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PTE学术英语考试阅读技巧RE ORDER PARAGRAPH

RE ORDER

PARAGRAPH STRATEGY

July 14, 2015glorytotestingPTE, PTE academic, PTE REading, reorder paragraph PTE Hello this is very difficult item amongst all in PTE A. You should practice a lot to get good scores. Moreover, this is the highest weight-age marks compared all other items. Follow below cited examples , it may help you.

1. First understands/grasp the given paragraphs and what is for ? by using SKIM and SCAN processes.

2. Identify the topic /main sentence. Mainly consists of key words, person names, technical names, book names, research names, ….etc

3. Topic sentence is stand alone (SA). Independent sentence. it is not dependent on any other sentences given there.

4. Main /topic sentence does not starts with any contradict phrases like (however, but, although) and addition phrases like (Also, moreover, furthermore, besides.. etc)

5. Follow the pronoun rule – it does have terms like he , she, they , those and which is referred or depended by some other sentence.

6. After identify the main paragraph, need to check the relationship of remaining paragraph.

another set of tips

TIPS FOR REORDER PARAGRPH

Parajumbles are jumbled paragraphs. Basically, you are given a paragraph – but the sentences are not in the right order. It‘s up to you to untie this knot and rearrange the sentences so that they logically make sense. Normally instructions for this type of questions will read ―Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph‖.

So go through these

1- TRANSITION WORDS

Transition words make the shift from one idea to another very smooth. They organize and connect the sentences logically. Observing the transition words found in a sentence can often give you a clue about the sentence that will come before/after that particular sentence.

Given below are some commonly used transition words:

also, again, as well as, besides, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover, similarly,

consequently, hence, otherwise, subsequently, therefore, thus, as a rule, generally, for instance, for example, for one thing, above all, aside from, barring, besides, in other words, in short, instead, likewise, on one hand, on the other hand, rather, similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, first of all, to begin with, at the same time, for now, for the time being, in time, later on, meanwhile, next, then, soon, the meantime, later, while, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, in conclusion, with this in mind, after all, all in all to sum-up.

EXAMPLE WITH TRANSITION WORDS

A. But in the industrial era destro ying the enemy‘s productive capacity means bombing the factories which are located in the cities.

B. So in the agrarian era, if you need to destroy the enemy‘s productive capacity, what you want to do is bum his fields, or if you‘re really vicious, salt th em.

C. Now in the information era, destroying the enemy‘s productive capacity means destroying the information infrastructure.

D. How do you do battle with your enemy?

E. The idea is to destroy the enemy‘s productive capacity, and depending upon the economic foundation, that productive capacity is different in each case

F. With regard to defense, the purpose of the military is to defend the nation and be prepared to do battle with its enemy.

EXPLANATION FOR THE ANSWER transition word ―but‖ in the first sent ence. It signifies that the sentence is expressing an idea contrary to an idea expressed in some previous sentence. Now we need to find that previous sentence. If we further look at the beginning of the first sentence, it says ―but in the industrial era…‖ which suggests that the contrariness is with respect to eras.

Looking further, we see that sentence B and C are also starting with statement about eras. But the transition word at the start of C is ―now‖ which expresses present era and hence it cannot chronologically come before any other past era. That is, if information era is the present era, talk about any other era will come before this. So sentence B is the correct sentence to come before the first sentence.

Likewise, sentence C is the correct sentence to come after the first sentence (sentence C is continuing the idea). Therefore, we have the link BAC.

We see that option 1, 3 and 4 all have the link BAC. Furthermore, all the three options have the link EBAC. Therefore, we only need to arrange D and F. The sentence F states that ―The purpose is…to battle with the enemy‖ and D questions ―how do you battle with the enemy?‖ Therefore, D will come .

FDEBAC is the correct arrangement.

2- PERSONAL PRONOUN –

Personal pronouns are he, she, it, him, her, they, you, your etc. Remember that personal pronouns always refer to a person, place or thing etc. Therefore, if a sentence contains a personal pronoun without mentioning the person, place or object it is referring to, the person, place or object must have come in the previous sentence . EXAMPLE WITH PERSONAL PRONOUN .

A. Although there are large regional variations, it is not infrequent to find a large number of people sitting here and there and doing nothing.

B. Once in office, they receive friends and relatives who feel free to call any time without prior appointment.

C. While working, one is struck by the slow and clumsy actions and reactions, indifferent attitudes, procedure rather than outcome orientation, and the lack of consideration for others.

