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会计职业道德的外文翻译

会计职业道德的外文翻译
会计职业道德的外文翻译

Underthe financial crisis to rebuildingacco untingoccupationethics question rese

arch literature review

徐珊珊

The financial crisis has become an indisputable fact,accou nting occupation morals got bepoundedbadly, beplaced in jeopardy of accountingintegrity。Theaccountingpers onnelin thecountry,socialinterests and the interests ofindividual units,conflictsofinterest, nottheinterestsof the temptation offorgery, alteration inaccounting information orcollusion,lostthebasic concept of legal system,inorderto meettheir own selfish d esiresand make the nonmoral behavior,these are serious impact on accounting occupation and the accounting informationreliability。Therefore we must strengthentheaccoun ting occupation morals construction,establish and perfec ttheaccounting,auditing and relevant lawlawsandregulations,strengthenthe audit organization and the supervisionof public opinion,to strengthen the accountantoccupati on morals education and continuing education。

Thefinancial crisis,itisto point toacountry or several countries and regionsallor most of thefinancial indicators,sharp,andultra—short-cycle deterioration. The accounting occupation morals is the accounting occupatio nactivitiesthat should be followed,reflect accountantoccupati on characteristics of occupation code of conduct and norms。The financial crisis as catalyst,which have beenfaced with the s eriouschallenge of accountingoccupation morals bottomline

facedcollapse,especially smalland medium—sized enterprises inChina faces sharpdecline inthe volume oftrade andcapitalshortage of the double pressure,serious influenceto the environment for the survivalanddevelopment ofsmall and medium—sized enterprises. The ou tbreakofthefinancialcrisis thatcauses, causes the enterprise market risks increase,contradictionof supply anddemand increasingly outstanding,marketatrophycaused by poor liquidity,appearedthe phenomenonofserious run behindone's expenses;at the same time,thebank streng thened the businessloan recovery efforts, making enterpr ises financing channels are affected,resulting in low econom ic benefits ofbusiness.Theenterprise assets shrunk,so willthe financial statements willcover some substantiallosses,especially thelisted companies isto resort to every conceivable means for accounting fraud. Thedistortion of accounting information has becomeawidespread phenomenon, makethe accounting integrity system has been questione d,investorslostconfidence,rethinkingthe accountantoccupationmoral construction problem iscrunch time。But accountantoccupationmoral deterioration a lso exacerbated bythe outbreak of thefinancial crisi s.

Whatis ethicalaccounting? The idea of accounting ethics deals with the moralandvalues—based judgmentsand decisio nsan accountant or accounting agency confront daily in their practice。Due to the nature of theirworkas communicatorsoffinancial informationto business managers,shareholders,and thegeneralpublic,aswell bookkeeping a

nd auditing of business entities,accountantsand accounting agenciesare held tothe highest standardsof transparency and morality inregards to their researchand the information they convey。Accounting can beused as a way to study how an dwhy a business maysucceedor fail,but aboveall it isa public service;those whopractice it must make judgments and decisions that can sometimes supersede the interests oftheir clientsin favor oftheinterests ofthe publicat large.

Failureto applyethical standards to accounting create sthe opportunity for manipulationof facts and informationt hat,if used to mislead, could cause a person to invest under falsepretenses,or a business torepresent its finances fraudulently to its shareholders。It isof theutmost impo rtance thatthe public be able to trustaccountants and acc ounting,because theirfinancial future,and that of theirfamily orbusiness, could beatstake.

Asan accountant,you are goingto come face-to-face withplentyofethical issues。Deciding whether someone’s business practices andtheir actions areethicalis something that can be fairly difficult, but holding ethicalstandardsis a vital part of yourjob. Many peopleinthe accountingand bankingindustry often findithard to recognizeaserious ethical problem. Itisnot that they are unethical people,butfrequentlythey are simply aware that an ethicalproblem is presenting itself. Nearlyeverything that you doin your line of work has anethical side of things。

Whyisitimportant that accountants and accountingfi

rmsbe ethical?

Youhold a veryimportant role in eachcustomers andcompanyslife 。Accountants playakey part in keepingthe integrity and credibility of their clients。Accountant must benot only competent at his joblikeevery other worker, but he must hold the knowledge and experience to keephis professionalism,evenat the mostdifficulttimes.Keepin gyour clientsintegrity means that you have tocommunicatedeeply toavoid allproblems,andmakesure thateveryone knowswhat isgoing on with theirown finance s.Sometimes people forget that confidentialityis the strengthof any professionalaccountant,and itcan be hard. Youmustkeepyour clientsinformation completelyconfidential unless the other party has a legalright to vi ewit.Itcanbeuncomfortableto face that sort of press ure.Over the years therehave been severallarge accounting scandalsin theUnited States, andin the world at large, which caused private investors and public shareholders tolose billions of dollars,andgiant businesses and accountingfirms to fold,because of falsifiedor incorrect information given outabout thecompanies in which the money was invested。The Enronscandal isperhapsthe most recent and glaring example of unethical accounting causingwidespread negative effects,including the loss of$25 billion in shareholder assets,the closure of theArthur Anderson auditingfirm, and thesubsequent loss of 85000 jobs when the unethical practices were reported and the company dissolved.

