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2010翻译笔记

2010翻译笔记
2010翻译笔记

Lesson 21 2010年翻译真题精解

一、2010年英译汉试题

One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.

When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.

It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.

(48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit, real or fancied, to itself.

Some species of trees h ave been “read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.

To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.

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二、题目精解

46. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

自我演练:

.

参考译文:科学家们匆忙营救,但提出的证据显然站不住脚,其大意是,如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,昆虫便会吞噬我们的人类。

结构分析:Scientists jumped to the rescue {with some distinctly shaky evidence} (to the effect) (that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them). 该句的主干结构是划线部分;大括弧部分是介词with短语做伴随状语,修饰jump,表示伴随的状况;介词to短语做后置定语修饰evidence;后面小括弧部分是that引导的同位语从句以对effect进行解释。

知识链接:

jump vi. (此处意为)匆忙做

例如:to jump to a conclusion匆忙下结论

rescue vt./ n. 营救, 救援

例如:They rescued the child from drowning.

他们救出了那个溺水儿童。

注:本句中rescue属名词词性,常用搭配to the rescue 去救助

例如:to go/fly/jump to the rescue of a stranded ship 去/飞去/匆忙去救助一艘搁浅的船

distinctly ad. 清楚地;无疑地

例如:The teacher pronounces distinctly.

老师发音很清晰。

She was distinctly lukewarm about my idea.

她无疑对我的观点不感兴趣。

shaky a.摇晃的;颤抖的;不稳固的;不可靠的

例如:a shaky table摇晃的桌子/a shaky voice 颤抖的声音

shaky foundations不稳固的基础/shaky evidence 不可靠的证据

to the effect that大意是;以便

例如:He issued a statement to the effect that he would resign.

他发表了一项声明,大意是他将辞职。

He started early to the effect that he might get there on time.

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他一早动身,以便按时赶到那里。

eat up 吃完;(喻)吞噬

例如:Eat up your dinner before it gets cold.

趁热把饭吃了。

She ate him up with her eyes.

她贪婪地望着他。(她的眼神吞噬了他)。

47. but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

自我演练:

.

参考译文:但是我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值,它们自有生存下去的权利。

结构分析:but we have at least drawn nearer the point {of admitting [that birds should continue (as a matter of intrinsic right), (regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us)].} 该句的主干结构是划线部分;大括弧部分是介词of短语做后置定语,修饰point;中括弧部分是that引导的名词性从句做admitting 的宾语(即宾语从句);在宾语that从句中,两个小括弧部分分别做方式状语(as…)和让步状语(regardless of…)共同修饰continue。

知识链接:

draw vi.(本句中意为)移动, 来临

例如:The train drew slowly into the crowded plateform.

火车徐徐驶进挤满了人的站台。

The National Day is drawing closer.

国庆节越来越近了。

as a matter of作为…(事情)

例如:as a matter of accident/course/fact/opinion作为一个意外事件/一个理所当然的事情/事实/观点各异的问题

intrinsic a. 固有的, 内在的

例如:The intrinsic worth of the pen is 30 yuan.

这支钢笔本身价值是30元。

The character is intrinsic.

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性格是内在的。

regardless of不管,不顾

例如:Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower.

他不顾危险地爬上了高塔。

presence n. 出席;存在

例如:Your presence at the party is requested.

敬请光临。

He was calm in the presence of danger.

危险当前(存在),他镇定自若。

absence n. 缺席,不在场;缺乏,不存在

例如:She called in your absence.

你不在时她打过电话。

A major problem is the absence of water.

主要的问题是缺水。

48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.

自我演练:

. 参考译文:曾经有段时间,生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据,即这些生物

通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康,或者说它们仅仅捕食没有价值的物种。

结构分析:Time was {when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence} [that these creatures preserve the health of game (by killing the physically weak)], or [that they prey only on “worthless” species.]该句主语是Time,谓语是系动词was,大括弧部分是when引导的表语从句;两个中括弧表达由or连接,是两个that引导的同位语从句,共同修饰evidence,对其内容作出解释;第一个that从句中的小括弧部分是介词by短语做方式状语,修饰preserve,表示其发生的方式。

知识链接:

Time was when…(句型)曾经有个时候….

例如:Time was when I hated English.

我曾经很讨厌英语。

biologist n. 生物学家

例如:The biologist advanced a new theory of life.

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这位生物学家提出了一个有关生命的新学说。

somewhat ad. 稍微,在某种程度上

例如:I am feeling somewhat sick.

我觉得有些不舒服。

overwork vt. 使工作过度;滥用,过度使用

例如:You mustn’t overwork yourself.

你切不可工作过度。

an overworked excuse用的过滥的借口

preserve vt.保护;维持,保持

例如:We must preserve our natural resources.

