(通用版)2017届高三英语二轮复习 第一板块 语法填空与短文改错 题型一 语法填空

第一板块语法填空与短文改错题型一语法填空补上一课

从划分句子成分上找到语法填空、短文改错的解题突破口

目前的英语教学往往存在对句子成分不够重视的问题，以至于不少考生在这方面比较薄弱。殊不知正确分析句子成分和判断句子结构是学好英语的必备基础，不仅对语法填空和短文改错等题型的解答有直接的影响，而且对写好作文、理解完形填空和阅读理解中出现的长难句有重要意义。所以在此很有必要给考生们补上这一课。

句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。

一、主语——句子的主体(主语用“—”标注)

主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。

The__most__obvious_problem_in_our_class is lack of interaction and teamwork.

我们班最明显的问题是缺少互动和协作。(名词短语作主语)

Mastering_a_foreign_language will be of great help in our life.

掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词短语作主语)

Whether_she_will_be_able_to_come remains a question.

她是否能来仍然是一个问题。(从句作主语)

二、谓语——主语的行为(谓语用“—”标注)

谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当。

When he got up at 7：00 am, a big plan occurred to him.

他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词和动词短语作谓语)

The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull.

手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语)

We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.

对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语)

三、宾语——动作的对象(宾语用“—”标注)

宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。

I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.

我设法说服我的同学接受我的想法。(不定式作宾语)

Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before

setting out.

他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词短语作宾语)

Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.

我们的成功取决于我们彼此合作良好的程度。(从句作宾语)

四、表语——主语的特征(表语用“[ ]”标注)

表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。

Although the answer seemed [a little strange], nobody but I doubted it.

尽管答案有些奇怪，但只有我对此产生了怀疑。(形容词作表语)

Several minutes passed but the whole class was [in complete silence]．

几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。(介词短语作表语)

The important thing is [to learn and control your temper] so that you may not do or say anything you'll regret.

最重要的是学会控制你的脾气，这样你可能就不会说出使你后悔的话。(不定式短语作表语)

五、定语——名词的修饰语(定语用“[ ]”标注)

定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等。

We may have [various] ways [to deal with such a situation]．

我们可能有各种各样应付此类情况的方式。(形容词和不定式短语作定语)

All the books [offered by the students] are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.

据报道，同学们提供的所有书籍都在几天前送给了乡下的孩子们。(过去分词短语作定语)

How Li Hua regretted the [valuable] time [(that) he had wasted on the computer]!

李华多么后悔浪费在玩电脑游戏上的宝贵时间！(形容词和从句作定语)

六、状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语(状语用“[ ]”标注)

状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句等。

[After a week's trip], he returned home, [tired but very happy]．

旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。(介词短语和形容词作状语)

[To compete] more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.

为了更好地与他人竞争，越来越多的人们都用更高水平的教育来装备自己。(不定式短语作状语)

[Time permitting], I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends [so that we can have a better relationship]．

时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间和朋友一起度过，这样我们就会有更加良好的关系。 (独立结构和从句作状语)

七、补语——宾语或主语的补充说明(补语用“[ ]”标注)

补语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。

We'll try our best to make our country [more and more beautiful]．

我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。(形容词作宾补)

Popular science books can help us students [to become more interested in science and nature]．

科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式短语作宾补)

To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English [spoken] as much as possible.

为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(过去分词作宾补)

八、同位语——同等重要的修饰语(同位语用“[ ]”标注)

对句子中的名词或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。

They [three] want to travel around the world together on foot.

他们三个想一起步行周游世界。(数词作同位语)

We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, [a holiday] for us to show our respect for the elderly.

我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。(名词作同位语)

I hold the opinion [that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty]．

我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。(从句作同位语)

[课堂巩固训练]

划分句子成分

题型研究课

从题型上探究语法填空、短文改错的解题技能

题型一语法填空

语法填空就是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语美文中，在保证句子成分、结构和

语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去10个空所为。这10个空又根据提示词的有无

分为有提示词和无提示词两种，这两种题型究其实质还是对基本语法知识的考查。

[感悟高考]

A(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new

hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __61__(attract)．

So it was a great hono ur to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda

Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I __62__ (allow) to get up close

to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK

ambassador. The title will be __63__ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.

But my connection with pandas goes back __64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,

__65__ I was the first Western TV reporter __66__ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include __67__ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin th at had been rejected by __68___ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70__ other is with mum —she never suspects.

