(完整版)基于Android开发的外文文献
Android
Android, as a system, is a Jav-abased operating system that runs on the Linux 2.6 kernel. The system is very lightweight and full featured. Android applications are developed using Java and can
be ported rather easily to the new platform. If you have not yet downloaded Java or are unsure about which version you need, I detail the installation of the development environment in Chapter 2. Other features of Android include an accelerated3-D graphics engine (based on hardware support),
database support powered by SQLite, and an integrated web browser.
If you are familiar with Java programming or are an OOP developer of any sort, you are likely
used to programmatic user interface (UI) development —thaits, UI placement which is handled
directly within the program code. Android, while recognizing and allowing for programmatic UI development, also supports the newer, XML -based UI layout. XML UI layout is a fairly new concept
to the average desktop developer. I will cover both the XML UI layout and the programmatic UI development in the supporting chapters of this book.
One of the more exciting and compelling features of Android is that, because of its architecture,
—are third-party applications —including those that are “home grown
executed with the same system priority as those that are bundled with the core system. This is a
major departure from most systems, which give embedded system apps a greater execution priority
than the thread priority available to apps created by third -party developers. Also, each application is executed within its own thread using a very lightweight virtual machine.
Aside from the very generous SDK and the well -formed libraries that are available to us to
develop with, the most exciting feature for Android developers is that we now have accessto
anything the operating system has accessto. In other words, if you want to create an application that dials the phone, you have access to the phone' s dialer; if you want to create an application that
utilizes the phone GPS (if equipped), you have access to it. The potential for developers to create dynamic and intriguing applications is now wide open.
On top of all the features that are available from the Android side of the equation, Google has thrown in some very tantalizing features of its own. Developers of Android applications will be able to
tie their applications into existing Google offerings such as Google Maps and the omnipresent
Google Search. Suppose you want to write an application that pulls up a Google map of where an
incoming call is emanating from, or you want to be able to store common search results with your contacts; the doors of possibility have been flung wide open with Android.
Chapter 2 begins your journey to Android development. You will learn the how and why' sof using specific development environments or integrated development environments (IDE), and you will download and install the Java IDE Eclipse.
Application Components
A central feature of Android is that one application can make use of elements of other applications (provided those applications permit it). For example, if your application needs to display a scrolling list of images and another application has developed a suitable scroller and made it available to others, you can call upon that scroller to do the work, rather than develop your own. Your application doesn't incorporate the code of the other application or link to it. Rather, it simply starts up that piece of the other application when the need arises.
For this to work, the system must be able to start an application process when any part of it is needed, and instantiate the Java objects for that part. Therefore, unlike applications on most other systems, Android applications don't have a single entry point for everything in the application (no main() function, for example). Rather, they have essential componentsthat the system can instantiate and run as needed. There are four types of components:
Activities
An activity presents a visual user interface for one focused endeavor the user can undertake. For example, an activity might present a list of menu items users can choose from or it might display photographs along with their captions. A text messagingapplication might have one activity that shows a list of contacts to send messages to, a second activity to write the message to the chosen contact, and other
activities to review old messagesor change settings. Though they work together to form a cohesive user interface, each activity is independent of the others. Each one is implemented as a subclass of the Activity base class.
An application might consist of just one activity or, like the text messaging application just mentioned, it may contain several. What the activities are, and how many there are depends, of course, on the application and its design. Typically, one of the activities is marked as the first one
that should be presented to the user when the application is launched. Moving from one activity to another is accomplished by having the current activity start the next one.
Each activity is given a default window to draw in. Typically, the window fills the screen, but it might be smaller than the screen and float on top of other windows. An activity can also make use of additional windows —for e-xuapmdpilael,oag pop
that calls for a user response in the midst of the activity, or a window that presents users with vital information when they select a particular item on-screen.
—object The visual content of the window is provided by a hierarchy of views derived from the
base View class. Each view controls a particular rectangular space within the window. Parent views contain and organize the layout of their children. Leaf views (those at the bottom of the hierarchy) draw in the rectangles they control and respond to user actions directed at that space. Thus, views
are where the activity's interaction with the user takes place.
