文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 引导名词性从句的关联词

引导名词性从句的关联词

引导名词性从句的关联词
引导名词性从句的关联词

引导名词性从句的关联词

在传统的语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。本书根据最新资料不再作此分类,通称关系代词和关系副词。

引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是:连词:that, whether, if;关系代词:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关系副词:when, where, how, why,however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表:类别词义在从句中的作用

that 无任何词义仅起连接作用,在从句

中不充当任何句子成分

if和whether 意为“是否”,表

明从句意义的

不确定性起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分

关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自自身的

意义

起连接作用,并在从句

中充当主、表、宾、定

语等

关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever 有各自自身的

意义

起连接作用,并在从句

中充当状语

1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别

连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义;或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。

It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。(that在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分)

What caused the accidentis still a complete mystery. 事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。(What 在从句中作主语)

2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。

that与whether都是连词,引导名词性从句时,在句中只起连接作用,都不担任句子成分,使用时有下列区别:

(1)动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时,肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句;否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。

I don’t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。(此处不用whether)

Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗?(此处不用whether)

I doubt whetherit is true.我怀疑那不是真的。

比较:doubt表示“不信”解时,表示强烈的不相信时,在陈述句中可接that从句。

I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他会留在那里。

(2)that本身无意义,有时可以省略;whether本身有意义,在句中均不可省略。

He said (that) he was from New York.他说他是从纽约来的。(that无意义,可以省略)Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。(whether 有意义,不可以省略)

(3)如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时,只能用whether(or not),不可用that。

I wonder whether he knew the manager(or not).我不知道他是否认识经理。(不能用that)

I am not surewhether he will come.他来不来我没把握。(不能用that)

(4)whether引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语;that引导的从句只能作except, but, besides 的介词宾语。

I have no interest in whether he will come.我对他来与否不感兴趣。(不能用that)

He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes.他是个好孩子,只是有时有点粗心。

3、whether和if的区别

(1)whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句,而if不能。

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll lend him the money.我还没决定是否把钱借给她。(不能用if)

They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。(不能用if)(2)whether可以应到所有的名词性从句,而if只能引导宾语从句;在引起主语从句时,特别是主语从句在句首时,不能用if,除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。

Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijingis not known yet. 2000年奥运会是否在北京举行还不知道。(不能用if)

Whether we'll go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是这值不值得做。我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。(不能用if)

The question whether we need it has not been decided.我们需不需要它还没定。(不能用if)(3)whether后可以直接跟or not或or no,构成whether or not或whether or no,if则不能。但可以说whether/if… or not, whether/if… or。

I don't know whether or not he'll come. 我不知道他是否会来。(不能用if)

He will leave for Paris tomorrow, whether or no.他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了。(不能用if)I don’t care whether/ if you come or not.我不关心你来与否。

(4)if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语,whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。

I don't careif you won't come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。

He does n’t care if you don’t pay the money.你付不付钱他不在乎。

(5)whether …or可以引导让步状语从句,or不可省略;if可以引导条件状语从句。Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪,我都骑车去。

If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果给他更多的时间,他会做得更好。

(6)whether可以和不定式连用,而if不能。

He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。

They haven’t decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。

(7)whether和if引导的宾语从句,可以用肯定,也可以用否定,但含义不同。

He asked whether she could help.他问她是否能帮忙。(表示疑问,可加or not)

He asked whether she couldn’t help.他认为她能帮忙。(表示否定,不可加or not)

巧记whether与if异同

“whether”与“if”都可表“是否”,是常考内容。下面的顺口溜可帮你记住其异同。

主从表从同位从,if不用whether用;

discuss和介词后,whether引宾从;

不定式、or not后面跟,whether独能显神通;

宾从如是否定句,if发挥其功用;

避免歧义要慎重,其它情况可换用。

4、关系代词与关系副词引起的名词性从句的应当注意的问题

(1)wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句:whatever = anything that,whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指;而what,which,who,when,where,how等词都有时含有疑问意义,表示特指。