[答案解析]

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店，但这对于作者这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。

61．attraction 形容词top修饰空格处的名词，attract的名词形式是attraction，意思是“吸引人之物”。

62．was allowed I与allow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时，可确定此句也用过去时。故填was allowed。

63．officially 空格处修饰过去分词given，故用副词修饰。official的副词形式是officially (官方地)。

64．to go back to“追溯到”，是固定搭配。句意：但是我和熊猫的渊源可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期我做一个电视节目的……。

65．when 分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“the mid-1980s”，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。

66．permitted reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。

67．introducing 此处用动名词作include的宾语。

68．its mother是名词，故此处填it的形容词性物主代词its。

69．days “every few＋复数名词”意思是“每隔……”。every few days“每隔几天”。

70．the one ... the other ...“一个……另一个……”。

B(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of __61__ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of __62__ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable.

Most of us are more focused __64__ our tasks in the morning than we are later

in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive __65__ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.

Recent __66__ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __67__ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __68__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely __69__ (bring) your work home. It could be anything —gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, __70__ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

[答案解析]

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如果在工作中感觉压力很大，你不妨先后退一步，把手

头的工作分一下轻重缓急，优先处理最重要的工作，这样你就能获得一种成就感。

61．greater and连接并列成分，由and后的less可知，空格处也要用形容词的比较级。great的比较级是greater。

62．achievement 介词of后要用名词形式，achieve的名词是achievement。

63．is 单个的动名词短语leaving ...作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，又因为文章

主体时态是一般现在时，故填is。

64．on focus on“集中于，聚焦于”，是固定搭配。句意：我们大多数人在上午比在

一天的晚些时候更能集中精力工作。

65．as as ... as possible意为“尽可能……”，是固定句式。句意：因此，早点

儿开始，在午餐前尽可能高效。

66．studies 谓语动词为show，故空格处应填study的复数形式studies。

67．regularly 空格处修饰动词短语“take short breaks”，故用副词。regular的

副词形式是regularly。

68．a for a while“片刻，一会儿”，是固定搭配。

69．to bring be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。句意：如果你发现在办公室之

外有喜欢做的事情，你把工作带回家的可能性就小了。

70．make 分析破折号后的句子结构可知，whatever引导让步状语从句，make sure ...

部分是主句。这里用动词原形开头构成祈使句。

C(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)

In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of Chi na, Japan, Korea, __61__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also

be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might __62__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __63__ (create) special designs.

The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, __64__ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, __65__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which __66__ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __67__ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the __68__ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __69__ (be) too violent for use at the table.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example，most people traditionally eat __70__ their hands.

[答案解析]

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。筷子通常是两根细长的木头或竹子。它们也能用塑料、动物的骨头或者金属制成。有时，筷子很有艺术性。

61．and 句意：……在中国、日本、韩国和越南的……文化里，人们通常用筷子吃饭。

62．be made 筷子用金、银做成，此处用被动语态。be made of“用……制成”。

63．to create 此处表示combine ... and ...的目的，故用不定式作目的状语。句意：熟练的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来以创造出特别的样式。

64．using people与use之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。

65．as/when 句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(当人口增加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，空格内填as或者when, as/when引导时间状语从句。

66．gradually 空格处修饰turned into，故用副词。gradual的副词形式是gradually。

67．who 分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词Confucius(孔子)，且从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。

68．development 空格处位于定冠词the后，由of chopsticks修饰，故空格处须填名词。develop的名词形式是development。

69．were 分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。主句用了一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态；又因主语是knives，故填were。

70．with eat with their hands“用手抓饭吃”。with表示“用”。

[全国卷3年考情分析] 注：2016年全国高考共3套试题，有的按甲、乙、丙卷分类，有的按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类，其对应关系为

Ⅰ卷—乙卷、Ⅱ卷—甲卷、Ⅲ卷—丙卷，本书按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类，以下各题型同。

近3年全国卷七套试题的语法填空部分充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。

1．有提示词

有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致；非谓语动词；形容词的比较等级；名词的数；代词的格以及词类转换。

(1)动词的考查是语法填空的重点，包括谓语动词和非谓语动词。近3年的七套试题对动词的考查比较稳定，基本是每套3－5题，涉及的范围比较广，几乎涵盖了除虚拟语气之外所有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考查将一如既往地稳定，虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。

(2)名词、代词的考查每年都会涉及。名词主要考查单复数的变化，代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的变化。在此提醒大家关注一下反身代词的考查。

(3)形容词、副词的比较等级偶有考查，近3年的七套试题中出现了两次，都是考查的比较级。但最高级也应成为大家关注的对象。

(4)词类转换的考查相对稳定，平均每套题两个左右，形容词变副词是考查的重点，另外，动词变为名词，名词与形容词的互变等都应在备考中多注意。

2．无提示词

无提示词的语法填空考查了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语

境填词。

(1)冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配；并列连词主要看前后的逻辑关系；助动

词主要是疑问句或否定句；语境填词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择合适的词。

(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词，包括定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；名词

性从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词；状语从句的连词。但是考查的比较简单，只要搞清

从句的基本用法大体都能做对。

(3)另外，there be结构与强调句型也应在备考中多关注。

对应学生用书P5

一、有提示词

(一)提示词为动词

命题点1.考查谓语动词

若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62.________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.

