最新高考英语精品专题复习-改错专项练习——改错精要以及单句改错专项

单句改错专项 by veronica

（一）多词

1、多冠词

Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd．【重要提示】：〈1〉不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。 Modern people know more about the health，have better food，and．．．〈2〉与by连用的交通工具及air，land，sea等名词前不用冠词。by bike骑自行车，by sea由海路，乘船〈3〉有些名词（如：school，class，hospital， church，prison，bed， table，town等）与相应介词连用，表示有关活动时，不用冠词。 go to school去上学，in prison坐牢，at table在吃饭〈4〉球类运动、棋类游戏前，不用冠词。 play basketball打篮球，play chess下棋〈5〉most 作“非常”解时，前面不用定冠词 the。 She is most pretty．她非常漂亮。〈6〉as或though引导让步状语从句，构成倒装结构，前置的名词不用任何冠词。Child as he is，he knows a lot．虽然他只是孩子，知道的却很多。

2、多介词

①We practise for three times every week．．．．②．．．but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together．【重要提示】：

〈1〉last night，next week，this year，one day，three times等名词词组直接充当时间状语，前面不用介词。〈2〉有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词，在英语中却是及物动词，由于受汉语影响，可能多一个介词。 serve for the people；follow after the teacher；marry with her；make him as our monitor； play with Tom in a match 〈3〉有些表示地点的副词，其意义中已包含to，如果再加to，则多余。 on one's way to there，return to home，go to upstairs 〈4〉有些副词或介词词组后加另一个介词，构成复合介词，若后面没有介词宾语，介词则多余。同样，有些动词短语是“动词＋介词”结构，若后面没有介词宾语，介词则多余。① If you won't go，I'll go instead of．

② She listened to but heard nothing． (look at)

〈5〉有些动词或形容词后接名词或代词时，须加一个介词，但接从句时，必须去掉介词。

①I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting．

②I am sorry for that he won't come．

3、词义重叠 Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher．【重要提示】

〈1〉有些词受汉语影响，多一副词或介词，造成词义重叠

return back回来，repeat again重复，flee away逃走，enter into进入，blue colour 蓝色， stop down停下来，raise up举起来，unpack open打开，set down, rise up 〈2〉定语从句中的一个宾语，已由关系代词取代，再用一个代词是多余的。

I do remember you having apologized to the old lady I met her last week．〈3〉单音节的形容词或副词比较等级加-er、-est，多音节加more、most，但二者不能同时重叠使用。 As a result，people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past．

4、出现冗言现象

Today I visited the Smiths—my first time visit to an American family．

【重要提示】

〈1〉状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。〈2〉充当状语的介词短语与主句之间多一

关系代词或关系副词。

〈3〉充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。〈4〉从属连词后多一个that。〈5〉复合宾语前多一个that。

( )Though he tried his best，but he failed．

( )The more he has，and the more he wants．

( )Sitting down，and he began to work．

( )In the last five years that they have climbed churches ．．．

( )．．．in other places where you are limited to a certain number．．．

( )I found that her lying on the ground．

( )She was absent from the meeting because that she was ill．

5、固定搭配中多词

①I was used to watch it every night．②．．．in any other words，I am an only child．【析】in other words为固定搭配，意为“换句话说”，而any other意为“任何别的…”，与本文上下文不符。

6、行文逻辑上多词 First，let me tell you something more about myself．

（二）缺词

1、名词前缺限定词

Each player must obey∧captain，who is the leader of the team．the 【析】此处应加上the，特指“球队的队长”。【重要提示】：

〈1〉在“so＋形容词＋可数名词单数”结构中，名词前不能缺a或an。

This is so good a book that we will buy it．＝This is such a good book that we will buy it．

〈2〉little，few表示肯定时，前面不能缺a，意为“一些”。

a little water，但是“每隔几分钟”应说成 every few minutes。

〈3〉有些不可数名词（如：metal，beauty， iron，tea，coffee，ice，youth，pleasure，success，failure等），表示“一种”、“一个”、“一杯”时，应加上a或an。

Work is a pleasure to me．

〈4）“the ＋姓氏复数”表示一家人时，the不能省。 The Browns like to go skating．〈5〉表示“两者之中比较……的一个”时，比较级前应加the。 He is the taller of the two boys．

〈6〉在句中可数名词不可单独使用，前面应有限定词，如his，that，Tom's ，the ，a等。

When we walked to the car，Bill smiled and shook∧head．（his）

2、缺动词不定式符号to ．．．and will do all they can∧make sure that I get a good education．（to）

【重要提示】

〈1〉不定式作后置定语，不定式符号to不能省。

But then there are always more mysteries∧ look into．(to)

〈2〉一般说来，两个实义动词不能并列使用，中间常用to连接。

The World Health Organization and other organizations are working∧improve health all over the world．(to)