我们必须保护自然资源。

It is the duty of the police to preserve public order.

维持公共秩序是警察的职责。

game n. (本句中意为)(总称)猎物,野禽

例如:Lions and tigers are big game.

狮子和老虎是大猎物。

physically ad. 身体上;实际上;(口)完全地,确实地

例如:Emotionally and physically I was on the ropes.

我在感情上、身体上都快支持不住了。

He supposes that there is a Heaven phsically above the earth.

他认为地球之上确(实际上)有一个天国。

It’s physically impossible for me to finish the work by lunchtime.

午饭前完成这些工作是完全不可能的。

prey n.被捕食的动物, 猎物;捕食(习性)

vi. 捕食;(喻)折磨

例如:The lion was hunting for its prey.

狮子在寻找猎物。

A tiger is a beast of prey.

老虎是食(捕食)肉的野兽。

Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.

弱肉强食(捕食)。

This problem has been preying on my mind all day.

这个问题折磨了我一整天。

species n. 物种

例如:The species is valuable.

这一物种很珍贵。

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49.In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.

自我演练:

.

参考译文:在林业生态更为发达的欧洲,没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员,并得到相应的保护。

结构分析:[In Europe], {where forestry is ecologically more advanced}, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members (of the native forest community), (to be preserved as such), [within reason]. 该句的主干结构是划线部分;中括弧表达是介词In短语做地点状语;大括弧部分是where引导的非限制性定语从句修饰Europe,对其进行补充说明;斜体部分as members和recognized是搭配,此句中可理解为主语补足语,修饰species;两个小括弧部分分别是介词of短语和不定式to短语做后置定语,修饰memebers;第二个小括弧部分里的斜体表达是介词as短语做方式状语,修饰preserved,表示其发生的方式,as意思是“作为”,such代替前面的members;最后面的中括弧部分在理解上有难度:在这里它应该理解为介词as短语做方式状语,修饰谓语动词recognized,表示其发生的方式。

知识链接:

forestry n. 林学,造林术

例如:advancerd forestry of Europe欧洲先进的造林术

ecologically ad. 生态方面地

例如:The oil spill is ecologically disastrous.

这次石油外溢对生态来讲是场灾难。

advanced a. 先进的,高级的

例如:the advanced countries in science and technology 科技先进的国家noncommercial a. 非商业化的,和商业无关的

例如:This is a noncommercial promotion.

该宣传是非商业化的。

r ecognize…as…认出…是…;承认…是…

例如:I finally recognized him as a fraud.

我最后看出他是个骗子。

He recgnized John as his lawful heir.

他承认约翰是自己的合法继承人。

native a. 出生地的,当地的n. 当地人;土生的物,原产物

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例如:one’s native land 自己的(出生地的)祖国/ native customs 当地风俗

a native of Wales 威尔士当地人

The kangaroo is a native of Australia.

袋鼠是澳大利亚的土生动物。

community n. 社区;社会, 大众;共有,共享;团体,界;(动植物的)群落例如:to do some viluntary work in the community在社区做义工The job of a politician is to serve the whole community.

政治家的职责是为服务大众/社会。

The two men were united by community of interests.

共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。

He refuses to join any community.

他不参加任何团体。

the medical community医疗界

the sea community海洋生物群落

within reason(=in reason)合情理的(地),正当的(地)

例如:It is not within reason to ask him to do that.

要他做这事是不合情理的。

50.It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

自我演练:

. 参考译文:这种保护系统往往忽视并因此最终淘汰陆地群落中的许多要素,这些因素虽然缺乏商业价值,但对该系统的健康运行至关重要。

结构分析:It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements (in the land community) (that lack commercial value), but (that are essential to its healthy functioning).该句的主干结构是划线部分:It指代“保护系统”,充当主语,谓语动词是tends,后面是and连接的两个不定式短语(to ignore…and…to eliminate…)和tends形成搭配,做其逻辑宾语;第一个小括弧部分是介词in短语做后置定语,修饰elements;后面两个大括弧部分是but连接的两个并列的由that引导的定语从句,共同修饰elements,所以elements共有三个后置定语。注:两个that引导

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词后面的动词lack和are都是复数形式,所以that指代的对象不可能是community。

知识链接:

eventually ad. 最终

例如:He hated his stepfather and eventually ran away from home.

他痛恨自己的继父, 最终从家中逃走了。

eliminate vt. 排除;淘汰;干掉

例如:to eliminate all errors from the typescript排除打字稿上所有的错误。

Our team was eliminated in the first round.

我们队在第一轮中被淘汰。

The dictator had eliminated all his political opponents.

独裁者干掉了他所有的政敌。

element n. 成分, 要素

例如:Cells are the elements of the human body.