A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do. 计算机只能按人们的指令去做事。(特

指)

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 普遍认为,孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。(泛指)

It was a matter of who would take the position. 问题是谁担当这个职位。(特指)

Whoever has helped to save the drowning girlis worth praising.不论谁救了这个溺水孩子都值得表扬。(泛指)

(2)介词后的who/whom,whoever/whomever的选择问题,则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定,如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoever。

Give them to whoever is likely to be interested.把他们送给感兴趣的人。(不能用whomever)Whodo you think is the best student?你认为谁是最好的学生。(不能用whom)

Sarah hopes to become a friend ofwhoever shares her interests.塞拉希望成为和她能同甘共苦的人的朋友。

(3)正确使用who/ whoever,what/whatever,how/however,where/wherever,when/whenever,which/whichever,who,what,where,when,how,which一要分析句子结构,看其在从句中作何成分,二是理清其在句中的含义。

---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. 我上周开车去参加珠海的空展了。

---Is thatwhy you had a few days off? (表原因)这就是你请了几天假的原因吗?

I remember when this used to be a quiet place.我记忆中这里曾经是一个安静的地方。(表时间)

4、but, but that 和but what

(1)用于no doubt和not deny之后相当于that。

There can be no doubt but that it is the best choice.这无疑是最好的选择。

I can’t deny but what it is an urgent matter.我不否认这是一件紧迫的事。

(2)用于特殊疑问句中或否定词后,相当于that…not。

Who knows but that it may be true?

=Who knows that it may not be true?谁知道这是不是真的?

I can hardly believe but that the answer is right.

= I can hardly believe that the answer is not right.我简直不相信这答案是正确的。

(3)but that 可以引导条件状语从句,这时,but that 表示“若不是”,相当于if从句,主句常用虚拟语气。

He would have helped youbut that he was short of money at the time.如果不是当时没有钱的话,他会帮你的。

He would have said no but that he was afraid.若不是害怕的话,他会拒绝的。

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 2.关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 (1)which与as都可以引导非限制性定语从句,which引导定语从句要置于先行词后面,而as引导的定语从句位置相对灵活,可放在句首,也可以放在句后 eg.正像他所意识到的那样,我对他非常有用 As he realized, I was very useful to him. 空气,众所周知,是一种气体 Air, as we know, is a gas. 他是个外国人,正像我从他口音判断的那样。 He was a foreigner, as I know form his accent. 他又来晚了,这一点使老板很生气 He came late again, which made his boss angry. (2)当定语从句位于主句后面,纯粹表示主句所述的内容,往往用which;当定语从句中有“如同……那样”的含义时,用as比用which更常见。 Eg.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待,让我无法忍受 Mummy always treats me just like a baby, which I can’t bear. 事与愿违,这是常有的事 Things will turn out contrary to on e’s wishes, as is often the case. (3)“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句,必须用which,不能用as. Eg.我们周围有很多氧气,没有他们我们无法生存 There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without which we could not live. 3.引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别 定语从句前面有such, as, the same 时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which. Eg 所需要的字典有许多都有了

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词。 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注:有时point也可以是具体的地点: Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下,mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为,舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险,那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job

what引导名词性从句五种用法

what引导名词性从句的五种用法 一、用法归纳 1. 表示“……的东西或事情”: They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少,积蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。 2. 表示“……的人或的样子”: He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。 He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的? 3. 表示“……的数量或数目”: Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 4. 表示“……的时间”: After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话,在那儿站了几个小时。 5. 表示“……的地方”: This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 二、用法说明 (1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”,所以其前不能有先行词: 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。 正:You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like. 误:You can have everything what you like. (2) 有时what 可用作限定词,其后修饰一个名词: I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。 He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。 (3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词: 误:I gave him what book I had.