D. Even those who are employed often come late to the office and leave early unless they are forced to be punctual.

E. Work is not intrinsically valued in India.

F. Quite often people visit ailing friends and relatives or go out of their way to help them in their personal matters even during office hours.Look at the personal pronoun ―they‖ in sentence B: Once in office, they receive friends and relatives who feel free to call any time without prior appointment. This they must be referring to some people. The reference to some people only comes in sentences A, D, and F. Therefore, one of the sentences will come before sentence B. Let‘s see the link AB,DB, and FB; Link AB- Although there are large regional variations, it is not infrequent to find a large number of people sitting here and there and doing nothing. Once in office, they receive friends and relatives who feel free to call any time without prior appointment. Link DB- Even those who are employed often come late to the office and leave early unless they are forced to be punctual. Once in office, they receive friends and relatives who feel free to call any time without prior appointment.

Link FB- Quite often people visit ailing friends and relatives or go out of their way to help them in their personal matters even during office hours. Once in office, they receive friends and relatives who feel free to call any time without prior appointment. Which of these links makes sense? Only link DB seems coherent. Now, we examine the options with link DB. We see that options 1 and 3 have link DB in them. Also, both the options have link ADBF. Therefore, ADBF is a link. Now we only need to place sentences E and C. We can do that by reading the sentences in the order given in options 1 and 3.

THE FLOW OF AUTHORS IDEA SHOULD BE COMPLETELY LOGICAL; THE AUTHOR DOES NOT JUMP FROM ONE IDEA TO OTHER SUDDENLY.

In link EC, sentence E is talking about work not being valued whereas sentence C is

talking about people being clumsy, indifferent, inconsiderate etc. Sentence C is NOT talking ab out value of work. It is talking about people‘s behavior. Therefore, EC cannot be a logical flow.

EADBFC IS THE CORRECT ANSWER

3- DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN-

The demonstrative pronouns are ―this,‖ ―that,‖ ―these,‖ and ―those.‖ ―This‖ and ―that‖ are used to refe r to singular nouns or noun phrases and ―these‖ and ―those‖ are used to refer to plural nouns and noun phrases. Whenever a sentence contains a demonstrative pronoun without mentioning the noun or the noun phrase, it means that the previous sentence must be mentioning that noun or noun phrase. Finding that noun or noun phrase helps us connect two sentences.

EXAMPLE WITH DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN

A. Michael Hofman, a poet and translator, accepts this sorry fact without approval or complaint.

B. But thanklessness and impossibility do not daunt him.

C. He acknowledges too ―in fact he returns to the point often ‖ that best translators of poetry always fail at some level.

D. Hofman feels passionately about his work, and this is clear from his writings.

E. In terms of the gap between worth and rewards, translators come somewhere near nurses and street-cleaners.

Again an easy one. Notice the demonstrative pronoun ―this‖ in sentence A: Michael Hofman, a poet and translator, accepts this sorry fact without approval or complaint. Also note that sentence A is introducing Michael Hofman (Michael Hofman, a poet and translator,…) and will thereby come before every sentence containing the personal pronoun he or him. So which sorry fact is sentence A referring to? It can only be t he fact found in sentence E. Also, other sentences contain ―he‖ or ―him‖. Therefore, EA is a link. Link EA is contained in option 1, 3 and 4. But in 4, sentence D is coming before sentence A, and this cannot happen because sentence A should be before any other sentence referring to Hofman as sentence A is introducing Hofman. Therefore, we are left with options 1 and 3. The difference between options 1 and 3 is the order of sentence D and B.Link DB- Hofman feels passionately about his work, and this is clear from his writings. But thanklessness and impossibility do not daunt him.

EACBD IS THE RIGHT ANSWER

4- ACRONYM APPROACH

– In PJ we encounter full and short names sometimes acronyms of some term or institution.

Ex-World Trade Organization – WTO

Dr. Manmohan Singh – Dr. Singh

Karl Marx – Marx

President George W. Bush – President bush or the president

EXAMPLE WITH THIS

The rule is that if both full form as well as short form is present in different sentences, then the sentence containing full form will come before the sentence containing short form.

1. If you are used to having your stimulation come in from outside, your mind never develops its own habits of thinking and reflecting

2. Marx thought that religion was the opiate, because it soothed people‘s pain a nd suffering and prevented them from rising in rebellion

3. If Karl Marx was alive today, he would say that television is the opiate of the people.

4. Television and similar entertainments are even more of an opiate because of their addictive tendencies.

3241 THE RIGHT ABSWER

5-TIME SEQUENCE APPROACH-Either dates or time sequence indicating words: Be aware of the time indication either by giving years – or by using time indicating words. Arrange the sentences using their proper time sequence. Here are a few time sequence indicating words -Before after later

EXAMPLE FOR THIS

1. Then two astronomers—the German, Johannes Kepler, and the Italian, Galileo Galilei-started publicly to support the Copernican theory, despite the fact that the orbits it predicted did not quite match the ones observed.