〈3〉feel，hear，let，make，have，see，notice，watch，observe等动词变成被动结构时，充当主语补足语的不定式不能省去to。

Little Tom was made to do heavy work．

〈4〉为了避免重复前面的动词，后面的不定式常常省略，但要保留不定式符号to。

We wanted to go to the lecture，but we weren't able to．

3、缺系动词

They∧eager to know everything about China．．．were 【析】eager为形容词，必须加系动词构成系表结构。【重要提示】：

〈1〉由于受汉语的影响，有些形容词作表语时，常常缺系动词。 She ∧afraid of her boss． (is)

〈2〉在被动结构中，由于缺少助动词，变成了主动语态，造成错误。

．．．and let you know when the book you want has∧ returned and is ready for you to pickup．(been)

4、缺介词．．．but the others spent a lot∧time arguing．．．(of) 【析】a lot of 是固定习语，意为“许多，大量”，后加宾语。【重要提示】：

改错题对介词的考查，重点是一些固定搭配，再如：When I have free time I go∧a long walk，．．．for，因此，同学们在学习和复习中应牢记一些固定搭配。

5、缺连词

In one class，I learned ∧ it rained．(why) 【析】本句缺连词，造成句子成份残缺，只有加上why，句子的意义才完整。【重要提示】：

〈1〉在汉语中，分句与分句之间往往不用连词，但在英语中却不行。 It began to rain，and they had to stop working．

〈2〉受母语影响，几个同类词并列连用时，它们之间往往缺一连词。

①I told Mother，Father，Sister，∧all my friends here what a great time I had．(and)

②He looked inside but saw nothing．

〈3〉that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that常常不能省。

That light travels in straight line is known to all．

〈4〉引导同位语从句的连词that，when等常不可省。

①The doctors came to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancer．

②I have no idea when he will return．

〈5〉在even if，even though，as if，as though等短语中，第二个连词不能缺少。He walks as if ／though he were drunk．

（三）错词

1、可数名词单复数误用 She said that she and all my schoolmate wished me success，．．．(schoolmates)

【重要提示】：

对名词单复数的考查是高考的热点之一，几乎每年考查一处。因此，为了对名词错误判断准确，应该：〈1〉要弄清名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。 We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream．(water)

〈2〉要掌握好可数名词复数的变化规则。 There are branch library in many villages． (libraries)

〈3〉要注意一些名词单复数的特殊变化。

〈4〉要熟练运用名词的所有格。

2、时态误用

①I learn about you from my English teacher，M iss Fang．(learned)

②I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time．．．(was)【重要提示】：

动词时态是短文改错考查的热点之一，一般说来，每年考查一处，而且近几年高考主要考查现在时与过去时的误用。

3、非谓语动词误用

①It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home． (drive) ②Play football not only makes us grow up…(playing) 【重要提示】：

〈1〉V-ing形式作主语、宾语或状语是考查热点之一。

①I'll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it．(preparing)

②After learn the basics of the subject， nothing else seemed very practical to me．( learning)

〈2〉过去分词与现在分词的区别是另一考查热点。此时重点要看分词与主语或逻辑主语的关系。

After an hour or so，we began to feel very frightening．(frightened)

〈3〉情态动词后应用动词原形，却误用了非谓语动词。

David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village．(lead)

〈4〉被动语态中的过去分词误用成动词原形。

Books may be keep for four weeks．(kept)〈5〉掌握好动词不定式带to与不带to 的差异。

〈6〉有些动词后接不定式，有些动词后接动名词，应牢记这些动词。

4、主谓不一致

Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit．(gives) 【重要提示】：

〈1〉谓语动词的单复数一般取决于前面主语的单复数。 Anyone may borrow books，and it cost nothing to borrow them．(costs)

〈2〉not only．．．but also，neither．．．nor．．．，either．．．or．．．等并列连词联接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应采取就近一致原则。

〈3〉There be结构中，谓语动词也应采取就近一致原则。

But then there is always more mysteries to look into．are

〈4〉注意把集合名词（如：family，class， team等）和不定代词（如：all ，none 等）放在具体语境中，判断其谓语动词的单复数。

5、代词不一致

①The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home．(their)②Now someone at home reads instead． (everyone ／everybody)【重要提示】：

〈1〉根据上下文判断，出现了代词不一致。

And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game．(we) 〈2〉倾向于考查学生对不定代词、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词以及代词的主格与宾格等诸方面知识的掌握与运用能力。 And I can't forget the good food you cooked for I ．(me)

〈3〉人称代词性别上的误用也是常见的错误形式之一。

6、连词误用

①She said that she and my schoolmates all wished me success，but it didn't matter that I would win or not．(whether) 【析】it为形式主语，whether I would win or not是真正的主语，意为“我是否能赢”。

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