(word完整版)2019届高考英语阅读理解：科普类说明文--有解析

科教科普类

1、Australia leads the world in its number of resident poisonous spiders as well as the strength of their toxicity(毒性). However,of almost 9,800 species most are perfectly harmless and interesting.

Spider diversity is broad and many fascinating species occur here that range from the large to the tiny and hardly noticed, and from the dullest black to the strangely shaped.

Spiders can be roughly classified according to the strategies(策略) they use for feeding. Spiders which appeared earlier in the evolutionary scale feed by waiting in a cave for food to come along before grabbing it. Following them were spiders which actively wandered looking for food and which caught it by chasing it down. The evolution of flying insects makes spiders evolve ne w ways of catching food which couldn’t be chased and so the earliest air web weavers arose.

Most spiders feed on insects and other arthropods but the Whistling Spider feeds on frogs and small birds. The Golden Orb Spider also feeds on small birds.

A spider periodically sheds(蜕皮;脱落) its skin so that it can grow. Immature stages are called moults. Each species has a particular number of moults that it will go through before reaching its final adult stage.

Usually, once male spiders have mated, they die shortly after. But, even in death, Redback males often serve a purpose. The already pregnant Redback females always kill their lover and, in most cases, also eat them. This provides them with a small reproductive advantage.

Allowing spiders to take up places around houses can be beneficial in that they catch other annoying insects such as mosquitoes and flies.

Rest assured that while you might see some large spiders, and perhaps even some poisonous ones, a good rule is to look and admire but don't touch any spider you find. Even those without poison could still have a nasty bite.

1.Different families of spiders are identified themselves by ______.

A.their physical character

B.their ways of getting food

C.the strength of their toxicity

D.their effect on the environment

2.What are the latest spiders in their evolution process?

A.Spiders that chase down insects for food.

B.Spiders that wait for the insects to come along.

C.Spiders that can weave webs to catch flying insects.

D.Spiders that actively go out to look for insects as food.

3.If a spider stays on the wall of your house, you’d better ______.

A.kill it

B.feed it

C.let it be

D.chase it out

4.What is the passage mainly talking about?

A.A brief introduction of spiders.

B.The evolution process of spiders.

C.Living harmoniously with spiders.

D.The living and feeing habits of spiders.

2、Many people believe that you lose the ability to learn new languages as you get older. Language experts,however,will tell you that you’re never too old to learn a new language. As you get older, it can be more difficult to learn a new language,though.

Children and adults learn new languages in different ways. For children, language is their life. They study for thousands of hours every year. Because they need to learn language to became part of their communities.Adults,on the other hand,are already part of a language community. Learning a new language means becoming part of another language community,and adults rarely get the chance to practice as much as young children do.

Moreover.children leaning a new language are expected to make mistakes. This gives them freedom when learning to be daring and confident Adults,however,often feel pressured to be perfect when learning a new language.This can discourage many people and make it even harder to learn a new language.

When young children learn a new language,they come to see various languages as a “normal” part of society.This mindset(思维模式) helps them embrace learning a new language without feeling like they're doing something unusual or“too hard”.

So if you want to learn a new language,go f or it! It’s never too late to learn a new language. If you're older,it may take more work,but it can be done.If you're a young child,though,now is the time to step out and learn a new language!

1.By “Language is their life”,the author means that children .

A.can't live without language

B.lead a happy life every day

C.practice a new language a lot

D.are taken good care of adults

2.What may make it hard for the old people to learn a new language!

A.They are afraid of being laughed at.

B.They usually have too many interests.

C.They think making mistakes is natural.

D.They always make all kinds of mistakes.

3.Which of the following shows the difference between children and adults in learning new language?

A.The behaviors they have.

B.The learning attitudes.

C.The future plans they have made.

D.The materials they are using.

4.According to the author,a new language .

A.can never be learned by the old people

B.can be grasped by the people easily

C.can be understood only by the old people

D.can learned by both the old and the young

3、Kids and teens are often dismissive of praise from their parents. I am sure that parents out there can relate to this, as we all have been told at one time or another by one or several of our kids,“Stop it, Mom.’’ or even,“You’re just saying that because you are my parents and you have to say that. " I can assure you, though, that they are listening. They will probably not thank you for this praise until they are in their twenties, but don't let that stop you from praising them during

their childhood and teen years. Just be careful how you praise them. A little praise may go a long way —especially if it is the right kind of praise.

