2016年高考英语复习题：课时21 阅读理解文体技法4

课时21阅读理解文体技法4——科普知识类

Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练

【精要提示】科技篇章结构比较清楚，层次分明，语句段落逻辑关联强而且明确，限定性修饰比较多。

对科技篇章，我们首先应该理解篇章的语词、语句，有些语词，特别是一些科技专业术语，可能涉及我们对篇章的关键内容的理解。科技篇章中的语词、语句理解是科技篇章理解的重要因素，有时甚至是关键因素。

科技篇章的推论理解要素大多不太直接，我们可以从科技篇章中推论出：作者对科学精神和科学技术的作用功能的肯定赞同(偶尔会有反科学的所谓科技文章，但很少，学生几乎不可能在阅读英语材料时阅读到)，作者对某一/某些科学观点/科学方法的肯定赞同支持，作者对科学家的肯定支持，作者对科学实验结论/结果的肯定支持等。

【高考经典练】

(2014·北京卷)

Store Scent(香味)

What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop？The products displayed (展示) at the entrance？Or the soft background music?

But have you ever noticed the smell？Unless it is bad，the answer

is likely to be no.But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds，it is certainly there.And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.

A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance，via scent machines.A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores，customers' intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.

When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris，scent is just as important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale.That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.

Some years ago，the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving attitude and don't－touch－what －you－can't－afford displays.Now the rise of electronic commerce (e－commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience.But while e －shops can use sights and sounds，only bricks－and－mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop，but rather a destination．And scent is just one way to achieve this.

Now，a famous store uses complex man－made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department，and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section.A department store has even opened a new lab，inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books，pots and drawers，in search of their perfect scent.

1．According to the passage，what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores?

A．Friendly assistants.

B．Unique scents.

C．Soft background music.

D．Attractive window displays.

2．E－shops are mentioned in the passage to ．

A．show the advantages of bricks－and－mortar stores

B．urge shop assistants to change their attitude

C．push stores to use sights and sounds

D．introduce the rise of e－commerce

3．The underlined word“destination”in Paragraph 5 means ．A．a platform that exhibits goods

B．a spot where travelers like to stay

C．a place where customers love to go

D．a target that a store expects to meet

4．The main purpose of the passage is to ．

A．compare and evaluate B．examine and assess

C．argue and discuss D．inform and explain

Ⅱ.能力提升练

A

(2015·常州二模)Last summer，two nineteenth－century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana，to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco.The houses were made of wood.These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers.

The cottages could be an example of the industry's odd love affair with “low technology”，a concept associated with the natural world，and with old－school craftsmanship(手艺) that exists long before the Internet era.Low technology is not virtual (虚拟的)—so，to take advantage of it，Internet companies have had to get creative.The rescued wood cottages，fitted by hand in the late eighteen－hundreds，are an obvious example，but Twitter' s designs lie on the extreme end.Other companies are using a broader interpretation (阐释) of low technology that focuses on nature.

Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees，so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural，park－like setting”．At Google's office，an entire floor is carpeted in

glass.Facebook' s second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail.

Olle Lundberg，the founder of Lundberg Design，has worked with many tech companies over the years.“We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives，and our tech engineers are the ones who feel impoverished (贫乏的)，because they're surrounded by the digital world，” he says.“They' re looking for a way to regain their individual identity，and we've found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that.”

This craft based theory is rooted in history，William Morris，the English artist and writer，turned back to pre－industrial arts in the eighteen－sixties，just after the Industrial Revolution.The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines.“Without creative human occupation，people became disconnected from life，”Morris said.Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢复) our mental capacities.In Japan，patients are encouraged to “forest－bathe”，taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.

These health benefits apply to the workplace as well.Rachel Kaplvin，a professor of environmental psychology，has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environment.Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more

satisfying.If low－tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then，fine，bring on the cottages.