2. His idea was that the sun was stationary at the centre and that the earth and the planets move in circular orbits around the sun.

3. A simple model was proposed in 1514 by a Polish priest, Nicholas Copernicus.

4. Nearly a century passed before this idea was taken serious

SOLUTION EXPLANATION The 3rd sentence talks about the time event and other time vents follow it in a chronological order. So

3241 IS THE RIGHT ANSWER

6- ARTICLE APPROACH

Articles can be divided into two categories –

1. Definite (the) and

2. Indefinite (a and an).

When the author uses ?a / an‘ – he wants to make a general statement – wants to

introduce the noun followed by a/an for the first time but when he uses ?the‘ he wants to refer back to some previ ously discussed noun. It means having ?the‘ is very unlikely in the opening sentence. If ?a/an‘ and ?the‘ both are used for the same noun then the sentence containing ?the‘ will come after the sentence containing a/an.

7- NOUN , PRONOUN AND ADJECTIVE APPROACH– Whenever pronoun comes – it will come in the immediate sentence containing the respective noun.

i. e. A sequence can be like this

Noun

Pronoun

or like

Noun Pronoun

………….. no pronoun

Noun

Pronoun

i.e. the pronoun sequence will continue till it is halted by a break (i.e. a sentence containing no pronoun) then if necessary it will start with the noun again. We can‘t write pronoun after a break. It is not a correct form of writing.

7. All the paragraphs should have a relation with others and try to identify that.

8. Follow general steps like – years wise – Stages of life : Birth ,

school/education ,marriage,children, death- Stages of a butterfly .. etc

9. It is very important you need write the correct sequence order. How many you write correct sequences you would be awarded like that.

10. After finish the test , review your answer and check the meaning in flow . correct or not

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中考英语考试中的时间控制和答题技巧word版本

中考英语考试中的时间控制和答题技巧

中考英语中的时间控制和答题技巧一、单项选择做题要点：先看选项，认清是什么考点，考什语法点或知识点；再读题进行斟酌。做题速度，2题/分钟。力争15分拿14分！二、完型填空（先通读文章后填选项）此类文章词汇一般较简单。认真琢磨第一段第一句话的大意。弄清全文何时、何地、何人、何事四大要素之后才填选项。若考语法，则应用语法知识。切忌未通读文章前边看边填。注意上下文的关联，尤其注意文中 so、 and、 but 等连词透漏出的答案信息。答题时间：6——8分钟。力争10分拿到8-9分。完型题是我们容易失分的题型之一，究其原因主要有两点：一是学生普遍缺乏整体把握篇章的能力，而完型主要就是考察这种能力，因此有些选项，如果不放在原文中，没有上下文的限制，那么可能ABCD四个选项都可以填进去，但放到原文中，答案就是唯一了。二是完形填空所选用的篇目多是先叙后议的文章，即先叙述一个感人故事，末尾再发表议论，点明中心思想。因为这类文章基本都是原汁原味的英美作品，所以其中所蕴含的人生观、世界观和我们有所不同，又由于文化的差异，其感情表达方式许多学生难以理解，这就形成了所谓的“情感缺失”，题一选就错，还不明原因。所以要想做好完型，练习固然不可或缺，英美文化知识背景的学习和了解也是至关重要的。至于做题方法，大致分三步走：第一，先通读全文掌握其大意。这是题目所要求的，也是很必要的，除顶级高手可以一边看文章一边看选项之外，大家最好老老实实先把文章通读一遍。通读的目的就是掌握大意，而非完全理解，也就是抓住文章的感情主线。第二，从头开始，边看文章边选答案。

英语大题解题技巧与方法

英语大题解题技巧与方法英语是许多学生难以攻克的短板，各个答题都有其难点，当然也有相应的解题技巧和方法，以下是物美云知识店铺整理的英语大题解题技巧，希望能帮到大家。 1听力题型听力部分的比重大概为20%。主要涉及：边听选图片或选单词、边听边看图排序或判断、听问句选答句、听答句选问句、听写类等等。英国知名的听力教学法专家根据听力理论和记忆的心理规律设计了听的三个步骤：“听前(pre-listening)”“听时(while-listening)”和“听后(post-listening)”。要想在听力部分拿到满意的成绩，需这么做： 1.听前争分夺秒读题干，了解题意。图画中出现的人物、动物、动作、时间或数字等内容，孩子要极其敏感，抓住这些关键信息来提高答题准确率。 2.听时聚精会神，耳手脑并用。