It appears that the way to go is to praise their efforts according to a study by Brummelman, of Utrecht University in the Netherlands and colleagues. These researchers concluded that kids should be praised primarily for their efforts, rather than for their personal characteristics, because if they are praised for effort, then a poor performance is more likely to be seen as a glitch(小故障), rather than a valid reflection of who they are as individuals.

Let’s think about this together. If you are a teenager or a child of any age and are constantly told how brilliant you are, then when you do poorly on a test or a few tests, you may feel like you have suddenly lost your status as brilliant and may now feel ashamed that you are merely average or even dumb. If you are a girl who is constantly being told how beautiful you are, then on a day when you don’t look or feel so good, you may decide that you are unattractive. This is the problem that develops when we are praising our kids for global personality characteristics that they can't always live up to.

1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is the right kind of praise?

A.You are a great artist.

B.You are very intelligent.

C.Wow, you have a special gift for music.

D.Your painting has indeed improved due to your efforts.

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.All the children should be praised.

B.There’s no need to praise kids and teens.

C.Praise should be beyond children’s expectations.

D.Teens often pay no attention to their parents’ praise.

3.The underlined word “dumb” in the last par agraph can be replaced by _________.

A.stupid

B.unique

C.curious

D.honest

4.The main topic of this passage is _____.

A.why to praise kids and teens

B.how to praise kids and teens

C.different ways to praise kids and teens

D.the importance of praising kids

4、Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect on the mind, catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self-examination.

Using a special machine, they monitored the brain activity of 30 volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T.S. Eliot and others.

In the first part of the research, the brain activity of 30 volunteers was monitored as they read passages from Shakespeare’s plays, including King Lear, Othello, Coriolanus and Macbeth, and again as they read the text rewritten in a simpler form or modern language.

While reading the common texts, normal levels of electrical activity were shown in their brains. When they read the works of Shakespeare, however, the levels of activity jumped because of his use of words which were unfamiliar to them. The result of the test showed that the more challenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than the common ones.

Scientists went on to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and recorded how it lit up as the readers came across unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentences in the classical works. As a result, this lightening up process of the mind lasted longer than that when volunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.

The research also found that reading poetry especially increases activity in the right hemisphere(半球) of the brain, an area connected with “autobiographical memory”, driving the readers to think carefully about their own experiences based on what they have read. The academics said this meant the classical works of literature are more useful than self-help books.

Philip Davis, an English professor who has worked on the study in the university’s magnetic resonance center, announced this week: “Classical literature acts like a rocket-booster to the brain, which provides extra power for the brain. You may never imagine how powerful it is. The

research shows such kind of literature can create new thoughts and connections in the young and the old.”

1.The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “______”.

A.depends on

B.picks up

C.sets off

D.changes into

2.Which of the following is NOT true about reading classical literature?

A.It makes readers’ brain more active than reading common texts.

B.It makes readers’ electrical activity of brain return to normal.

C.It’s help ful for readers to come up with new ideas.

D.It’s an activity that is suitable for people of all ages.

3.From the research, we can learn that ______.

A.the readers prefer Shakespeare’s works to the other writers’ works

B.the words of classical works make it hard for volunteers to read further

C.reading classical works produces a good and long-lasting effect on the mind

D.poetry increases left-brain activity more than other literary forms

4.What does the author mainly tell us in this passage?

A.Shakespeare’s plays deserve to be read.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6a10728945.html,mon books are unpopular anymore.

C.Poetry is best for developing people’s brain.

D.Classical works help the brain develop better.

5、Do parents have a constitutional right to homeschool their children? No, according to a California District Court judge, who recently ruled that a child must be schooled "by a person holding a valid state teaching credential (文凭)for the grade being ta ught”.

