新目标八级下册英语语法知识点精讲

新目标八级下册英语语法知识点精讲

（一）一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.

will do结构表示将来的用法：

1. 表示预见

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.

2. 表示意图

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

基本构成如下：

一般疑问句构成：

（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t

否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do

Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.

特殊疑问句构成：

特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?

（二）should的用法：

should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.

例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。

She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games.

学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。

学习向别人提建议的几种句式：

（1）I think you should…

（2）Well, you could…

（3）Maybe you should …

（4）Why don’t you…?

（5）What about doing sth.?

（6）You’d better do sth.

（三）过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。

1. 构成

was /were + doing，例如：

I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.

at 9 o’clock last night是时间点

They were playing football all afternoon.

all afternoon是时间段

2. 过去进行时的标志词

at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：

I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.

昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。

At that time she was writing a book.

那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）

（四）间接引语

形成步骤：

（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号

（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）

（3）要考虑时态的变化

（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。

1.

2.

4. 动词时态和代词等的变动

(1).某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：直接引语间接引语

today that day

now then, at that moment

yesterday the day before

the day before yesterday two days before

tomorrow the next day / the following day

the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days

next week/ month etc the next week/month etc

last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before

here there

this that

these those

come go

bring take

(2).如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用

一般现在时

一般现在时→一般过去时；

现在进行时→过去进行时；

一般将来时→过去将来时；

现在完成时→过去完成时；

（五）if引导的条件状语从句

结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时

含义：如果……，将要……

例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。

If need be, we’ll work all night. 如果需要，我们就干个通宵。

if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“如果…的话”，用法如下：

1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下：If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can) +动词）

a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.

b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .

2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义. 民间谚语等，句型是：

If + 句子（一般现在时），+ 主句（一般现在时）.

例：If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed .

If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .

If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks

If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft .

If a plant don’t get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.

【试题答案】

一. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. A 10. C

11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B

二. 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B

三. 1. what, advice 2. buying, called 3. out, of 4. about, on 5. surprise, on

四. 1. C 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. A

五. （A）1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A

（B）1. C 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. E

实战操练

（答题时间：80分钟）

一. 选择填空。

（）1. Beijing won the chances _________ the 2008 Olympics.

A. to host

B. host

C. hosting

D. hosted

（）2. Tiger Woods can make billions ______ dollars a year.

A. for

B. with

C. of

D. on

（）3. －You looked so beautiful at the party.

－_______.

A. No, I don’t think so

B. Of course

C. Thank you very much

D. No, I’m not beautiful

（）4. The text is very easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a few

B. a little

C. few

D. little

（）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book.

A. that

B. what

C. how

D. if

（）6. －In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.

－I don’t agree. Speaking is _______ reading.

A. as important as

B. so important as

C. the more important

D. the most important

（）7. If he ________ harder, he’ll catch up with us.

A. work

B. works

C. worked

D. will work

（）8. The manager ________ that the business would be worse after the stock （股票）went down.

A. talked

B. told

C. said

D. spoke

（）9. We should keep _________ in the reading-room.

A. quiet

B. quietly

C. quite

D. quickly

（）10. －I think everything goes on well.

－_______.

A. So I do

B. I do so

C. So do I

D. So is I

（）11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _______.

A. down

B. it on

C. on it

D. it off

（）12. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money. I’ve ________ my handbag at home.

A. missed

B. left

C. put

D. forgotten

（）13. He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes.

A. after

B. before

C. that

D. while

（）14. It takes ________ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.

A. more

B. fewer

C. longer

D. less

（）15. －Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?

－Sorry, I haven’t. Why _______ you ask Mary? Perhaps she’s got one.

A. do

B. don’t

C. did

D. didn’t

二. 选择恰当的答语。

_____1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? A. Your teacher won’t let you in.

_____2. Will people use paper money in the future? B. He said I couldn’t stay out late.

_____3. I can’t sleep, what should I do? C. I was doing my homework.

_____4. If I wear jeans to school, what will happen? D. No, they won’t. Everyone will have a credit card.

_____5. What did your father say? E. You should listen to some relaxing music.

三. 根据汉语提示填空：

1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗？

I don’t know __________ to do, can you give me some _______?

2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。

While the alien was _______ a souvenir, I ________ the police.

3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。

On my way home from school, I saw a cat get ________ _______ a window.

4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。

I don’t want to talk _________ it with you _________ the phone.

5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。

We are going to have a _______ party for John ________ Friday evening.

四. 完形填空：

把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。

Three men went up in a balloon（气球）. They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （绳子）, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.

After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men’s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.

At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but

五. 阅读理解

（A）

Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend

Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his

pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.

Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies.

1. What did Einstein do? He was ______.

A. a doctor

B. a teacher

C. a scientist

2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.

A. Because he was writing something on the bridge.

B. Because he was waiting for a friend.

C. Because he was thinking.

3. It rained _________.

A. sometimes

B. for some time

C. for a long time

4. Einstein ________ and began to write something on it.

A. bought a piece of paper.

B. took a piece of paper from his car.

C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.

5. Which is true?

A. Einstein was careful with his work.

B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.

C. Einstein was careful with his friends.

（B）

生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据1－5小题所描述的救护方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画（本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不给分。）

1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.

2. If the person is bleeding （流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.

3. If you are bitten （cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible.

4. If you are burnt （hurt by fire or something very hot）, cool the burnt part at once. Run cool （not cold）water over the burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.

5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it’s very dangerous. The lift may get trapped between floors. Use the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____

Here are some pictures to choose.

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人教版八年级英语上学期语法专项辅导与训练 语法专项I I. 名词：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 一. 名词的种类：名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词。 1. 专有名词：专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名词，它的第一个字母必须大写，专有名词前一般不加冠词。 A. 表示人名：Li Bai，Mr Black，Doctor Zhang B. 表示地名：China，London，Zhong Guan Cun Street. C. 由普通名词构成的专有名词：the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum. 2. 普通名词：普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名标，它可以进一步分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。 A. 个体名词：表示某类人或事物中的个体：student，teacher，car. B. 集合名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体；family，police，people. C. 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念：music，love D. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或实物：water，tea，air 二. 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词，表示一个用单数，两个以上用复数，可数名词单数前面一般要用不定冠词a / an，可数名词复数是在单数名词后面加“s”或“es”。可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a / an。 1. 单数可数名词，表示“一”的概念，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 eg：a book，a tree，a shark an octopus，an apple，an egg 2. 复数可数名词：在英语中，如果要表示“二、三、四，……”概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 A. 名词复数的规则变化。 a. 在一般情况下，词尾后加-s。 books，cups，beds，boys，horses b. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，词尾加-es，读|iz| buses，boxes，dishes，watches c. 以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读|vz| half—halves，knife—knives d. 以o结尾的词，词尾加-es或-s。 zoos，photos，radios，tomatoes，potatoes e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es。 cities，families，babies B. 名词复数的不规则变化。 man—men，tooth—teeth，child—children，sheep—sheep C. 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes，trousers，pants，glasses