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2019年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(19)

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions： There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and

mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a

single line through the centre.

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage：

Every year 100 million holiday—makers are drawn to the Mediterranean.

With one瞭hird of the world's tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted.

It has only 1 per cent of the world's sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on

the coast sends its sewage, untreated, into the sea.

The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill—the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved

around it. And the pollution does not merely keep back life

of the sea—it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores.

The mournful form of disease is caused by sewage. Eighty

瞗ive per centof the waste from the Mediterranean's 120 coastal cities is pushed out in to the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a

mile offshore.

Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesn't take long for these to reach people. Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free

Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in

the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk.

Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round

the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste瞭reatment plant. They do as much damage to the sea as sewage.

But the good news is that the countries of the Mediterranean have been coming together to work out how to save their common sea.

21. The causes of the Mediterranean's pollution is ____.

A) the oil and tar floating on the water

B) many factories put their poison into the sea

C) untreated sewage from the factories and coastal

cities

D) there are some sorts of diseases in the sea

22. Which of following consequence of a polluted sea is not true according to the passage?

A) Bring up so many civilizations.

B) Various diseases in the sea.

C) It threatens the inhabitants and travelers.

D) One in seven chance of getting some sort of disease swimming in the sea.

23. The word “sewage”refer to ____.

A) poison

C) liquid material

B) waste

D) solid material

24. Why does industry do much damage to the sea?

A) Because most factories have proper waste瞭reatment plants.

B) Because many factories have not proper waste瞭reatment plants even the most modern one.

C) Because just the modern factory has a waste treatment plant.

D) Because neither ordinary factories nor most modern ones have proper waste瞭reatment plants.

25. What is the passage mainly about?

A) Save the world.

B) How the people live in the Mediterranean sea.

C) How the industry dangers the sea.

D) Beware the dirty sea.

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：

THE CLASSROOM is a man's world, where boys get two瞭

hirds of the teachers' attention — even when they are in a minority— taunt (辱骂) the girls without punishment, and receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. They are accustomed to being teachers' pets, and if girls get anything like equal treatment, they will protest eagerly and even wreck lessons.

These claims are made in a book out this week, written

by Dale Spender, a lecturer at the London University

Institute of Education. She argues that discrimination

against girls is so deeply in co瞖ducational schools that single sex classes are the only answer.

Her case is based on tape瞨ecordings of her own and other teachers' lessons. Many of them, like Spender, had deliberately set out to give girls a fair chance. “Sometimes,” says Spender, “I have even thought I have gone too far and have spent more time with the girls than

the boys.”

The tapes proved otherwise. In 10 taped lessons (in secondary school and college), Spender never gave the girls more than 42 per cent of her attention (the average was 38 percent) and never gave the boys less than 58 percent. There were similar results for other teachers, both male and female.

In other words, when teachers give girls more than a third of their time, they feel that they are cheating the boys of their rightful share. And so do the boys themselves. “She always asks the girls all the questions,” said one boy in a classroom where 34 per cent of the teachers' time was allocated to girls. “She do esn't like boys, and just listens to the girls.” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of teacher attention.

Boys regarded two瞭hirds of the teacher's time as a

fair deal — and when they got less they caused trouble in class and even complained to higher authority. “It's important to keep their attention,” said one teacher, “Otherwise,they play you up somethin g awful.”

Spender concludes that, in mixed classes, if the girls are as boisterous and pushy as the boys, they are considered “unladylike”, if they are docile and quiet, they are ignored.

26. If boys are better treated in class, ____ would be better.

A) single瞫ex classes and co瞖ducational classes

B) co瞖ducational classes

C) single瞫ex classes

D) None of the above

27. Dale Spender obtained the evidence for her claims by ____.

A) her own lessons in secondary school and college

B) the other teachers' tape瞨ecordings

C) both male and female teachers

D) tape瞨ecordings of her own and other teachers' lessons

28. What are the boy's reactions when girls are given more attention?

A) They will keep the teachers' attention again.

B) They will make some trouble and complain to the headmaster.

C) They will play up the teacher something awful.

D) They will feel they are cheated by teachers.

29. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph probably means ____.

A) rough B) brave

C)troublesome D) emotional

30. The best title for this passage would be ____.

A) boys are teachers' pets

B) boys do better in co瞖ducational classes

C) single瞫ex classes are better than co瞖duationed classes

D) girls do better than boys

答案

Part Ⅱ

短文大意

本文讲的是地中海的污染原因及结果。地中海是旅游胜地，是很多文明的发源地，但是现在的地中海却污染严重。因为很多沿岸的城市、工厂、村庄未经处理就将废物排放入地中海，这样，海中有害物质及废物给细菌病菌的繁殖创造了条件。所以在地中海游泳是很危险的，好在地中海沿岸国家一直在设法挽救其共同的地中海。

21. 答案C。

【参考译文】地中海的污染原因是什么?