分析：考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，62空所在的句中没有谓语动词，故空处

应填谓语动词。前句的谓语动词是was，根据时态一致的原则，后句的时态也应用一般过去时，I与allow之间为动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案为was allowed。

②(2016·四川高考)However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the

forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 69.________ (drive) the young panda away.

分析：考查时态。分析句子结构可知，69空所在句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语

动词。此处是叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故答案为drove。

命题点2.考查非谓语动词

若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词通常是非谓语动词，就要确定是v.-ing形式，v.-ed形式，还是不定式。一般来说，v.-ing形式表示主动、进行；v.-ed

形式表示被动完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include 67.________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

分析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，67空所在的句子已经有谓语动词will include，且空处与will include不作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。此处用动名词作include的宾语。故答案为introducing。

②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal

63.________ (create) special designs.

分析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，63空所在句已有谓语动词combine，且不

与combine作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，故答案为to create。

③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers 68.________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

分析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，68空所在句已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分

词作定语。故答案为conducted。

命题点3.考查词类转换

有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求进行词类转换。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top

61.________(attract)．

分析：考查词类转换。表示最具吸引力的地方，应用名词形式。故答案为attraction。

②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)While there are 68.________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.

分析：考查词类转换。此处修饰stories，要用形容词，故用amazing。但是，考生很

容易写成amazed，amazedly，造成失分，因为amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，amazed意为

“感到惊讶的”。换言之，现在分词转换的形容词常常修饰事物，过去分词转换的形容词常常修饰人或者与人有关的事物。横线后面是名词story，说明应该使用现在分词转换的形容词amazing。

(二)提示词为名词或代词

命题点1.考查名词、代词的数与格

所给提示词是名词时，一般考查单复数的变化，偶尔考查所有格；所给词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent 66.________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.

分析：考查名词的数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明空格处的主语是名词复数studies。

②(2016·四川高考)By that time, the panda no longer needed 68.________ (it) mother for food.

分析：考查代词的格。此处表示“它的母亲”，故使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mother。故答案为its。

命题点2.考查名词的词类转换及人称代词变为反身代词

所给提示词是名词时，有时考查词类转换，主要是名词变为形容词或动词。所给提示词为代词时，有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。

①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As 69.________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

分析：考查词类转换。结合空格后的architects可知应该用形容词作定语，修饰名词，因此填natural。

②(2016·咸阳市模拟)When I got to the exit again, I found 66.________ ( I ) driving to the place we had driven in.

分析：考查人称代词转化为反身代词。空格内的词与前面的I相对应，应是我发现“我自己”，故用反身代词myself。

(三)提示词为形容词或副词

命题点1.考查形容词或副词的比较等级

所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 61.________ (great) and less importance.

分析：考查比较等级。本空所填之词与less是并列关系，应用比较级的形式。故答案为greater。

②(2014·辽宁高考)The 68.________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.

分析：考查固定句式中的比较等级。这里是“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级...”句式，表示“越……就越……”。故答案为harder。

命题点2.考查词类转换

所给提示词是形容词时，还需要考虑形容词转化为副词或名词。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be 63.________ (official) given to me at

a ceremony in London.

分析：考查词类转换。修饰谓语部分应用副词形式。故答案为officially。

②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.________ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

分析：考查词类转换。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。故答案为ability。

二、无提示词

命题点1.填代词

无提示词的考查中，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、不

定代词以及it的用法。

①(2015·广东高考)Now it occurred to 25.________ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

分析：考查代词。由前文可知，此处指突然发生在他身上的事情。It occurs/occurred to sb.that ...“某人突然想到……”。故答案为him。

②(2014·广东高考)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 16.________ was a wonderful holiday destination.

分析：考查代词。从空后的a wonderful holiday destination可以知道，这个地方就是Miami，用it指代前面提到的地点。故答案为it。

命题点2.填介词

如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused 64.________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.