as引导定语从句的用法

as引导定语从句的用法 as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. ================================ As 的用法例 1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语; 例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which”特殊定语从句的先行成分 1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如: My grandmother’s house was a lways of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。 3. 句子作先行成分。 这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质的名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2. 动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。

where引导定语从句的用法

Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表 示地点 1、We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly、A、which B、as C、why D、where 2、He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car、 A、which B、as C、why D、where 两道题都选where ,但就是case, situation都不就是地点,如何理解? 在“先行词不就是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断就是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题就是一个高频考点。就就是说,关系副词where 所指代的先行词不只就是表示地点的名词。

用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where 引导定语从句时,它的先行词就就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不就是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请瞧以下几个例句: Other research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often show great affection for their youngest daughters、 1、Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other、请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。

名词性从句的引导词有哪些用法怎样

名词性从句的引导词引导词是否在名词性从句中充当 成分的情况 连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose 连接副词:when, where, why, how what, which 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;who 在从句中作主语、表语;whom 在从句中作宾语;whose 在从句中作定语;when, where, why, how 在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语连词that 否 连词whether, if 否 名词性从句的引导词在高考中的基本用法详见下面的 总结: 1.引导特殊疑问句的疑问词在转为引导名词性从句时, 即成为连接代词(主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose)或者连接副词(主要包括when, where, why, how).注意体会如下例句:Choose which you like best. 选你最喜欢的.// Who has taken away my bag is unknown. 谁拿走了我的包还不知道.// Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁做候选人了?// He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go

home. 他问什么时候可以允许

吉尔伯特先生回家.// Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我们在哪儿可以查到他的地址还是个难题.// Why he did that wasn't quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚.// How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他们将怎样解决这个严重问题还没有决定. 以下两种特殊情况要给予特别关注: (1) what 作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个 问“什么……?”的问题, 也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思, 这种特殊用法在语法上被称作“关系代词型的what”, 注意体会如下例句:He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了.// This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方.// What (=the place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 现在的北部撒哈拉沙漠曾是一个文明世界.// Our income is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍.// The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning. 花朵(现在的)颜色与它早上的颜色不同. (2) 带'ever 后缀的疑问词除引导让步状语从句之外, 还 可以引导名词性从句(“no matter+疑问词”的结构只能引导让步状语从句, 不可以引导名词性从句), 注意体会以下例

(完整版)从句连接词判断方法

从句就相当于一个形容词, 而且从句前面一定有一个先行词, 从句必有缺少的成分(主语,宾语,状语)。 如果先行词在从句做主语,则用which / that / who(人) 如果先行词在从句做宾语,则用which/ that/ who(人) /whom(人)或者不填引导词 如果先行词在从句做状语,时间用when,地点用where。 定语从句及相关术语: 1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注:关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。 4.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。 先行词:被限制或修饰的主句的主语。 (一)限定性定语从句 一、关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语) 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:this is the book (which)you want。]而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等,这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 二、关系副词(在句中作状语) 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

限制性非限制性定语从句详解+练习(附答案)

定语从句 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起 定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一.词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1:This is the detective who came from London. 例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2.关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如: All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例 如: (3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不 能省略。例如:

非限制性定语从句的引导词

、先行词指人,在句中作主语who: John,who is only five,has an inborn talent for music. (约翰是一外5岁大的孩子,有着天生的音乐才能。) 2、先行词指人,在句中作宾语whom: His wife,whom you met at my home,was a teacher. (他的妻子,就是你在我家遇见的那个,是一位老师。) 3、先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语which: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立,它是一百多年前建造的。) 注意:无论先行词指人或者指物,在句中作主语或者作宾语,非限制性定语从句的引导词都不能用that。 4、先行词在句中作定语,无论指人或者指物,引导词都用whose: The girl,whose name is Kate,is the top of the students in our school.(那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生,她的名字叫Kate。) The book,whose cover is red,is mine.(封面是红色的那本书是我的。) 5、先行词指物,在句中作时间状语用when: The sports meeting will be put off till next month,when we will have made all the preparations.(运动会将被推迟到下个月,那时我们做好一切准备。) 6、The next day we arrived in New York,where we were inerviewed on the radio.(第二天我们到达纽约,在那里我们接受了电台的采访。) 7、如果先行词作介词的宾语,先行词指人,介词提前的结构是:介词+whom;先行词指物,介词提前的结构是:介词+which: President Wilson,with whom he had not the same intimate relations,is treated much less sympathetically.(威尔逊总统与他没有同样的亲密关系,所以就没有被很同情地对待。) The Second World War,in which millions of people were killed,ended in 1945.(第二次世界大战造成数百万人的死亡,于1945年结束。) 8、as也可以引导定语从句,常与such连用: Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.(象你所描绘的那种人现在已经很少见了。) Let's disscuss only such questions as concern us.(让我们只讨论那些和我们有关的问题吧。) 注意:the same that+从句,意思是:正是那一个人或物;the same as+从句,意思是:就像某个人或物: He is the same man that you are looking for.(他就是你要找的那个人。) He is the same man as you met in the street.(他很象你昨天在街上遇见的那个人。实际上并不是那个人。) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔。) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这很像昨天我丢失的那支笔。)

名词性从句----绝对经典系列

名词性从句Noun Clauses 一.基础定义和连接词 1. 名词性从句:就是在句子中起名词作用的从句。 2. 名词性从句包括4种从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。 [判断]以下从句类型: 1) The truth is that I have been there.( ) 2) The fact that she was late surprised us.( ) 3) That he will come is certa in.( ) 4) I know that he will come.( ) 3. 名词性从句的连接词有: 从属连词(不做成分):that (无意义)‘whether, if(是否)…. 连接代词(在从句中做主,宾,表,定):what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever 连接副词(在从句中做状语):whe n, where, how , why 二.名词性从句位置和特点主语从句:1.可直接放在句首。 2. 主语较长时通常用It作形式主语,而将主语从句放在后面。 1) . ___ he knows Japaneses known to all. 2) . _____ surprised me was to see him here . 3) ________ he is comingdoesn' t matter much. 4) It remains a secret _____ they climbed up the mountain. 宾语从句:可做动词,介词和部分(表情感态度的)形容词词的宾语。 I want to know whe n we will start. Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh time. I ' imfraid (that) I have made a mistake. 注意:如果宾语从句后面有宾补要使用it作形式宾语而将从句放到宾补后面。 常见的可以接it形式宾语的动词有:make, think, find, feel, consider等 He made it clear that he was determined to resign . I thought it strange that he didn ' t call me. 表语从句: 1. 位于系动词动词之后。常见此类系动词有be, look , seem,即pear等 It seems that she has known the truth. It looks as if it is going to rain. This school is no Ion ger what it was before. 2. 主语是reason时,表语从句常用that引导,不用because引导。

which引导的定语从句的用法

which引导的定语从句的用法 WHICH可以引导定语从句,修饰表示事物的先行词,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。例如:HEWASREADINGABOOK, WHICHWASABOUTWAR.他正在读一本关于战争的书。(关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当主语。) HEWASREADINGABOOK,WHICHHEHADBOUGHTFROMLONDON.他正在读一本书,这本书是从伦敦买回来的。(关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当宾语。) WHICH引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法,即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句(这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解),WHICH仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如:HESETFREETHEBIRDSHAPPILY, WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS.他开心地把鸟放了,这是对他成功的一种庆祝。 把非限定性定语从句“WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”的先行词视为主句中的“THEBIRDS”显然不符合整句的语境,被 “WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”所修饰的是整个主句,WHICH所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明,WHICH常可译为“这一点,这件事”。 [考题1] YOUCANFINDWHATEVERYOUNEEDATTHESHOPPINGCENTRE, ____ISALWAYSBUSYATTHEWEEKEND.(2006上海春) A.THAT B.WHERE C.WHAT D.WHICH [答案]D