What started as a Los Angeles County child welfare case involving one specific family has gone into proceedings (诉讼) that have actually put on trial the very nature of what constitutes a sound education. “For decades we’ve been happily homeschoo ling, and then this comes up suddenly,” says Mary Griffith, a homeschooling parent. Griffith says California had traditionally

given homeschooling parents the freedom to choose the kind of education they want for their child.

This particular family in Los Angeles had enrolled their children in a private school independent study program not in their home. In response to abuse charges against the family, the children were enrolled in public schools. The parents stated they had a constitutional right to homeschool on religious grounds; that's when the court ruling was issued. However, Griffith says if the ruling ends up affecting anyone, it will mainly be those who also enroll their children in

off-site homeschooling. “This won't be far-reaching for homeschooling parents."

That's how organizations like the Homeschool Association of California (HSC) would like to keep it, anyway, and they've hired a team of lawyers to limit the impact of the case. Griffith says the legal team for HSC is trying to establish that while this ruling may indeed be necessary for this particular family, it should not set a precedent(先例) for all.

What does this case really mean for homeschooling families nationwide? According to Darren A. Jones, this decision is certain to affect homeschooling on a national scale. Jones claims that it is common for state courts to look to other states’ rulings for assistance in deciding issues where no precedent exists. “A poor legal decision in California could become part of a trend across th e nation.’’

1.In Griffith’s opinion, ________.

A.parents don’t have a right to homeschool their children

B.a child must be schooled by an expert with a credential

C.homeschooling should be forbidden in the whole country

D.it is understandable for parents to homeschool their children

2.The underlined word “this” in Para. 2 refers to the fact that ________.

A.parents happily homeschool their children

B.parents don’t have a right to homeschool their children

C.a child must be schooled by a person with a teaching credential

D.a Los Angeles County child welfare case involves a special family

3.Why were the particular family’s children enrolled in public schools?

A.To avoid the abuse charges against them.

B.To receive the better education in it.

C.To break away from their parents.

D.To cooperate with the expert’s jobs.

4.What’s the author’s attitude towards whether parents have a right to homeschool their children?

A.Supportive.

B.Sympatric.

C.Negative.

D.Objective.

6、Summer shouldn't mean taking a break from learning, especially reading. Studies show that most students experience a loss of reading skills over the summer months, but children who continue to read actually gain skills. So efforts should be made during the summer to help children keep reading skills, practice reading and read for enjoyment.

Parents should remember that children need free time in the summer to relax and enjoy the pleasures of childhood. So summer reading should be fun. Following are a few tips to make reading enjoyable for your children this summer:

Read aloud together with your child every day.

Make it fun by reading outdoors on the front steps, patio, at the beach or park. Also, let your children read to you.

Set a good example!

Keep lots of reading material around the house. Turn off the TV and have each person read his or her book, including Mom and Dad.

Read the same book your child is reading and discuss it.

This is the way to develop habits of the mind and build capacity(能力) for thought and insight.

Let kids choose what they want to read, and don’t turn your nose up at popular fiction. It will only discourage the reading habit.

Subscribe, in your child’s name, to magazines.

Encourage older children to read the newspaper and current events magazines, to keep up the reading habit over the summer and develop vocabulary. Ask them what they think about what they’ve read, and listen to what they say.

1.Parents must help children read during the summer because ________.

A.the summer holiday is too long a time for them

B.reading is a kind of relaxation for children

C.some of the reading skills may be lost if they stop reading

D.children can enjoy the pleasure of childhood

2.What does the underlined phrase "turn your nose up at” probably mean?

A.Get interested in.

B.Show one’s dislike for.

C.Think highly of.

D.Lose interest in.

3.In oder to build children's capacity for thought and insight, parents should ______.

A.subscribe to magazines in the child’s name

B.read the same book the child is reading and discuss it

C.let children choose what they want to read

D.turn off the TV

4.What does the passage mainly tell about?

A.Some summer reading tips for parents.

B.Some useful advice on reading for children.

C.What kinds of books to read in summer.

D.How to teach children to read.

7、Have you got the information taught by your teacher in class? Have you understood what you saw on the screen? Maybe everyone has their own learning style.

