美国文学

American Literature

1.The first autobiography自传in literature is written by _Benjamin Franklin_.

2.In the history of American literature, the Romantic period stretches from the end of _18_ century through the outbreak of ___the civil war_____.

3.Transcendentalism 超越论

4.Emerson?s American scholar played a very important part in the intellectual history of the nation. 艾默生《美国学者》

5.Melville 梅尔维尔is best known as the author of __________, which is one of the world?s greatest masterpieces. 白鲸记

6.Emily?s Dickinson?s works include

A My life closed twice before it close.

B Wild nights--wild nights,

C The Brain is wider than the sky. 头脑比天空辽阔

7.As a literary movement 文学运动realism现实主义came in the latter half of the 19th century as a reaction against反对the lie of romantism and _sentimentalism 浪漫主义和感情主义所来的的假象

8.According to Henry James, “art must be related to life , and the aim of the novel is to represent life.”亨利·詹姆斯life represent life

9.“Such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native.” This sentence is used by Hamlin Garland to describe the literature of local color.哈姆林·加兰地方色彩

10.During the period of realism现实主义时期, _Dean Howells, Henry James, and Mark Twain_ were becoming established as novelists of no small talent. 狄恩豪威尔

斯亨利詹姆斯马克吐温

11.The period before the American Civil War is commonly referred to as __romantic period浪漫主义时期

12._Washington Irving has been considered as the Father of American Literature.美国文学之父华盛顿欧文

13.American Scholar_is regarded as t he “Declaration of Intellectual Independence.” 《美国学者》文学独立宣言

14.The most important transcendentalist超越论者in the 19th century America is Emerson_. 艾默生

15.The great transcendental work 超验主义作品by Henry David Thoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗is Walden《瓦尔登湖》

16.Nature_of Emerson is regar ded as an unofficial manifesto for the “Transcendental Club”.自然主义艾默生超验俱乐部的非官方宣言

17.Transcendentalists recognized _intuition as the “highest power of the soul”. 本能

18.“God help them that help themselves.”is found in the work of John Benjamin. 约翰本杰明

19.Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼made great innovation创新in the form of poetry. The poetry is called free verse素体诗

20.“oh, Captain! My Captain!” was written in memory of _Abraham Lincoln噢船长，我的船长亚伯拉罕林肯

21.Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡can be described as the following EXCEPT:

A. Romantic poet

B. Father of psychoanalytic criticism

C. Father of detective story

D. Father of transcendentalism

22.All of the following are written by Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑EXCEPT________.

A. Fanshawe

B.Walden 梭罗Thoreau

C. The Scarlet Letter

D. The Blithedale Romance

23.Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of Emily Dickinson?s 艾米丽迪金森poems?

A. Nature

B. Life and death.

C. Love and marriage

D. War and peace

24.Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?

A. Nature

B. Walden

C. On Beauty

D. Self-Reliance

25._______________ is NOT the work of Mark Twain.

A. The Adventures of HuckleBerry Finn

B. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

C. Life on the Mississippi

D. The Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨坊

26.In the early 19th century, nothing has left a deeper imprint on the characters of the American people as a whole than did ___.

A. Rationalism

B. Sentimentalism

C. Puritanism 清教主义

D. Romanticism

27._________, the tragic hero of Moby-Dick, burning with a baleful fire, becomes

evil himself in his thirst to destroy evil. 《白鲸记》的悲剧英雄

A. Ahab 亚哈

B. Moby Dick

C. Queequeg

D. Pip

28.The period before the American Civil War is commonly referred to as ________.

A. the Romantic Period

B. The Realistic Period

C. The Naturalist Period

D. The Modern Period

29.In American literature, escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common subject. The following titles are related, in one way or another, to the subject EXCEPT _____.

A. Mark Twain …s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

B. Dreiser?s Sister Carrie德莱赛的《嘉莉妹妹》

C. Cooper?s Leather-Stocking Tales

D. Thoreau?s Walden

30.The Romantic writers 浪漫主义作家would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the __________ in the American literary history.

A. Individual feelings

B. idea of survival of the fittest 适者生存

C. Strong imagination

D. return to nature

31.In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson 艾默生made a speech entitled ______ at Harvard哈佛, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell as “our intellectual Declaration of Independence.”

A. Nature

B. Self-Reliance

C. Divinity: School Address

D. The American Scholar

32.Melville?s 梅尔维尔__________ is an encyclopedia of everything, history,

philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.

A.The Old Man and the Sea

B. Moby-Dick

C. White Jacket

D. Billy Budd

34.Which of the following works began to make Irving 欧文internationally known?