细胞是人体的基本要素。

commercial a.商业的n. (电台或电视)广告

例如:His new record is much too commercial.

他的新唱片太商业化了。

to run commercials 经营广告节目

essential a. 极为重要的,必不可少的;本质的, 基本的

例如:It is essential for us to know all the facts.

对我们来说, 了解所有的事实是必不可少的。

There are essential differences between the two.

这两者之间有本质的区别。

function n.功能,作用;职责vi. 运行, 起作用

例如:the function of the heart心脏的功能/作用

the function of the judge法官的职责

The machine will not function properly if it is not kept well-oiled.

机器没有上好油, 就不会顺利地运转。

三、参考译文

在完全基于经济动机的保护系统中,一个根本的弱点是,陆地群落的大

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多数成员毫无经济价值。然而,这些生物都是生物群落的成员,如果生物群落的稳定取决于它的完整,那么它们就有权继续生存下去。

当某种非经济类生物受到威胁,并且我们碰巧也喜欢它的时候,我们会编造种种借口使它具有经济意义。本世纪初,人们认为鸣禽将会消失。(46)科学家们匆忙营救,但提出的证据显然站不住脚,其大意是,如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。这种证据必须是经济方面的,方才具有效力。

今天读到这些牵强的说法是痛苦的。至今我们尚无陆地道德标准。(47)但是我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值,它们自有生存下去的权利。

在食肉哺乳动物和食鱼鸟类方面也存在着类似的情况。(48)曾经有段时间,生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据,即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康,或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值的”物种。这里再次出现了这样的情形:证据必须是经济方面的,方会具有效力。我们只是近些年来才听到更为诚实的观点,即食肉动物是生物群落的成员,任何特殊的利益团体都无权为了自己真实或幻想的利益而消灭它们。

某些树种已被有经济头脑的森林管理员“开除出局”,有的是因为这些树种生长速度过慢,还有的是因为销售价值过低而不值得花钱把它们当作林业作物。(49)在林业生态更为发达的欧洲,没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员,并得到相应的保护。此外,已发现一些树种在增强土壤肥沃程度方面具备有宝贵的作用。森林以及构成森林的树种、陆地植物群和动物群之间的相互依存是理所当然的。

总之,仅仅立足于经济私利的保护系统是不均衡的,是没有希望的。(50)这种保护系统往往忽视并因此最终丧失陆地群落中的许多要素,这些因素虽然缺乏商业价值,但对该系统的健康运行至关重要。这种系统错误地认为生物钟里面的经济部分没有非经济部分的存在也能运转。

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2012年高考英语全国卷1完形填空翻译和精析

2012年高考英语全国卷1完形填空翻译和精析2012年高考英语全国卷1完形填空为读者解释了肢体语言的重要性。这个经常被人们忽视却占据了人们表意的50%的强大语言会在不同文化之间交流时,给人们带来极大的帮助。提醒读者,在生活中要善于利用肢体语言,善于发现肢体语言的作用。 Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 36 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 37 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal(非语言)communication takes up about 50% of what we really 38 . And body language is particularly 39 when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so 40 a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 41 , different societies treat the 42 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 43 contact(接触)even with friends, and certainly not with 44 . People from Latin American countries 45 touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in 46 , it may look like a Latino is 47 a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 48 . The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 49 - which the Latino will in return regard as 50 . Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 51 . And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from 52 cultures, there's a strong possibility of 53 . But whatever the situation, the best 54 is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 55 . 2012年高考英语全国卷1完形填空翻译: 肢体语言是安静的,秘密的,也是所有语言中最强大的。它远远胜过说出的语言。专家指出,我们的身体发出的信息比我们所了解的更多。事实上,非语言交流占据了我们真正意思的50%。当我们试图跨文化交流时,肢体语言尤为重要。确实,所谓的肢体语言是我们如此大的一部分,而事实上它却经常被忽视。误解也就由此而来。例如,不同的社会对待人与人之间的距离就截然不同。北欧人通常不喜欢身体接触,即便是朋友,所以更不可能跟陌生人。另一方面,拉丁美洲的人身体接触却比较多。因此,在谈话中有可能时一个拉丁人跟着一个挪威人在房间里走动。为了表达友好的拉丁人会一直靠近。而挪威人有可能觉得这种行为非常粗鲁,所以他会一直后退,保持距离—拉丁人会认为这是一种冷漠。 诚然,当人们在交谈时很多事情都在发生。但是,只有很少一部分在语言本身当中。当交谈双方来自不同文化时,误解是极有可能发生的。但是,不管是什么样的情形,最好的建议是遵守这个黄金法则:像你希望被对待的那样对待别人。

最新北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记(近10万字

北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记(近10万 字)

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