For example, a view might display a small image and initiate an action when the user taps that image. Android has a number of read-ymade views that you can use including buttons, text fields, scroll bars, menu items, check boxes, and more.
A view hierarchy is placed within an activity's window by the Activity.setContentView() method. The content view is the View object at the root of the hierarchy. (See the separate User Interface document for more information on views and the hierarchy.)
Services
A service doesn't have a visual user interface, but rather runs in the background for an
indefinite period of time. For example, a service might play background music as the user attends to other matters, or it might fetch data over the network or calculate something and provide the result to activities that need it. Each service extends the Service base class.
A prime example is a media player playing songs from a play list. The player application would
probably have one or more activities that allow the user to choose songs and start playing them. However, the music playback itself would not be handled by an activity because users will expect the music to keep playing even after they leave the player and begin something different. To keep the music going, the media player activity could start a service to run in the background. The system would then keep the music playback service running even after the activity that started it leaves the screen.
It's possible to connect to (bind to) an ongoing service (and start the service if it's not already running). While connected, you can communicate with the service through an interface that the service exposes. For the music service, this interface might allow users to pause, rewind, stop, and restart the playback.
Like activities and the other components, services run in the main thread of the application process. So that they won't block other components or the user interface, they often spawn another thread for time-consuming tasks (like music playback). See Processes and Threads, later.
Broadcast receivers
A broadcast receiver is a component that does nothing but receive and react to broadcast announcements. Many broadcasts originate in system code —for example, announcements that the timezone has changed, that the battery is low, that a picture has been taken, or that the user changed a language preference. Applications can also initiate broadcasts —for example, to let other applications know that some data has
been downloaded to the device and is available for them to use.
An application can have any number of broadcast receivers to respond to any announcementsit considers important. All receivers extend the BroadcastReceiver base class.
Broadcast receivers do not display a user interface. However, they may start an
activity in response to the information they receive, or they may use the NotificationManager to alert the user. Notifications can get the user's attention in various ways —flashing the backlight, vibrating the device, playing a sound, and so on. They typically place a persistent icon in the status bar, which users can open to get the message.
Content providers
A content provider makes a specific set of the application's data available to other applications. The data can be stored in the file system, in an SQLite database, or in any other manner that makes
sense. The content provider extends the ContentProvider base class to implement a standard set of methods that enable other applications to retrieve and store data of the type it controls. However, applications do not call these methods directly. Rather they use a ContentResolver object and call its methods instead. A ContentResolver can talk to any content provider; it cooperates with the provider to manage any interprocess communication that's involved.
See the separateContent Providers document for more information on using content providers.
Whenever there's a request that should be handled by a particular component, Android makes sure that the application process of the component is running, starting it if necessary, and that an appropriate instance of the component is available, creating the instance if necessary.
Key Skills & Concepts
? Creating new Android projects
? Working with Views
? Using a TextView
? Modifying the main.xml file
Creating Your First Android Project in Eclipse
To start your first Android project, open Eclipse. When you open Eclipse for the first time, it opens to an empty development environment (see Figure 5-1), which is where you want to begin. Your first task is to set up and name the workspace for your application. Choose File | New | Android Project, which will launch the New Android
Project wizard.
CAUTION Do not select Java Project from the New menu. While Android applications are written in Java, and you are doing all of your development in Java projects, this option will create a standard Java application. Selecting Android Project enables you to create Android-specific applications.If you do not see the option for Android Project, this indicates that the Android plugin for Eclipse was not fully or correctly installed. Review the procedure in Chapter 3 for installing the Android plugin for Eclipse to correct this.
The New Android Project wizard creates two things for you
A shell application that ties into the Android SDK, using the android.jar file, and ties the project into the Android Emulator. This allows you to code using all of the Android libraries and packages,and also lets you debug your applications in the proper environment.