适度紧张，边听边记边思考。如果遇到需要听写的单词太长，则可采用自己能辨识的缩略法进行标记。第一遍听大意，做好标注;第二遍集中精力，边听边写答案。 3.听后仔细推敲，确保正确率。听完后检查，看看有没有拼写错误。发现错误及时纠正。注意，不要空题!很可能有些答案通过前后文意，也可以推断出来。 2单项填空这是一道传统题型，涉及词汇、语法、句型、惯用法等方面。答题时，也需要讲究一定的技巧： 1.认真审题干，从题干中判断考点，从词汇和语法等各个方面联系思考。 2.排除法是很好的解题帮手。自己能明确排除的做好标注，节省答题时间。 3.对话型的单选题，可把自己置身于语境之中进行思考。

4.单选题很多能从课本中找到影子，因此可联想课文内容进行比对。 5.答题完毕后，要将句子连起来读读，看看是否通顺。语感也是很重要的噢! 3完型填空主要考查孩子的语法与词汇知识综合运用的能力。既考查词语基本搭配、近义词辨析、动词常用时态、句型结构、关联词等，又考查了理解和逻辑能力。从例子中，我们可以看出完形填空是介乎单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型，一般设置10个左右的选项。解答技巧如下： 1.通读全文，了解大意。先认真通读文章内容，了解大概意思。错误做法： (1)遇到生僻的词汇或较难的句子，就停下来在这些细枝末节上死抠。 (2)一看到这么多空格，就着急边看边填，想早点填完。

学位英语完形填空解题技巧

成人学位英语考试解题技巧---完形填空一、概述完形填空（Part ⅣCloze）是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约200词）中留有20个空白。每个空白为一题，每题有四个选项。要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选出一个最佳答案，使短文的结构和意思恢复完整。填空的选项包括结构词和实义词，有些选项会涉及到一些重要的语法。二、完形填空解析完型填空是英语考试的一个组成部分。《考试大纲》指出：“完型填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”，也即理解篇章和使用词汇和语法的能力。完型填空有如下特点： 1.这项考试首先是测试考生对篇章的理解能力。虽然所给出的文章被抽去了一些词，但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章内容，就难以将正确的词填入文中。这也就是完型填空题与以单句形式考核词汇和语法的实体的根本区别。由此可见，考生在作题时必须时刻从上下文考虑，部应该只看到所添的词在短语或句子内是否可行。因此，在作题时最好将全文通读一下，了解了全文的意识以后在作题。 2.这项考试还测试考生使用词汇和语法结构的能力。文章中留出的每一个空格要求填入一个词。考试大纲规定：“填空的词项包括结构词和实义词”。结构词（也称虚词，有代词、冠词、介词、连词、关系词等）主要是表示语法结构关系的，在选用结构词时便需要考虑在语法上是否恰当。对实义词（名词、形容词、数词、动词和副词）的选择既要看其意思用在句中是否得当，也要看它与其他词的搭配关系是否合适。 3.首句一般没有空格，对于首句应该给与足够的重视，因为往往它就是中心句或是引导句，它的时态往往决定了全文的时态，所以多花一点时间看首句是值得的。 4.然后以句子为单位一句一句地读，一句一句地填空，主要考虑语法、句意、逻辑和上下文联系。暂时填不出来的就空在那里。 5.最后通读一遍，完成没有填的空，再看看填的顺不顺，不顺的地方大胆修改。三、答题技巧 1.拿到题目，首先从语法角度考虑，因为语法考察要占70%以上（其中有与词汇考察相交部分），每一题必然是考某一个语法点，如果你在选择答案时已经知道考的是哪一个语法点，那么90%的可能这道题里做对了；如果你云里雾里，那只有祈祷了。 2.从语法着手不行之后，在从句意着手，透彻理解句子的意思。 3.总是第一反应，因为第一反应往往来自于语感。 4.容易的熟悉的题要一跳而过，难题也不要多花时间，先猜一个答案，（以免后来时间紧，忘记），再在题目前做一个记号，等到检查时，再考虑。也许在做其它题目时，你会得到某种启示。 5.掌握语法结构和规则，记住短语搭配，用熟悉的短语去推断正确的答案。 2012年学位英语-- 完形填空模拟真题例一： Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that gosintosthe collecting o f those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo.One of the ques tions that is always asked of me is __1__ I became an animal collector in the first _ _2__ .The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos.According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any __3__ was not the convention al“mamma”or“daddy”, __4__ the word“zoo”, which I would __5__ over and over agai n with a shrill __6__ until someone, insgroupsto __7__ me up, would take me to the zo o.When I __8__ a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great __9__ of pets, ra nging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time __10__ the countryside in search of fresh specimens to __11__ to my collection of pets.__12__ on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student __13__ , to get experience of the large animals, s