I do not thinkIam going to face anyethical issues? You might think.I knowwhat I would do if Iwere facedwith

a hardchoice。Think again,because asan accountant, youaregoing to face countless issues thatrequireyou to be clearheaded andofsoundjudgment。Morepeople then you think attempt totake the unethical route, and lie totheircompany。For example,going through the records of your firm,airmax 90,you stumble on ahuge discovery ,a coworker is withholding money fromthefirm,andhas been for awhile。How do youapproach thissituation?The most likely solution is to follow your own firms policy toresolve the issue. Every firm hassome sort of ethical guidelines that sta te how to react and treat a situation like this.Mainta iningaprofessionaland ethical businesspractice shouldbe the firms main priority。If for some reason yourfirm does not have apolicy thatdictates howyou should treat th is situation,yourresponsibility istogoto yourmanager. If you feelthat he is also partof theissue,t hen you needto go to the next level ofmanagement.

When trying towork with these ethical issuesand resolve them, you as anaccountantand an employee ofa firm must understandyour businesses strategies,and motivations.If youare worriedthatyouyourself may beat risk for some sortofethicaldilemma,then the bestoption is to callyour personal attorney。Hecan assistyou in lookingat youroptions,and withyour best interest guide youtowards a good result。If youfeel that youcannot workwith yourfirmanymore due to ethical conflicts, do not feelbad giving notice forthat reason and leaving.I fthe situationispressing,orif theconcerns are h igh enough,this is a very valid response。Remember that it i

syour duty as an accountant towithhold theintegrity ofnotonly yourclients businesspractices,butyour ow n.Many people are not as morally sound as idealists would li keto believe,and where money is concerned, there will always be someone trying to outsmart you。

Ethicalaccounting isnotonlyimportant toprivate businesses or individuals forreliable informationabout theirrespective financial states,but has a responsibilityto the public to providetransparentevaluations of publicly heldbusiness entities。Ethical accounting can help eliminate the serious problems raisedwhen incomplete orincorrec tinformation about business or individual is disseminated,saving moneyandjobs and helping to increase stability in financial markets,

With the intensity of anti-corruption work constantly increasing,as accounting staffs who workon the economicfront,whose professional ethics building has also been referre d to the schedule of anti-corruption work.Analyzing from the occurrence process of a number of corruption cases,not strict or directly involved in committing crime are the directly or indirectlyreasons to cause some cases occurred。S o it is very important to strengthen the construction of accounti ng professional ethics and improve the political and professi onal qualities of accounting staffs。

Underthe influence of the financialcrisis,thecoun try’s political and economic environmentare increasingly compl ex,managementrisk,market risk,increasing the riskof accounting. The accountant must always haveto have to

be verycareful in the sense of urgency,furtherimprovet

he professional quality,to further strengthen the accounting occu pationmorals construction. Therefore wemust establishand improve relevant laws and regulations,audit ofaccounting.Strengthening the auditorganization andthe supervision of public opinion,to strengthen the accountantoccupationmorals educationandcontinuinge

ducation,and make itinstitutionalization,standar dization,and establishand perfectthe accountingpe rsonnelselection and incentive and restraint mechanisms, to create a goodenvironment of accounting.

译文

金融危机的到来已成为不争的事实,会计职业道德受到了严重的冲击,会计诚信岌岌可危。会计人员在国家、社会利益与单位利益、个人利益发生冲突时,经不起利益的诱惑参与伪造、变更会计资料或串通舞弊,丧失了基本的法制观念,为满足一己私欲而做出了非道德行为,这些都严重影响了会计职业和会计信息的可信度。因此必须进一步加强会计的职业道德建设,建立健全会计、审计相关的法律法规,强化审计机构和社会舆论的监督,加强会计从业人员的职业道德教育和继续教育.

金融危机又称金融风暴,是指一个国家或几个国家与地区的全部或大部分金融指标,急剧、短暂和超周期恶化。而会计职业道德是指会计职业活动中应当遵循的,体现会计职业特征的职业行为准则和规范.金融危机就似催化剂,使已面临严重挑战的会计职业道德面临崩溃底线,特别是我国中小企业面临贸易量急剧下降和资金短缺的双重压力,严重影响到了中小企业的生存发展环境。金融危机爆发这一诱因,导致企业市场风险增大,供需矛盾益发突出,引起市场萎缩资金流动不畅,出现入不敷出的现象严重;与此同时,银行加强了对企业贷款的回收力度,使得企业筹集资金渠道受到影响,最终造成企业经济效益低下。企业资产的严重缩水,那么必在财务报表中就会掩盖一些实质性的亏损,尤其是上市公司

更是无所不用其极的进行会计造假。会计信息失真已经成为一个普遍现象,使得会计诚信体系受到质疑,投资者失去信心,重新思考会计职业道德建设问题已是刻不容缓。而会计职业道德的持续恶化也加剧了金融危机的爆发。