Your first shell files for the new project. These shell files contain some of the vital application blocks upon which you will be building your programs. In much the same way as creating a Microsoft .NET application in Visual Studio generates some Windows-created program code in your files, using the Android Project wizard in Eclipse generates your initial program files and some Android -created code. In addition, the New Android Project wizard contains a few options, shown next, that you must set to initiate your Android project. For the Project Name field, for purposes of this example, use the title HelloWorldText. This name sufficiently distinguishes this Hello World! project from the others that you will be creating in this chapter.In the Contents area, keep the default selections: the Create New Project in Workspace radio button should be selected and the Use Default Location check box should be checked. This will allow Eclipse to create your project in your default workspace directory. The advantage of keeping the default options is that your projects are kept in a central location, which makes ordering, managing, and finding these projects quite easy. For example, if you are working in a Unix -based environment, this path points to your $HOME directory.
If you are working in a Microsoft Windows environment, the workspace path will be C:/Users/
英文参考文献标准格式
英文参考文献标准格式:论文参考文献格式规范 也可以在标点.之后加上一个空格，但一定要保证所有的项目空格个数一致一、参考文献的类型 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下： [M]--专著,著作 [C]--论文集(一般指会议发表的论文续集，及一些专题论文集，如《***大学研究生学术论文集》 [N]-- 报纸文章 [J]--期刊文章：发表在期刊上的论文，尽管有时我们看到的是从网上下载的（如知网），但它也是发表在期刊上的，你看到的电子期刊仅是其电子版 [D]--学位论文：不区分硕士还是博士论文 [R]--报告：一般在标题中会有"关于****的报告"字样 [S]-- 标准 [P]--专利 [A]--文章：很少用，主要是不属于以上类型的文章 [Z]--对于不属于上述的文献类型，可用字母"Z"标识，但这种情况非常少见 常用的电子文献及载体类型标识： [DB/OL] --联机网上数据(database online) [DB/MT] --磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) [M/CD] --光盘图书(monograph on CDROM) [CP/DK] --磁盘软件(computer program on disk)
[J/OL] --网上期刊(serial online) [EB/OL] --网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 很显然，标识的就是该资源的英文缩写，/前面表示类型，/后面表示资源的载体，如OL表示在线资源 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1．期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号)起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 周融，任志国，杨尚雷，厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报，2003(6):107-109. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67. 2．专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码. 【举例】 [4] 刘国钧,王连成.图书馆史研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1979:15-18,31. [5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45. 3．报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次). 【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).
外文翻译-基于Android智能家居系统
通信工程学院 毕业设计外文翻译 毕业设计题目基于ANDRIO的智能家居 系统的设计与实现 外文题目UBIQUITOUS SMART HOME SYSTEM USING ANDROID APPLICATION 专业：通信工程 学号： 学生姓名： 指导教师姓名： 指导教师职称：副教授 日期：2015 年 1 月10 日
