”, Terrence thinks it is ________.

A.understandable

B.wonderful

C.doubtful

D.unbelievable

4. What does Terrence think prevent the popularity of hybrid cars?

A.The difficulty in servicing the car.

B.The restriction of the government.

C.The lack of information about HEV.

D.The inconvenience with charging the car.

5、Humans have been keeping animals as pets for tens of thousands of years, but Dr. Jean-Loup Rault, an animal scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, believes new companions are coming: robot pets.

“Technology is moving very fast,” Rault told ABC News, “The Tamagotchi in the early 1990s was really the first robotic pet, and now Sony and other big companies have improved them a lot.”

This may not sit well with pet lovers. After all, who would choose a plastic toy over a lovely puppy? But Rault argues that the robotic kind has a lot going for it: “You don’t have to feed it, you don’t have to walk it, it won’t make a mess in your house, and you can go on a holiday

without feeling guilty.” The technology also benefits those who are allergic to pets, short on space, or fearful of real animals.

It’s not clear whether robot pets can replace real ones. But studies do suggest that we can bond(紧密联系)with these smart machines. People give their cars names and kids give their toy animals life stories. It’s the same with robots. When Sony stopped its repair service for its robot dog Aibo in March 2014, owners in Japan held funerals.

As an animal welfare researcher, Rault is concerned about how robotic pets could affect our attitudes towards live animals. “If we become used to a robotic companion that doesn’t need food, water or exercises, perhaps it will change how humans care about other living beings.” He said.

So are dogs and cats a thing of the past, as Rault predicts? For those who grew up with living and breathing pets, the mechanical kind might not do. But for our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology, a future in which lovely pets ne edn’t have a heartbeat might not be a far-fetched dream.

1.What does the underlined part “sit well with” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A.Be refused by.

B.Be beneficial to.

C.Receive support from.

D.Make a difference to.

2.Who is fond of keeping robot pets?

A.Those who are not fearful of real animals.

B.Those who grew up with living beings.

C.Those who will develop strong bond with their machines.

D.Those who are often exposed to smart technology.

3.What may be the best title for the text?

A.Robot pets are coming

B.The popularity of robot pets

C.Living pets are dying out

D.The advantages of robot toys

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3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

2019年高考英语阅读理解专题复习10篇(带答案)

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(江苏专版)2019年高考英语总复习 微专题训练 第27练 科技类(一)

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