1．The writer mentions the two nineteenth－century cottages to show that ．

A．Twitter is having a hard time

B．old cottages are in need of protection

C．early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana D．Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology 2．Low technology is regarded as something that ．

A．is related to nature

B．is out of date today

C．consumes too much energy

D．exists in the virtual world

3．The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings ．A．have destroyed many pre－industrial arts

B．have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts

C．can become intelligent by learning history

D．can regain their individual identity by using machines

4．The writer's attitude to “low technology” can best be described as ．

A．positive B．defensive

C．cautious D．doubtful

B

Many people focus on physical fitness，but few know that brain fitness is also something you can work on.In fact，you can exercise your brain as often as you work out your arms or abs—and the results can be positive and empowering.It's helpful to think of your brain as you work out a muscle.To improve your brain，you can't simply repeat the same exercises over and over.Just as lifting a two pound weight will no longer challenge you，so will repetitive exercises such as crosswords or Sudoku.Once you master easy exercises，you must move on to harder ones in order to push your brain—like your muscles—to a new level.

Scientists once believed that your mental abilities were fixed in adulthood.Now that studies on neuroplasticity have shown just the opposite，millions of people around the world have adopted the new practice of brain training.

The most popular of these brain training products is made by the San Francisco－based Lumosity，which employs a team of in－house neuroscientists with degrees from Stanford and UC Berkeley.Realizing that brains need more sophisticated programs and guidance to grow and change，Lumosity's scientists work with an experienced team of game designers.Together they've developed a fun，effective online brain training program that measures，tracks，and

adapts to your progress so you'll always be challenged.Lumosity's training system and 40 ＋games are based on well－studied tests used in clinical neuropsychology research.

In a 2013 Stanford study，a treatment group of 21 breast cancer survivors used 12 weeks of Lumosity training to work on processing speed，mental flexibility，and working memory tasks.On average，those who trained improved on tests of these abilities，compared to a group that did not train with Lumosity.There is even some first－round evidence suggesting that Lumosity may be beneficial to normal，healthy adults.In a 2011 study by Lumosity and San Francisco State University researchers，13 people who did Lumosity training over 5 weeks improved on tests of brain performance compared to a group that did not train.On average，those who trained improved working memory scores by 10% and attention scores by 20%.

Training can take just a few minutes a day，but the rewards can make a difference in many aspects of life.The goal of brain training is not to improve game scores: it's to improve the underlying core abilities that those games rely on.Lumosity is one of the first and most popular brain training programs in existence.There's a small fee to use the full product，or new users can start a free trial.

5．What is the best title for the passage?

A．Brain training—can make a difference

B．Brain training—a new science

C．Brain training can keep you fit

D．Brain training—an open online course

6．According to the passage，what is Lumosity?

A．It is a team of in－house neuroscientists.

B．It is a team of experienced game designers.

C．It is an online brain training program.

D．It is clinical brain training research.

7．In Paragraph 4，the writer gives so many figures to ．A．explain the cause of Lumosity

B．clarify the principle of Lumosity

C．confirm the process of Lumosity

D．show the effect of Lumosity

8．It seems to us that the passage is exactly ．

A．an ad B．a survey

C．a questionnaire D．a quiz

C

Which is sillier: denying we ever went to the moon or trying to convince the true nonbelievers?

Once upon a time—July 20，1969，to be specific—two men got out of their little spaceship and wandered around on the moon for a while.Ten more men walked on the moon over the next three and a half

Unfortunately，not quite.A fair number of Americans think that this whole business of moon landings really is a fairy tale.They believe that the landings were a big hoax (骗局) staged in the Mojave Desert，to convince everyone that U．S.technology was the “bestest” in the whole wide world.

Which is the harder thing to do：Send men to the moon or make believe we did? The fact is the physics behind sending people to the moon is simple.You can do it with computers whose entire memory capacities can now fit on chips the size of postage stamps and that cost about as much as，well，a postage stamp.I know you can because we did.

However，last fall NASA considered spending $15，000 on a public－relations campaign to convince the unimpressed that Americans had in fact gone to the moon.That idea was mostly a reaction to a Fox television program，first aired in February 2001，that claimed to expose the hoax.The show' s creator is a publicity hound (猎狗) who has lived up to the name in more ways than one by hounding Buzz Aldrin，the second man on the moon.Mr.X (as I will call him，thereby denying him the joyous sight of his name in print) recently followed Buzz Aldrin around and called him “a thief，liar and coward”until the 72－year－old astronaut finally lost his temper and hit the 37－year－old Mr.X in the

Anyway，NASA' s publicity campaign began to slow down.The nonbelievers took the campaign as NASA' s effort to hide something while the believers said that $15，000 to convince people that the world was round—I mean，that we had gone to the moon—was simply a waste of money.(Actually，the $15，000 was supposed to pay for an article by James E．Oberg，an astronomy writer who，with Aldrin，has contributed to Scientific American.)