Generally speaking, we gather information with our minds and bodies in different ways, such as seeing, hearing and doing. Then our brains deals with that information, organizing it and connecting it to things we are already aware of. In other words, our brains will deal with the information in different ways. Sometimes we think in pictures or words. Sometimes we remember details or the big pictures.

For different people, their learning styles are different too. One person may find it hard to make out the information in written forms but easy to know it immediately in an oral description. However, another person might find difficulties with the picture but the written message.

Now scientists say there exist seven basic learning styles.

·Linguistic: These people learn through listening, reading, speaking and writing.

·Logical: These people learn with formula (公式) and principles (原理).

·Visual: These people learn by seeing what they are studying.

·Musical: These people learn well when information is presented through music.

·Kinesthetic: These people learn from movement and physical activities.

·Intrapersonal: These people learn best by linking new information directly with their own experiences.

·Interpersonal: These people learn well by working with others.

Therefore, if you know what learning style is your strength, you can balance your weakness, and get a more successful learning experience.

1.From the passage, we know that our brains ______.

A.deal with the information in different ways

B.send out the information in the same way

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6a10728945.html,anize information with our bodies

D.gather information in the same way

2.A visual learner usually learns _____.

A.through listening and speaking

B.by seeing what he is learning

C.from movement and physical activities

D.by linking new information with his experience

3.A musical learner will find it easy to learn ______.

A.with formulas and principles

B.by working with others

C.through reading and writing

D.through music he hears

4.The purpose of the passage is to tell us to ______.

A.learn more successfully

B.gather more information

C.understand more quickly

D.exchange information better

8、In 2015 a paper published in a science magazine reported on the personality types of people living in various London districts. Extroverts (外向的人), the researchers who wrote it had discovered, favored Richmond. Those who were most open to experience gathered in Hackney. People in Barnet scored lower than average on emotional stability.

What this study did not address was whether someone’s home range reflects their personality traits or imposes them. In other words, is what is going on “nature” or “nurture” (培育) ? However, in a piece of research just published, Dr. Holtmann of Otago University, in New Zealand, and his colleagues have filled that gap—at least, they have filled it for dunnocks.

The dunnock is a European bird. It has, though, been introduced to New Zealand and its population has boomed there. It is a well-studied species, and, in particular, some being measurably bolder (更大胆的) and more tolerant of potential threats, such as nearby human beings, than others. The team’s research area was the Botanic Garden in Dunedin. This is open to the public, but some areas are more frequented by visitors than others. Dunnocks have small territories, so it was possible to measure the amount of human disturbance in a given territory with reasonable precision. And, by wrapping each of the dunnocks in the garden with colour-coded bands it was possible to identify individuals by sight. Altogether, the researchers looked at 99 of them.

The y worked out a bird’s level of threat tolerance by the simple method of walking towards it, and then measuring how close one could get before the bird flew away. They did this several times for each bird every breeding season, and repeated the process over the course of three seasons.

A particular bird’s flight distance (ie, how closely it could be approached before it departed) was, they found, consistent within a breeding season. From season to season most birds got a little bolder—probably as they learnt more about the world and what they could safely get away with. But this increase in boldness with age was small compared with the different starting points of bold and shy birds when they first arrived in a territory. It did not, therefore, much affect the fact

that, on average, birds’ flight distances were inversely correlated (负相关) with the level of human disturbance in their territories. This was a consequence of disturbed territories being settled by bold birds, and undisturbed territories by shy ones.

In the case of dunnocks, then, nature wins over nurture. Dr. Holtmann was able to show that personalities match circumstances, rather than being created by them. Dunnocks can recognize which places suit them best, and choose to settle in them shortly after they are fully fledged (羽翼丰满). Most likely, that is happening in London districts, too.

1.What does the underlined words “that gap” in the second paragraph refer to?

A.What the paper published in 2015 failed to handle.

B.Why extroverts favour certain areas in London district.

C.How Dr. Holtmann involved dunnocks in his study.

D.What the former and latter study have in common.

2.From Paragraph 3, we can know that dunnocks ________.

A.are native to New Zealand

B.have distinct personalities

C.are bolder than human beings

D.can be easily identified by its color

3.What conclusion did Dr. Holtmann draw from his study?