A. The Sketch Book《见闻札记》

B. Bracebridge Hall

C. A History of New York to the End of the Dutch Dynasty

D. Tales of Traveller

35.The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne is mainly concerned with _________.

A.the corruption of the society

B.The consequences of sin and guilt

C.The wrong doing of one generation that lives into the successive ones

D.Overreaching intellect

35.Which of the following statements about The Scarlet Letter is NOT true?

A.It explores man?s never-ending search for the satisfaction of materialistic desires. 寻求物质享受

B.It relates the conflicts between the society and the individual

C.It is about the effect of sin on the people involved and the society as a whole

D.It presents a psychological and analysis of the inward tensions of the characters.

36.The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage benefited the Americans in ________.

A.Strengthening their moral values

B.Weakening their religious faith

C.Knowing truth intuitively

D.Developing their science and technology

37.Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well-known for his _____.

A. international theme

B. Waste-land imagery

C. Local color

D. Symbolism

38.__________is called by Hemingway海明威the one from which “all modern Americna literature comes.” 现代美国文学的到来

A.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》

B.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

C.The Gilded Age

D.Life on the Mississippi

39.Dickinson?s poems include poems of ________.

A. Nature

B. Love

C. Death

D. All of the above

40.One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain one of the major literary figures in the 19th century American literature is the use of __________.

A.Vernacular 方言

B. Interior monologue

C. Point of view

D. Photographic description

42.__Mark Twain___ was the first literary giant born west of the Mississippi. 马克吐温

43.the civil war influences American literature a lot an let American romanticism turn into American realism. 内战

44.__________ described by Mark Twain as a boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience.”

A. Tom Sawyer

B. Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·费恩

C. Jim

D. Tony

45.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is against _______.

A. British colonists

B.slavery

C. Chauvinism

D.monocracy

46.Emily Dickinson 艾米丽迪金森wrote 1775 poems, but only ___7___ of which had appeared during her life time.

47.Mark Twain…s first novel _The Gilded Age镀金时代, written in collaboration with Charles D. Warner and published in 1873, though not an artistic success, gives its name to the America of the post-Civil War Period 内战后的时期which it attempts to satire. 讽刺

48.One of Mark Twain?s significant contributions to American literature lies in the fact that he made _________ an accepted, respectable literary medium in the literary history of the country. 这个国家的文学历史的媒介

A.fierce humor

B. tall tales

C. Colloquial speech 口语

D. Social satire

49.Emily Dickinson?s poem This is my letter to the world exp resses the poetess?s ______ about her communication with the outside world.

A.Indifference

B. Joy

C. Anxiety

D. Indignation

Benjamin Franklin

18th the civil war

The American Scholar

Moby Dick

Romanticism sentimentalism

Local color-ism

Dean Howells Henry James Mark Twain The romantic period

Washington Irving

The American Scholar

Emerson

Intuition

John Benjamin

Free verse

Abraham Lincoln

常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(9-14章)【圣才出品】

第9章地方色彩小说?马克?吐温 9.1复习笔记 I.Local Colorism（地方色彩主义） The vogue of local color fiction was the outgrowth of historical and aesthetic forces that had been gathering energy since early19th century.Local colorism as a literary trend first made its presence felt in the late1860s and early seventies.It is a variation of American literary realism. Local colorists were consciously nostalgic historians of a vanishing way of life,recorders of a present that faded before their eyes.They concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions.They tended to idealize and glorify,but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.Major local colorists are Bret Harte,Hanlin Garland, Harriet Beecher Stowe,Kate Chopin and Mark Twain. 地方色彩小说的流行是自19世纪早期以来历史和艺术力量凝聚的产物。作为一种文学潮流，地方色彩主义在19世纪60年代晚期和70年代早期初展头角。它是美国现实主义文学的一个分支。 地方色彩主义作家是怀念正在消逝的生活方式的历史家，他们记录了在他们眼前逝去的现在。他们致力于展示描述自己地方的特色，倾向于赞颂地方生活并将其理想化，但是他们又注意不失地方生活的真实色彩。主要的地方色彩主义作家包括布莱特·哈特、汉林·加兰德、哈里耶特·比彻·斯托、凯特·肖邦及马克·吐温等。 II.Mark Twain(1835-1910)（马克·吐温） 1.Life（生平） Mark Twain,pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens,is a great literary giant of America. He was brought up in the small town of Hannibal,Missouri,on the Mississippi River.He was twelve when his father died and he had to leave school.He was successively a printer’s apprentice,a tramp printer,a silver miner,a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi,and a frontier journalist in Nevada and California.This knocking about gave him wide knowledge of humanity. With the publication of his frontier tale,he became nationally famous.His first novel The Gilded Age was an artistic failure,but it gave its name to the American of the post-bellum period.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was his masterwork.Mark Twain was essentially an affirmative writer.But toward the latter part of his life,due to some tragic events,he changed to an almost