If NASA' s not paying Oberg，perhaps it could put the money to good use by hiring two big guys to drag Neil Armstrong out of the house.Armstrong is an extremely private man，but he is also the first man on the moon，so maybe he has a duty to be a bit more outspoken about the experience.Or NASA could just buy Aldrin a commemorate plaque (纪念匾) for his recent touch on the face of Mr.X.

9．We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that some Americans believe ．

A．moon landings were invented

B．U.S.technology was the best

C．moon landing ended successfully

D．the Mojave Desert was the launching base

10．According to the writer，which of the following is to blame for the story about the hoax?

A．NASA' s publicity campaign.

B．The Fox television program.

C．Buzz Aldrin.

D．James E．Oberg.

11．According to the writer，Mr.X ．

A．told a faithful story

B．was not treated properly

C．was a talented creator

D．had a bad reputation

12．The believers think that NASA' s publicity campaign is ．A．proof to hide the truth

B．stupid and unnecessary

C．needed to convince the non－believers

D．important to develop space technology

13．What is implied in the last paragraph?

A．NASA should not bother with the non－believers.

B．Armstrong was a very private and determined person. C．Armstrong should be as outspoken as Buzz Aldrin.

D．NASA should send more astronauts to outer space.

14．The tone of the article is ．

A．angry B．conversational

C．humorous D．matter－of－fact

课时21阅读理解文体技法(4)——科普知识类高考经典练

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。给读者介绍了味道在实体店销售过程中体现出越来越重要的作用，并且通过运动品商店和巴黎购物街的例子，来证明运用味道带来的改变和不同，然后对比网络商店，来说明实体店可以给购物者带来全方位的体验的优势，最后介绍了现在的一个著名的商店是如何运用味觉元素的。

1．B[细节理解题。根据第二自然段最后一句话And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.，向大家介绍了“味道”这个能够刺激购买的越来越强有力的重要工具，文中句子即可找到答案。]

2．A[推理判断题。根据文章第五段提及的．..e－shops can use sights and sounds.可知网店只能提供视觉和听觉的体验。only bricks－and－mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.而只有实体店从顾客踏入店门到离开的那一刻能为顾客提供全方位的体验，此句说明了实体店的优势。所以文章提到e－shop 的作用是显现实体店的优势。]

3．C[词义猜测题。答案能够从划线词汇的前后找到，Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop，but rather a destination，and scent is just one way to achieve this.这个商店所要的是一个不仅仅是商店的地方，而是一个目的地，而气味恰恰就是(让顾

客)到达这个地方的一个方法。A 选项说的是陈列货品的地方，这是商店的功能的一部分，所以不正确；B项是一个旅游者乐意去的景点，这和商店的功能不符合；D项是一个商店所期望达到的预期，但是没有点名预期是什么，最终的预期其实正是C项中一个大家都爱去的地方。]

4．D[推理判断题。文章开始部分向大家介绍了味道在实体店销售的过程中吸引顾客，从而使商店不断更加引人注目的重要性，接下来就通过举例运动品商店和巴黎最有名的购物街说明了味道的作用，一个是接下来就引入了“e－shop”来体现实体店中味道给购物者能带来全面的体验，最后以一个现在正在使用味道的有名的购物中心是如何应用味道来吸引消费者和促进销售的。可以看出整个的过程就是先告知结果，然后再解释论证的过程。A 对比，评估：文章提到了“e－shop”只是对比，来体现实体店的优势，但是没有评估过程。B 检测与评定：文章直接给了味道的作用日益明显，没有检测的过程；C 争论和探讨：文章没有争论，也没有探讨。]

能力提升练

【语篇解读】本文属科普类文章，介绍了“大自然能够促进人的创造力”这一理念，也就是在自然环境下工作的人们工作效率更高。所以世界上很多的大公司都积极创设自认的办公环境提高员工的创造力。