A.It’s nurture rather than nature that matters in the case of dunnocks’ behaviour.

B.Birds’ flight distances were in proportion to huma n disturbance in their territories.

C.Dunnocks choose their habitats wisely in the first place rather than adapt to them.

D.Bold birds and shy birds alike settle in undisturbed territories in the botanic garden.

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing th e passage?

A.To argue that circumstances cultivate certain personalities.

B.To entertain readers with some funny facts about dunnocks.

C.To present the finding of a scientific research about dunnocks.

D.To confirm the assumption that personalities match circumstances.

答案以及解析

1答案及解析：

答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Spiders can be roughly classified according the strategies they use for feeding. ”可知,蜘蛛是按照捕食的方式来划分种类的。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“The evolution of flying insects makes spider s evolve new ways of catching food which couldn't be chased and so the earliest aerial web weavers arose. ”可知,会飞的昆虫的进化导致最新种类的蜘蛛的出现,它们织网来追逐会飞的昆虫。故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but don’t touch any spider you find”可推知,见到蜘蛛最好不要碰它们。故选C。

4.主旨大意题.本文主要介绍了蜘蛛的进化、生长、捕食等方面的知识。A项概括最全面。

2答案及解析：

答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D

解析：作者论述了年轻人和较长者学语言的不同,年长者不是没有能力学习语言而是需要付出较多。

1.C推理判断题。作者说For children, language is their life.根据下文的They study for thousands of hours every year, because they need to learn languages to become part of their communities.和young children can accumulate(积累) those hours over several years as they grow up.可知孩子们有大量的时间去学习和练习语言,故选C.

2.A根据第三段Adults, however, often feel pressured to be perfect when learning a new language. This can discourage many people and make it even harder to learn a new language. 可知成年人

学语言时有压力怕出错,这就阻碍了他们学语言。故选A.

3.B根据文章第二、三、四段对比可知孩子和成年人学语言的目的不同、态度不同会导致学习结果的不同,故选B.

4.D根据文章内容及最后一段It’s never too late to learn a new language. If you’re older, it may take more work, but it can be done. If you’re a young child, though, now is the time to step out and learn a new language! 可知年轻人和年龄较长的人都能学习语言,只不过年长者需多费时间,故选D.

3答案及解析：

答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.A; 4.B

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“...kids should be praised primarily for their efforts, rather than for their personal characteristics.”可知,应该表扬孩子所做出的努力,故D项正确。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知,孩子通常都不太在意父母的表扬,故D项正确。

3.词义猜测题。根据句意可知,如果一个孩子一直被赞扬有多么聪明,然而考试成绩却不理想的话,他会感觉自己很普通甚至有些笨.因此可推断画线词意为“蠢笨的,愚蠢的”,故选A项。

4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讨论了父母应该如何表扬孩子这个话题,故选B项。

4答案及解析：

答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D

5答案及解析：

答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中他说的话“For decades we’ve been happily homeschooling. ”及本段最后一句可知,在格里菲斯看来,让孩子在家接受教育是可以理解的,故选D项。

2.推理判断题。根据上文内容和画线词前面的“For decades we’ve been happily homeschooling....” 可知,有人提出孩子们必须由有教育文凭的专业人士来施教,而格里菲斯

认为在家教育本来进展得很好,由此推断,现在突然提出的是“父母无权在家教育自己的孩子”,故选B项。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“In response to abuse charges against the family, the children were enrolled in public schools. ” 可知A项正确.