International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) V ol.6, No.1, January 2014 基于Android应用的无处不在的智能家居系统 Shiu Kumar Department of Information Electronics Engineering, Mokpo National University, 534-729, Mokpo, South Korea 摘要 本文提出了一种灵活独立的，低成本的智能家居系统，它是基于Android应用与微web服务器通信，不仅仅提供交换功能。Arduino以太网的使用是为了避免使用个人电脑从而保证整个系统成本最低，语音激活时用来实现切换功能的。光开关，电源插头，温度传感器，湿度传感器，电流传感器，入侵检测传感器，烟雾/气体传感器和警报器等这些设备集成在系统中，表明了所提出的智能家居系统的有效性和可行性。经过检测，智能家居应用程序可以成功地进行智能家居操作，例如开关功能，自动环境监测，和入侵监测，在监测到有不法入侵后，系统会自动发送一个邮件，并响警笛。 关键字： Android智能手机，智能家居，物联网（loTs），远程控制 1.引言 随着移动设备受欢迎程度的不断增长和人们日常生活中对无处不在的先进的移动应用的功能需求不断增加，利用Web服务是提供远程访问服务的最开放和可互操作的方式，并且使应用程序能够彼此通信。一个有吸引力的市场产品自动化和网络化是忙碌的家庭和有生理缺陷的个人的代表。 loTs可以被描述为连接智能手机，网络电视，传感器等到互联网，实现人们之间沟通的新形势。过去几年中loTs的发展，创造了一个新层面的世界。这使得人们可以在任何时间，任何地点，联通任何期望的东西。物联网技术可用于为智能家居创建新的概念和广阔的空间，以提供智能，舒适的发展空间和完善生活质量。 智能家居是一个非常有前途的领域，其中有各种好处，如增加提供舒适性，更高安全性，更合理地使用能源和其他资源。这项研究的应用领域非常重要，未来它为帮助和支持有特殊需求老的人和残疾人士提供了强有力的手段。设计一个智能家居系统时需要考虑许多因素，该系统应该是经济实惠的，是可伸缩的，使得新的设备可以容易地集成到系统中，此外，它应该是用户友好的。 随着智能手机用户的急剧增加，智能手机已经逐渐变成了具备所有功能的便携式设备，为人们提供了日常使用。本文介绍了一种低成本的控制和监视家居环境控制的无线智能家居系统。利用Android设备，可以通过一个嵌入式微Web服务器与实际的IP连接，访问和控制电器和远程的其它设备，这可以利用任何支持Android的设备。Arduino Ethernet 用于微Web服务器从
中英文参考文献格式
中文参考文献格式 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识： M——专著，C——论文集，N——报纸文章，J——期刊文章，D——学位论文，R——报告，S——标准，P——专利；对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。其格式为： （一）专著 示例 [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林：广西师范大学出版社，1989. [2] 马克思恩格斯全集：第1卷[M]. 北京：人民出版社，1956. [3] [英]蔼理士.性心理学[M]. 潘光旦译注.北京：商务印书馆，1997. （二）论文集 示例 [1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979. [2] 别林斯基.论俄国中篇小说和果戈里君的中篇小说[A]. 伍蠡甫.西方文论选：下册[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979. 凡引专著的页码，加圆括号置于文中序号之后。 （三）报纸文章 示例 [1] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27，（3） （四）期刊文章 示例 [1] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报（社会科学版），1995（3）. （五）学位论文 示例 [1] 刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D]. 北京：北京师范大学心理系，1998. （六）报告 示例 [1] 白秀水，刘敢，任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安：陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心，1998. （七）、对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明性的注释，置于本页地脚，前面用圈码标识。 参考文献的类型 根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母标识： M——专著（含古籍中的史、志论著） C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——研究报告 S——标准 P——专利 A——专著、论文集中的析出文献 Z——其他未说明的文献类型 电子文献类型以双字母作为标识： DB——数据库 CP——计算机程序 EB——电子公告
(精品文献)Android外文翻译
本科毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献译文及原文 学院信息工程学院 专业测控技术与仪器 （光机电一体化方向) 年级班别 2011级（1）班 学号 学生姓名 指导教师
目录 1应用程序基础 (1) 1.1应用程序组件 (1) 1.2激活组件：intent (3) 1.3 关闭组件 (4) 1.4manifest文件 (5) 1.5Intent过滤器 (6) 1.6基于XML的布局 (7) 1Application Fundamentals (8) 1.1 Application Components (8) 1.2Activating components:intent (11) 1.3 Shutting down components (12) 1.4 The manifest file (13) 1.5Intent filters (14) 1.6XML-Based Layout (15)