【试题分析】此题考查考生区分原因与现象的水平。

【详细解答】 A. 指的是石油和(焦油)漂浮于水面上，这是现象而非原因,所以不准确。B.指出很多工厂将有毒物放进海里。这仅仅一个方面,所以也不准确。C. 谈的是来自工厂和沿海城市中没有经过处理的废物,这在文中提到了,所以为准确答案。D.谈到海中有几种疾病，这也是现象而非原因。

22. 答案A。

【参考译文】根据本文，海洋污染造成的后果中，以下哪项不对?

【试题分析】此题为判断因果关系题。

【详细解答】 A.提供了诸多的文明;B.海洋中各种疾病;C.污染使当地居民和旅行者感到恐惧;D.如果在海里游泳七个人中就有一个会染上疾病。从文章中我们知道B、C、D都是污染所产生出的结果,所以A是准确答案。

23. 答案B。

【试题分析】此题考查考生根据上下文推测单词意义的水平。

【详细解答】 A.有毒物质;B.废物;C.液体材料;D.固体材料。从文中我们知道sewage的含义为废物。

24. 答案B。

【参考译文】为什么工业会给海洋带来更多的危害?

【试题分析】本题为细节判断题，可用排除法。

【详细解答】 A.因为很多工厂有适当的废物处理厂;B.因为很多工厂甚至最现代化的工厂都很少有废物处理厂;C.因为仅仅现代工厂有废物处理工厂; D.因为普通工厂和最现代化工厂都没有废物处理工厂,很明显选项B是准确的。

25. 答案D。

【参考译文】此文的主要大意是什么?

【试题分析】此题考查对全文主旨的理解。

【详细解答】本文讲的是地中海的污染原因及结果。A. 拯救世界, 范围太大,不对。B. 地中海地区的人们是怎样生活的,这也不准确。 C. 工业是如何危害海洋,这仅仅污染的一个方面。 D. 警惕污染了的海洋,这个答案最贴近,所以,D为准确答案。

短文大意

伦敦教育学院的老师Dale Spender认为教室是男孩子的天下，老师的2/3的注意力在男孩身上。男孩子是老师宠爱的对象。她认为单性别课堂是解决老师偏心的方法。她的结论表明，如果老师对男生的注意力如果达不到2/3的话，老师自己也觉得对男孩子们重视不够;男孩子们则会制造麻烦甚至向领导发牢骚。Spender认为在混合班里，如果女孩子安静顺服就易被忽视，否则又会被认为不象女孩。

26. 答案C。

【参考译文】如果男孩在课堂上受待遇更好的话, 那么哪种课堂形式将更好?

【试题分析】此题考查考生对开头两段内容的理解。

【详细解答】 A. 单性别课堂和混合课堂教育更好;B 混合课堂教育更好,正是在混合课堂,男生更吸引老师的注意。 C. 单性别课堂教育更好,这是准确答案,这样就不会有老师偏心的问题。 D.以上的答案都不对。

27. 答案D。

【参考译文】黛尔?斯潘德通过什么证据得出她的这个结论?

【试题分析】此题为寻找并理解具体信息题。

【详细解答】从文中我们得知是通过她自己及其他教师的课堂录音记录。 A. 通过她自己在中学和大学的课堂,显然不准确。 B. 其他教师的课堂记录， C. 男性和女性教师的课堂，也不准确。

28. 答案B。

【参考译文】女孩得到更多注意时,男孩会有何反应?

【试题分析】此题考查考生对文章倒数第二段的理解。

【详细解答】文中提到他们将会制造一些麻烦并向领导抱怨。

A.他们会再次引起老师的注意。

B. 他们会制造麻烦及向领导发牢骚,B 是准确答案。

C.他们将使老师难看;

D.他们将感到他们被老师欺骗, 这仅仅他们的感受而非反应,所以D也不准确。

29. 答案A。

【试题分析】此题考查考生根据语境猜测生词的水平。

【详细解答】 boisterous 的含义是什么。根据下文的unladylike(不像女孩似的),选项中只有rough( 粗鲁的)与之词义最接近。 B.勇敢;C.讨厌的;D. 感情用事的。

30. 答案A。

【参考译文】本文的标题是什么?

【试题分析】此题考查考生对文章主旨的理解。

【详细解答】 A, 男孩是老师的宠物(爱),本文主要篇幅在男生在课堂上如何受偏爱,所以A是准确答案。 B, 男生在混合教育课堂中做得好些。 C, 单性别课堂比混合教育课堂更好。D, 女生比男生做得好。

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