引导名词性从句的连接词

一、引导名词性从句的连接词 分类 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连词(5个):that(无意义,不可省,不充当任何成分) whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性) as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”) 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 不可省略的连词: 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较 whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下,只可用whether: 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有"or not" 5. 引导同位语从句 Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 二. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下: (1) It + be + 名词 + that从句 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句 (3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:

状语从句-连接词-汇总

1.时间状语从句连接词 17种 96题 横线前有didn’t,don’t 选until 06湖南省长沙25. --When did your father come back last night? --He didn't come back _______ he finished all the work. A. until B. while C. if 06湖北省孝感市30 .It’s 10 o’clock now. I must go. ---It’s raining outside. Don't leave _____ it stops. A. when B. since C. while D. until 06重庆市29 . My grandma didn’t go to s leep ______ I got back home. A. where B. until C. as soon as D. while 06山东省潍坊市31 . you told me, I heard nothing of what happened. A.Until B.After C.If D.Since 06青海省23 . The lazy boy _______ get to school _______ ten o'clock yesterday morning. A. could, until B. did, when C. didn't, until 06江苏南通14 . I won’t leave my office until my work _____. A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished 07安徽1 . – Look! Here comes our school bus. -- No hurry. Don’t get on it ______it has stopped. A. until B. after C. since D. when 07成都5 . The kids didn’t start to fly kites in the playground the rain stopped. A.if B.until C.whenever 07福州7. --Hurry up. The bus is coming. --Oh, no. We mustn't cross the street______the traffic lights are green. A.after B.since C.while D.until

介词引导的定语从句 -答案

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式,这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词,要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。一.介词选择的主要标准 1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配 Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。( to a degree ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。( in the play ) The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认,并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配 Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁?( shake hands with sb. ) Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月,东南亚的部分地区发生洪水,人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。(suffer from sth. ) 3.介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配 Ours is a beautiful country , of which we are greatly proud . 我们的国家是一个美丽的国家,我们为之感到很自豪。( be proud of ) The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress. 同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女人是一位演员。( be married to ) The woman to whom he was engaged was a doctor. 他与之订婚的那个女士是位医生。(be engaged to ) 4.有时关系代词前用什么介词,要根据句子的意思来决定,此时不但要注意其前的搭配,也要注意其后的搭配 I was a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was , she had ran back in the direction from which she had come.看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来,我还没来得及认清她是谁,她已经从她来的方向跑回去了。(如果仅注意先行词,很容易受习惯心里的影响而使用in this direction 的搭配,但考虑到语境后的come ,则应该使用from。) He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. 他在当地一所高中上学,之后他上了北京大学。(after which 的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”)。 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm. by which time many have got home.在 办公室我好像总是没时间,只有等到下午五点半,而那个时候大家都已经回家了。(此句不能受at 5:30 pm 的通常表达的影响而选用介词at, 而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。)5.表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时,用介词of The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9个月,其中航行的时间是226天。 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋,其中的(指50万双鞋)80%销往海外。 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of whom

英语中从句的连接词辨析

简单地说,英语复合句所涉及的三大从句为:名词性从句(包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句),形容词性从句(即定语从句),副词性从句(即状语从句)。 1. 引导名词性从句通常有三类词:一类是连接词that, whether, if;另一类是连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 以及whoever, whomever, whoseever, whatever,whichever;还有一类是连接副词how, when, where, why。 2. 引导形容词性从句(即定语从句)通常有两类词:一类是关系代词that, which, who, whom, as, whose等;另一类是关系副词where, when, why。 3. 引导副词性从句(即状语从句)的叫从属连词。不同作用的状语从句通常由不同的从属连词来引导。如: (1) 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, until, till, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once等。 (2) 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。 (3) 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。 (4) 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。 (5) 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。 (6) 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。 (7) 引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有as, like, as if, as though, the way等。 (8) 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where, wherever, everywhere等。 (9) 引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要有than和as…as。

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档