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全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试学前卫生学试题历年试卷及答案

全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试学前卫生学试题历年试卷及答案
全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试学前卫生学试题历年试卷及答案

全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试

学前卫生学试题

课程代码:00385

一、单项选择题(本大题共16小题,每小题1分,共16分)

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.正常新生儿每分钟呼吸约()

A.40次

B.30次

C.20次

D.16次

2.婴幼儿智力发育的最大威胁是缺乏()

A.碘

B.锌

C.钙

D.铁

3.患坏血病是因为缺乏()

A.维生素A

B.维生素B

C.维生素C

D.维生素D

4.佝偻病的发生是由于缺乏()

A.维生素A

B.维生素B

C.维生素C

D.维生素D

5.阳台、屋顶平台的护栏净高不应

..小于()

A.0.8米

B.1米

C.1.2米

D.1.4米

6.属于空气飞沫传播的疾病是()

A.猩红热

B.甲型肝炎

C.蛔虫病

D.细菌性痢疾

7.属于虫媒传播的疾病是()

A.百日咳

B.乙型肝炎

C.麻疹

D.流行性乙型脑炎

8.3~6岁儿童每日需食牛奶或豆浆()

A.100克

B.150克

C.200克

D.250克

9.1~3岁儿童每日需食蔬菜()

A.50克

B.100克

C.100~150克

D.150~200克

10.空气浴锻炼最好开始于()

A.春季

B.夏季

C.秋季

D.冬季

11.儿童活动室、音体活动室的窗台距地面高度不宜

..大于()

A.0.4米

B.0.6米

C.0.8米

D.1米

12.儿童乳牙共有()

A.28颗

B.26颗

C.20颗

D.18颗

13.产热营养素有()

A.三类

B.四类

C.五类

D.六类

14.假如小儿未流鼻血,大便成柏油样,则表示发生了哪一部位的出血?()

A.呼吸道

B.泌尿系统

C.消化道

D.运动系统

15.人体最重要、最经济的能量来源是()

A.脂类

B.糖类

C.米面类

D.谷类

16.保护易感儿童的有效措施是有计划地进行()

A.人工被动免疫

B.非特异性免疫

C.卫生教育

D.体育锻炼

二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)

请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。

17.一般情况下,合适的幼儿桌椅高差约等于就座人体的_____________坐高。

18._____________是婴儿护理中的重要环节。

19.儿童身高受遗传因素的影响较大,家长应该积极创造良好的_____________环

境,使身高的遗传潜能得以充分发挥。

20.开发_____________潜能和协调左右脑是开发智力的重要途径。

21.小儿突发高烧,且有头痛、喷射性呕吐,皮肤上有出血点,很可能是患了

_____________疾病。

22._____________病毒可引起乙型传染性肝炎。

23.6个月以下小儿若发烧,一般宜采用_____________降温法。

24.日射病是_____________的一种类型。

25.婴幼儿眼球的前后距离较短,物体成像于视网膜的后面,称为_____________。

26.婴儿脑消耗的热能约占总基础代谢热能的_____________,而成人仅占25%。

三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)

判断下列各题,在题后括号中正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”并在原题下改正。

27.破伤风是新生儿常见的意外伤害。()

28.初乳中含多种抗病物质,故应尽早给新生儿“开奶”。()

29.婴幼儿骨骼硬度小,容易发生弯曲,故应注意良好姿势的培养。()

30.婴幼儿尿道短,容易发生上行性感染。()

31.一些蔬菜中含草酸较多,有利钙和铁的吸收。()

32.流行性脑脊髓膜炎是通过蚊虫传播的,流行于夏秋季。()

33.口吃的发生大多是因发音器官或神经系统有缺陷。()

34.给小儿量体温,一般常采用测腋下温度,既安全又卫生。()35.特异性免疫是指生来就具有的免疫功能,它对多种病原微生物有防疫作用。

()

36.冻伤的急救原则是保暖复温,将病儿救护到温暖的屋里。()

四、简答题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分)

37.简述鼻腔异物的处理。

38.简述健康检查的目的。

39.简述婴幼儿神经系统发育的特点。

40.提高母乳喂养成功率的措施有哪些?

41.如何护理腹泻儿童?

五、问答题(本大题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分)

42.如何维护和促进婴幼儿心理健康?

43.试述儿童肥胖症的危害和预防。

44.儿童肢体骨折时,在送医院前,应作哪些紧急处理?

六、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,共16分)

45.如何运用优势原则组织幼儿活动?举例说明。

46.试述环境污染对儿童健康的影响。

七、案例分析题(本大题10分)

47.根据幼儿膳食安排原则和制定膳食计划的要求对幼儿一周食谱)进行分析:在

所选食物、食物相互搭配和烹调方法等方面哪些符合要求?哪些尚需改进?

幼儿一周食谱表

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