1．D[推理判断题。据文章第一段可知19世纪的两座小木屋

被运到了San Francisco，现在让工程师在里面工作。根据第二段The cottages could be an example of the industry's odd love affair with “low technology”，这里的low technology是指在工业化之前的技术。也就是说现代科技的大公司发现了他们需要低科技年代的自然环境来提高员工的创造力。所以才会有第一段的做法。故D正确。] 2．A[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying.工人们在自然状态下的办公室里工作会感觉压力更小，更加满意。再根据文章第三段第一句Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees，so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural，park－like setting.”可知这样做会让工人感觉是在自然环境下就像是在公园里工作一样。故Low technology被认为是与自然有关的，故A 正确。]

3．B[段落大意题。根据第一句This craft based theory is rooted in history，William Morris，the English artist and writer，turned back to pre－industrial arts in the eighteen－sixties，just after the Industrial Revolution得知英国的艺术家和作家William Morris认为工业基础理论是扎根于历史的，很多都可以追溯到18世纪60年代之后的工业革命之后的艺术理论。也就是告诉我们人类有重视艺术的传统的。故B项正确。]

4．A[推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知很多大公司都积

极创设一种自然的低技术的环境来提高员工的创造性。在根据倒数第二段第四句Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢复) our mental capacities.可知研究人们还认为自然的环境能够恢复员工的精神能力。这些都说明作者认为low technology是非常有好处的。也就是说作者对它的态度是积极的。故A正确。]

【语篇解读】许多人注意身体健康，但很少有人知道，大脑健康也可通过锻炼来提高。事实上，你可以像锻炼肌肉那样锻炼你的大脑。

5．A[主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段的首句即可判断出，A项最适合作本文的标题。]

6．C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Lumosity，which employs a team of in－house neuroscientists with degrees...work with an experienced team of game designers.Together they've developed a fun，effective online brain training program”可知，选项C正确。]

7．D[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“evidence suggesting that Lumosity may be beneficial to normal，healthy adults”可知，研究中的数据就是证据，答案应为D。]

8．A[文章出处题。根据文章最后两句尤其是“There's a small fee to use the full product，or new users can start a free trial”可知应选A。]

【语篇解读】美国当年的登月活动是否是一场精心策划的骗局？针对一些人的质疑，美国航空航天局开始了一场行动，旨在确

认事实。作者对此不屑一顾，认为是小题大做，毫无必要。

9．A[推理判断题。第二段提到自从那几个人登月后，再也没有了下文；第三段则直言有人认为这是一场大骗局。由此可推断一些美国人认为登月是捏造出来的。]

10．B[细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中的内容可知应该把骗局的故事归咎于这个电视节目。]

11．D[正误判断题。根据第五段中的“Buzz Aldrin，the second man on the noon”可知D项内容正确。]

12．B[推理判断题。倒数第二段的中间部分提到相信者认为航空航天局的这一行动与证明地球是圆的没有什么差别，是在浪费钱财，由此可推断他们认为这种做法愚蠢而且没有必要。] 13．A[推理判断题。最后一段的半部分提到美国航空航天局的这笔钱可以有更好的用途，让Neil Armstrong现身说法更有说服力，由此可推断美国航空航天局不应该为澄清怀疑者的言论而费尽周折。]

14．C[文章结构题。本文的写作笔调在最后一段体现得最为明显，结合本段中的动词drag以及最后一句的内容可知本文风格“幽默”。]

2016年上海高考英语真题

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语试卷 第 卷(共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing. 2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th. 3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer. 4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。

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高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.

高考英语阅读-观点态度题

观点态度题 典题示例 第1招：辨别文体、捕捉反映行文基调的词语 阅读理解 Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common. 1.In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do? A. Use words skillfully B. Associate with listeners C. Make musical speeches D. Learn poems by heart 第2招：利用人名或组织机构名称进行定位 阅读理解 … Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. “I don't believe in the new green religion,” Gerner says.” Gerner says. “Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. I'm interested in those that work.” But he wouldn't mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. “You neve r know what's going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,” he says. 2.What does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools? A. They are out of date. B. They are questionable. C. They are practical. D. They are advanced. 第3招：结合所举例子进行判断 阅读理解 For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club. 3.What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience? A. Conservative. B. Generous. C. Easy-going. D. Self-centered. 第4招：结合文章主题综合推断 阅读理解 Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists — everyone — is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we can't do it, they'll find someone who can. 4.The letter aims to remind editors that they should ______. A. give more freedom to their reporters B. keep their best reporters at all costs C. be aware of their reporters' professional development D. appreciate their reporters' working styles and attitudes