分析：考查固定搭配中的介词。be focused on为固定搭配，意为“集中于……”。故答案为on。

②(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board.I got a place next 64.________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.

分析：考查固定搭配中的介词。此处是一个固定短语next to，意为“挨着”。故答案为to。

③(2014·辽宁高考)OK. Don't laugh 61.________ me. I may look funny.

分析：考查固定搭配中的介词。laugh at是固定搭配，意为“嘲笑”。故答案为at。

命题点3.填冠词

如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one i s being bottle-fed, 70.________ other is with mum —she never suspects.

分析：考查冠词。one ... the other ...是固定搭配，意为“一个……另一个……”。故答案为the。

②(2015·广东高考)He owned 16.________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.

分析：考查冠词。此处第一次提到农场，应用不定冠词。故答案为a。

命题点4.填并列连词

空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分，如两个主谓结构完整的词、句子、短语等，而且相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61.________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

分析：考查并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。

②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days 64.________ even

a few months.

分析：考查并列连词。句意：但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。a few days 和a few months为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用or连接。

命题点5.填从句连词

从句连词是指三大从句的引导词，它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词，首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65.________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

分析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“the mid-1980s”，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。

②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, 65.________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

分析：考查状语从句的引导词。此处空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候，随着”，应用when/as。

③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

分析：考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意和句子结构可知此处是一个定语从句，因为先行词是物，且引导词在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which。

④(2014·广东高考) I didn't understand 20.________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

分析：考查宾语从句的引导词。“我”不知道/不明白________会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。

命题点6.填助动词或情态动词

有时，我们需要用助动词来构成某些句式，如疑问句、否定句或强调句型等；另外，有时也需要根据语境填上相应的情态动词。

①(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Then the driver stood up and asked, “68.________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”

分析：考查一般疑问句式中的助动词。分析语境，此处指司机问“有人在上一站丢失手提箱吗？”。这是一个问句，同时丢失东西的动作已经发生，应用一般过去时，因此填did。注意首字母要大写。故答案为Did。

②(2014·全国卷样题)Mum：Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9.________ have put them in there when the phone rang.

分析：考查情态动词。结合语境可知，此处表示对过去发生的事情进行的肯定推测，故用must。

命题点7.其他语境填词

无提示词的空格有时也需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的词。

①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)So, get an early start and try to be as productive

65.________ possible before lunch.

分析：考查固定搭配。as ...as possible为固定搭配，意为“尽可能……”。故答案为as。

②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ) It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 62.________， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog.

分析：考查逻辑关系。根据句意和“I'd been at home”的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前，我待在香港的家里”，“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前，故此处填before或earlier均可。

③(2014·辽宁高考)Oh ..., if you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep

70.________.

分析：考查固定搭配。take a deep breath意为“深深地吸一口气”，属于固定搭配，故答案为breath。

[课堂巩固训练]

(2016·福建省五校高中毕业班统一考试)According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also __1__ (express) their great concern about it. Experts hope __2__ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.

Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue.I think this is a phenomenon, which __3__ (call) for our great concern. We should make every effort __4__(prevent) school violence happening at school, for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal __5__ (safe) could not be guaranteed. In fact, violence can be learned. __6__ (actual), children learn violence behavior from adults or from __7__ they see on television or on the Internet.

If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result in __8__ (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.

All in all, we students should behave __9__ (we) and keep away __10__ violence.

语篇解读：校园暴力这一现象引起了老师和家长的关注。本文介绍了校园暴力形成的原因以及阻止校园暴力的方法。

1．expressed 根据该句中的“showed”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填expressed。

2．the the whole society意为“全社会”，为固定用法，故填the。

3．calls 分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，which指代“a phenomenon”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数；由“I think this is”可知，应用一般现在时，故填calls。

4．to prevent 句意：我们应当尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生。make every effort to do sth.为固定搭配，故此处应用动词不定式。

5．safety 根据空处前的“their personal”可知，空处应填名词safety。

6．Actually 分析该句结构可知，空处修饰全句，作状语，故用副词actually。

7．what 分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“see”的宾语，故用what。

8．more 句意：如果我遇到校园暴力，我不会以暴制暴，因为这会导致更多的打斗。根据句意可知，空处应使用比较级。

9．ourselves behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止规矩有礼，检点”；根据主语“we”可知，空处应用反身代词ourselves。

10．from keep away from为固定搭配，意为“远离”。

语法填空短文改错练习

语法填空短文改错练习． 专题练习二A ) 陕西省西安中学模拟

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