什么是会计的道德?会计道德思想涉及道德和价值观为基础的判断和决策会计或会计机构的日常实践。由于其工作性质是作为传播者的财务信息,企业管理者,股东和一般公众,及会计和审计的实体企业,会计和会计机构做出了最高标准的透明度来进行道德方面的研究并传递信息.会计可被用来作为一种研究以及评判企业成功或失败的标准,但它首先是一个公共服务;这些在实践中必须作出判断和决定,有时可以代替客户利益服从于公共利益。

不适用会计的道德标准创造了很多机会,操纵事实和信息,如果用来误导,可能导致投资人蒙混过关,或商业欺诈及其股东代表其财务。这是最重要的,公众能够信任会计师,因为其未来的财务状况以及他们的家庭或企业,可能会受到威胁。

作为一个会计师,要面对许多道德问题。决定人的商业实践活动和行为是否道德是相当困难的,但保持道德标准是工作的一个重要组成部分。很多人在会计和银行业往往很难承认一个严重的道德问题。这不是说他们是不道德的人,但他们往往只知道一个道德问题是介绍自己。几乎所有会计师做的工作都会碰到有关道德方面的事情。

为什么会计师及会计师事务所的道德是非常重要的呢?

会计师在每个公司及客户的生活中持有一个非常重要的作用.会计师发挥了关键作用,保持会计的完整性和维护客户的信誉。会计师不仅要能胜任自己的工作,还必须持加强专业知识和经验的积累,即使在最困难的时候也要持有敬业精神。保持会计师客户信息的完整性就意味着会计师必须避免深入交流沟通,以避免所有问题,并确保每个客户都知道自己的财务状况。有时人们忘记,会计师面临着最艰巨的保密任务。会计师必须保证自己客户信息完全保密,除非另一方当事人有合法权查看它,否则可以不面对这种压力。多年来在美国乃至全世界有一些大公司会计丑闻层出不穷,造成私人投资者和社会公众股东损失惨重.这是因为大企业的会计事务所伪造或不正确的信息造成的。安然丑闻就是最近最明显的例子,会计的不道德造成了广泛的负面影响,包括损失了250亿美元。关闭阿瑟

安德森审计事务所,造成随后损失了85000个工作时。不道德的会计报告会致使公司解散。

会计师不认为自己会面对任何道德问题吗?你可能会想,作为会计师的我知道自己会做什么,如果面对一个艰难的选择会好好的思考。因为作为一个会计师,要面对无数的问题,需要自己清醒的头脑和良好的判断。但是越来越多的会计师在公司采取了不道德的做法。例如,通过记录你的公司,AIRMAX 90纪录的时侯,你偶然发现了一个巨大情况,你的同事已经有一段时间做假账赚公司的钱。你会如何处理这个情况?最有可能的解决方案是按照自己公司的政策来解决问题。国家在如何应对和处理这种情况时要求每个企业都有某种形式的道德准则。保持专业和商业道德的做法应该是公司的优先考虑.如果由于某种原因,你的公司没有相应的政策决定你应该如何对待这种情况,你的责任是去找你的经理.如果你觉得他也是发生问题的一部分,那么你需要去找更高一级的领导。

当面对这些伦理问题并想解决这些问题时,作为一个会计人员或者公司一员必须了解自己公司的战略和动机.如果担心自己可能会陷入道德的困境,那么最好的选择就是给你的私人律师打电话。他可以帮助你做出正确的选择,并为你赢取最佳的利益,引导你走向一个好的结果。如果你觉得你不能与你的公司解决有关道德的冲突,不要觉得不好,可以直接给予通知并离开。如果形势紧迫,或者问题有足够高的关注,这是一个非常有效的反应。请记住,这是你的责任。作为一个会计师要诚信不仅是对自己客户的责任,也是自己的道德取向。很多人道德高尚的理想主义者认为在和钱有关的问题上,总是会有人试图智取你。

会计道德不仅是向私人企业或个人提供可靠的重要的信息财务状况,也有责任向公众提供透明公开的商业实体的评价。道德会计可以帮助消除传播有关企业或个人的信息部完整或不正确时引发的严重的问题,节省了资金和就业机会,并有助于保持金融市场的稳定性。

随着反腐败工作力度的不断加大,在经济战线前沿工作的财务会计人员的职业道德建设也被提到了反腐工作的日程上来,从许多腐败案件的发生过程来分析,会计人员把关不严或直接参与作案是造成某些案件发生的直接或间接原因。因此,加强会计职业道德建设,提高会计人员政治素质、业务素质尤其重要。

在金融危机的影响下,国家的政治经济环境都日趋复杂化,经营风险,市场

风险,会计风险越来越大。会计人员必须时刻都要有如履薄冰的紧迫感,更深层次的提高专业素质,进一步加强会计的职业道德建设。因此必须建立健全会计、审计相关的法律法规。强化审计机构和社会舆论的监督,加强会计从业人员的职业道德教育和继续教育,并使其制度化、规范化,同时可以建立和健全会计从业人员的选拔和激励约束机制,创造良好的会计环境。

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