4.推理判断题,通读全文可知,本文第一段提出了问题,接下来分四段讲了他人对这一问题的看法,整篇文章中都没有描写作者自己对这件事情的态度,故选objective “客观的”。

6答案及解析：

答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A

解析：1.细节理解题.根据第一段第二句“Studies show that most students experience a loss of reading skills over the summer mon ths, but children who continue to read actually gain skills.”可

知,研究表明经过暑假学生会丧失阅读技巧。

2.词义猜测题。根据画线短语后面的“It will only discourage the reading habit.(这将会阻碍学生的阅读习惯)”可推断,该短语的意思是“表示出不喜欢”,所以选B项。

3.细节理解题.根据Read the same book your child is reading and discuss it.部分的“This is the way to develop habits of the mind and build capacity for thought and insight. ”可知,家长应该同孩子读一样的书并一起讨论, 这样才能增强孩子的洞察力和思维能力。

4.主旨大意题。通读全文,并根据第二段的“Following are a few tips to make reading enjoyable for your children this summer”可知,本文是针对帮助孩子在夏天阅读给家长提的几条建议。

7答案及解析：

答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A

8答案及解析：

答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D

高三二轮英语说明文阅读及技巧

Work sheet for reading expository articles说明文阅读理解学案 Reading guide In-class reading Passage 1 ①A Chinese scientist, He Jiankui of Southern University of Science and Technology, claimed in a video on Nov. 25, 2018 that he had used CRISPR-Cas9 to edit embryos for seven couples, with two twin girls resulting so far. He said his goal was to try to make the babies resistant to HIV. What's behind the creation? ②As he said, the tool He Jiankui used to create the babies is called CRISPR-Cas9—a gene-editing tool that has been discovered in recent years. This relatively easy way to edit genes makes it possible to operate on DNA to supply a needed gene or disable one that is causing problems. ③CRISPR is a guide molecule (分子) made of RNA, which targets a specific site on the DNA double helix (双螺旋). CRISPR is attached to Cas9, a bacterial enzyme(酶) that works as a pair of "molecular scissors" to cut the DNA at the exact point required. He Jiankui sought to disable a gene called CCR5 that forms a protein doorway that allows HIV, the virus that causes Aids, to enter a cell. ④He said the gene editing occurred during the following process. First, sperm was “washed” to separate it from semen, in which HIV can hide. Next, a single sperm was placed into a single egg to create an embryo. Then the gene-editing tool was added. Is this helpful? ⑤“I believe this is going to help the families and their children,” He Jiankui said. “Society will decide what to do next in terms of allowing or forbidding such science.” ⑥However, many mainstream scientists think it's too unsafe to try. “If true, this experiment is monstrous,” said Julian Savulescu, a professor of practical ethics at the University of Oxford. “Gene editing is experimental and capable of causing social and ethical problems.” 1. What is the purpose of the passage? 2. What do the underlined "that" in paragraph 3 refer to respectively? 3. What does the word “monstrous” mean in the last paragraph? 4. Which of the following statement is true? A. CRISPR-Cas9 was used in the first step of the creation. B. CRISPR made of a bacterial enzyme is used to edit certain genes. C. CCR5 is a protein that allows HIV to enter a cell. D. The chosen sperm should be processed first to avoid HIV virus. 5. What is the attitude of Professor Julian Savulescu mentioned in the last paragraph towards the claimed creation? 6. What is the author's attitude towards the claimed creation?

高考英语阅读理解解题方法(四个方法)

高考英语阅读理解——出题与解题方法（杨老师） 应用文（抓题干）广告、通知记叙文（划时、人、事）说明文（找主题句）特点：分值重，知识广，篇幅大，用时多。题型上主要有细节题、推理题、主旨题、猜词题等。 开卷准备：九字真诀不要怕，划一划（划主题，难句，划核心词），X一X（答题时） 一、细节理解题（标记定位法） 一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题(细1)，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题(细2)，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案切不可望文生义。特别注意句子的逻辑关系。如：表因果的because, since, as等；表转折的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。 二、推理判断题（用细节推） 考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有：We can infer/learn from the（last） paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The passage implies/suggests that. What can be concluded from the passage? The author's purpose of writing the passage is.这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 三、语义猜测题（构词法、语境法） 要注意从以下三个方面着手： 1）标点符号或同位语部分，and或or猜 2）根据对比、因果关系猜 but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表转折，because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词， 3）根据构词法知识猜测词义：UN- IN- IM-- dis mis 派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。 Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. 四、主旨大意题（重点）哪怕没读懂全文，懂了中心句，一样能做对题 （寻找主题句）文章主题与段落主题 一般来说，文章主题都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词，如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。 其常用提问方式主要有：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the selection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passages mainly about等。