(完整版)美国文学课后答案

1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf. 4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection? It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的). 二、Questions 1.How many characters does Poe include in The Cask of Amontillado? What are these names? Montresor, Fortunato and Luchesi 2. What drink are the French most famous for? Wine 3.Does Montresor have something of great value to him which we might consider to be his treasure? His pride and the pride of his French family heritage. Perhaps his devious plot of revenge. 4.Does Montresor seem to have much respect for Italians? Montresor does not have much respect for Italians. He feels the French are superior, especially with respect to wine. 5.What was Fortunato's insult? Poe does not tell us directly, but only implies it in the third paragraph 6.Which wine does Montresor use to lure Fortunato into the catacombs? "Amontillado" (the Spanish wine; Montresor's ruse to lead Fortunato down into the catacombs. 7.Why does Montresor entertain Fortunato with wines from his collection? Montresor wants to get Fortunato drunk enough to be able to trap him in his plan of vengeance. 8.In what two ways does Montresor imprison Fortunato? He fetters (chains and locks) Fortunato to the wall of the catacombs. He builds a wall to close Fortunato off in a small corner of the catacombs, where Montresor will leave him to die. 9.In what ways is The Cask of Amontillado grotesque? First, which of Montresor's actions are abnormal? The whole obsessive plot of vengeance. The fettering and entombment of Fortunato. Montresor's sick sense of humor. 10.Is there anything grotesque about Fortunato? His obsession with alcohol. His drunkenness. His tendency to berate Luchesi (he may have been drunk and may have insulted Montresor in a similar

华裔美国文学中的翻译问题

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美国文学题_答案

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美国文学选读课后题答案

1、Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why? -------from F、Scoot、Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Gatsby pursuit “a universe of ineffable gorgeous” in his young age、In fact, Gatsby from West Egg insists his Platonic fantasy、He fell in love with the blonde and his ineffable gorgeous ideal is bined with Daisy’s breathing and desire、Daisy bees the image of ideal in his mind; though she marries Tom and may does not love him, though he can realize her soul full of money and desire, he cannot change his mind which back his love and be together as before、Maybe that is the shining and great part of his soul、Maybe that is the American dream which can show to us、But through the novel, we can have the clear idea that Daisy’s desire was not his drea m, it is not Daisy’s fault but his dream has giant vitality and energy、His dream is far behind Daisy and everything exists、He does his best to build the perfect world and aim in his mind、So his spirit which pursuits on ideal and dedication is also far behind secular frolicking in the bed、For realizing his dream, he donated himself to mud of money in New York; he showed no interests in wealth itself and the life of debauchery、Just like the lotus lives in the pound around with mud but not be polluted、His soul no doubt is suffering in the social life but without any plain、3、What do “petals” and “bough” stands for? -----from Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro、 First of all, this poem stands the points of economy by Imagism、Every word in this poem has its own unique meaning、For example, the color of black in this poem may represent the train’s color, the railway’s color, the pillar’s color or the dim light of the metro station、Ezra Pound was very sensitive to the color and usually used their different meanings in his poetry、He used the skill of painting in his process of creating the poem、In this poem, every word is used as the pigment、Petals stand for the meaning of color from their unique image、The word “wet” brings the feeling of fresh and bright to the people、And the word “apparition” gives the dim color of pale and weak to the “faces” and “petals”、And the author put the petals and faces together let the faces have the feeling of tender and red、Several pretty faces appear in the metro station from the dimly lit, and they bee the shining petals in the black bough which was wet by the rain、This transformation is based on our vision, but it also shows that the same point between the quiet nature scenery and the noisy industrial environment、Ezra Pound wants tell us that we can find the beauty everywhere in our daily life、And it also shows the metaphor of Imagism、 1、Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why? (1)I think it is too plicated to simply say Gatsby deserves to be “great” or not、For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate、He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back: he did shady business to earn money and social position; he threw luxurious parties just to draw Daisy’s attention; he could take the blame for a death that he did not cause、(2)In this respect, he is much “greater” than his contemporaries、For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore、Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him、He wasn’t sober enough to be great、