1 应用程序基础 Android应用程序使用Java编程语言开发。aapt工具把编译后的Java代码连同应用程序所需的其他数据和资源文件一起打包到一个Android包文件中，这个文件使用.apk作为扩展名。此文件是分发并安装应用程序到移动设备的载体；是用户下载到他们的设备的文件。单一.apk文件中的所有代码被认为是一个应用程序。 从多个角度来看，每个Android应用程序都存在于它自己的世界之中： 1 默认情况下，每个应用程序均运行于它自己的Linux进程中。当应用程序中的任何代码需要被执行时，Android启动此进程，而当不再需要此进程并且其它应用程序又请求系统资源时，则就关闭了这个进程。 2 每个进程都有其独有的虚拟机（VM），所以应用程序代码与所有其它应用程序代码是隔离运行的。 3 默认情况下，每个应用程序均被赋予一个唯一的Linux用户ID，并加以权限设置，使得应用程序的文件仅对此用户及此应用程序可见——尽管也有其它的方法使得这些文件同样能为其他应用程序所访问。 1.1 应用程序组件 Android的一个核心的特性就是一个应用程序可以使用其它应用程序的元素（如果那个应用程序允许的话）。例如，如果你的应用程序需要显示一个图片卷动列表，而另一个应用程序已经开发了一个合用的而又允许别的应用程序使用的话，你可以直接调用那个卷动列表来完成工作，而不用自己再开发一个。你的应用程序并没有吸纳或链接其它应用程序的代码。它只是在有需求的时候启动了其它应用程序的那个功能部分。 为达到这个目的，系统必须能够在一个应用程序的任何一部分被需要时启动一个此应用程序的进程，并将那个部分的Java对象实例化。因此，不像其它大多数系统上的应用程序，Android应用程序并没有为应用程序提供一个单独的入口点（比如说，没有main()函数），而是为系统提供了可以实例化和运行所需的必备组件。一共有四种组件类型： (1)Activity
中英文论文参考文献标准格式 超详细
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英语专业毕业论文常见几种参考文献的格式及举例 1．期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 周融，任志国，杨尚雷，厉星星.对新形势下毕业设\计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子 教学学报，2003(6)：107-109. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计（论文）教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67. 2．专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码. 【举例】 [4] 刘国钧，王连成.图书馆史研究[Ｍ].北京：高等教育出版社，1979：15-18，31. [5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45. 3．报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）. 【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3). [7] French, W. Between Silences: A V oice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33). 4．论文集 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码. 【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17. [9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313. [10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78. 5．学位论文 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码. 【举例】 [11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1-7. 6．研究报告 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码. 【举例】 [12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究 院, 1997：9-10. 7．电子文献 【格式】[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名.电子文献出处[电子文献及载体类型标识].或可获得地址，发表或更新日期/引用日期. 【举例】 [13] 王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB/OL]. http: //https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6c6363228.html,/pub/wml.txt/980810–2.html, 1998–08–16/1998–10–04.
Android系统外文翻译3
Android起航 译 使用XML进行布局 虽然纯粹通过Java代码在activity上创建和添加部件，在技术上是可行的，我们在第4章中做的一样，更常见的方法是使用一种基于XML的布局文件。动态的小部件实例保留更多，情况复杂，小工具在编译时不为人所知（例如，在数据检索了互联网基础上将单选按钮填充柱。 考虑到这一点，现在是时候打破XML来学习如何用此种方式来布置Android activities。 什么是基于XML的布局？ 正如其名称所示，一个基于XML的布局是一个关系到每个规格的小部件，和他们的容器（更多关于此内容的在第7章）编码的XML格式。具体来说，Android 认为基于XML的布局是资源，因此布局文件存储在res /在你的Android项目布局目录中。 每个XML文件包含一个指定的部件和容器布局元素树，一种意见认为构成层次。对XML元素的属性，描述一个部件应如何看或者一个容器应如何运转。例如，如果一个按钮元素。 有一个Android的属性值：文字样式=“bold”，这意味着该文本出现在按钮的表面应该是呈现一个粗体字体样式. Android的SDK中附带一个使用的布局的工具（aapt）。这个工具应自动调用你的Android工具链（例如，Eclipse中，Ant’s build.xml）。作为一个开发人员，尤其重要的是，在您的项目中aapt生成R.java源文件，让您能在那些布局中直接从Java代码中获取布局和部件。 为什么使用基于XML的布局？ 使用XML布局文件做的大部分都可以通过Java代码。例如，你可以使用setTypeface（）命令一个按钮使用粗体文本，而不是在一个XML布局中使用属性。由于XML布局是为你跟踪的另一个文件，所以我们需要好的理由来使用这样的文