(英语)高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编

（英语）高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential (潜能) to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president. American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults. As we all know, school work is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn from natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so. Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it. （1）From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to . A. the social skills than Chinese parents B. their children's studying hard and well C. what their children want but they can't D. extra activities than schoolwork （2）According to the passage, Chinese parents . A. know more than American parents to educate their children B. owning ambition and confidence is necessary and important C. pay much more attention to their children's fine future D. don't encourage their children to participate in extra activities （3）From the passage, we can infer . A. American children are brave and adventurous B. American children are more active in their studies C. Chinese children have the ability to communicate effectively D. something should be done to develop the potential of the children in China （4）What's the writer's attitude towards Chinese education reform? A. Neutral. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Negative. 【答案】（1）A

高三英语阅读理解(带详解)

I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. ―I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.‖ He laughed, ―You’ll give me a quarter for my story?‖ I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself –―Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.‖ I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. ―I was in the army,‖ he said. ―I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance.‖ I listened carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. ―I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,‖ he said. ―One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.‖ The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? ―I have no regrets,‖ the homeless man said. ―I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed anyone in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.‖ He continued, ―I can live with being homeless—that’s okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with killing innocent people.‖ On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order

[高考英语说明文的阅读理解]高考英语说明文的阅读技巧

[高考英语说明文的阅读理解]高考英语说明文的阅读技巧 【--高考祝福语】 高考英语说明文阅读技巧“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

一、说明文阅读理解的特征一般说来，英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。 1. Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2. What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3. When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4. How：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。 二．说明文阅读理解的类型掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说，高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种： 1. 细节理解题 说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y)、Second(1y)、Third(1y)Finally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处

高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.

2019高考英语阅读理解说明文答题方法

2019高考英语阅读理解说明文答题方法 1.文体概述 说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。它通过对实体事物(如仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说，或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律)的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词、科学小品等。 2.说明文题材 题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。如：介绍科学领域的最新成果、机器的制造过程、产品工艺流程或使用说明、工程项目的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原因和解决办法、人文地理知识等。 3.说明顺序 时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(如因果、现象与本质)。 4.说明方法 为了把事物的本质特征说清楚，或者把事理阐述明白，常用下列说明方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。

5.结构特点 1)总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述； 2)现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相关启示。 6.语言特点 高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材，文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长句难句。因学术性强、抽象度高，解题的难度相对较大。7.说明文阅读理解的特征 英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who →What→When→Where→How→Why。 1) Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2) What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3) When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4) How：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5) Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 8.阅读方法 阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时须注意： 1) 注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。

高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧大全

高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧大全 一、四选一型阅读 高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类：细节题、推理题、主旨大意题、词义句意猜测题、结构顺序题。 1、细节题解题技巧 细节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后实行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出准确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节实行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是使用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项实行比较从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。 现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧： （1）关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就能够在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。 As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2020，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. （2020年高考英语北京A篇） What happened to the author in 2020？ A. She flew an airplane

高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析

高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony (殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide. As early as 1834, an English lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies' Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls' school for Chinese girls, which was soon followed by the opening of a boys' school. Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion, taste, and the wants of the country, than to allow me to attend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons to learning English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaff's School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God. （1）How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaff's school? A. Through his father's friend's help. B. Through his own efforts to exams. C. Through his father's request. D. Through Mrs. Gutzlaff's influence. （2）Why did the author's parents put him into an English school？ A. An English school was more influential. B. Foreign trade with China was developing fast. C. It met with Chinese public opinion. D. He could become a successful interpreter. （3）What did the author think of his parents' decision to put him into an English school? A. It was skeptical. B. It was mysterious. C. It was thoughtful. D. It was wonderful.【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小时候父亲送作者去英语学校而不是中文学校，并分析了具体原因。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school”可知，作者是通过父亲朋友的帮助进入到Mrs.

高考英语阅读理解()(说明文)

Day 7阅读理解(7)(说明文) Passage 1 文体：说明文词数：403 限时：8分钟Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners. One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine(跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot(赤脚). Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study. They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels. The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine. The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland. They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always