新视野大学英语第三册Unit4课文翻译

新视野大学英语第三册Unit4课文翻译

新视野大学英语第三册Unit4课文翻译

自由女神像

19世纪70年代中期，法国艺术家弗里德里克·奥古斯特·巴托

尔迪正在设计一个大项目，名为“自由照耀世界”。这是一座庆祝美

国独立和美法联盟的纪念碑。

与此同时，他爱上了一位他在加拿大理解的女子。他母亲不赞成

自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱，不过巴托尔迪不为所动，

和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。

同年，巴托尔迪组装完雕像的右臂和火炬，并将它们陈列在费城。

据说，他用了妻子的手臂为模本，但觉得她的脸太漂亮，不适合

做雕像模本。

他需要这样一个女人：面容沧桑却不失坚定，庄重多于美丽。

他选择了自己的母亲。

1886年，自由女神像在纽约湾北部落成。

雕像综合了他母亲的脸和他妻子的身材，不过巴托尔迪称之为

“我的女儿，自由之神”。

芭比娃娃

在现今销售的各式各样的芭比娃娃之前，原本部门只有一种芭比

娃娃。

实际上，她的名字叫芭芭拉。

芭芭拉·汉德勒是马特尔玩具公司的联合创始人艾略特和鲁

思·汉德勒夫妇的女儿。

鲁思是在见到女儿玩纸娃娃之后才想到做芭比娃娃的。

芭比娃娃的三维模特是一个德国洋娃娃，一个哄成年人开心的礼物，被描绘成具有“风尘女子”的模样。

马特尔公司将这个娃娃做了一番改造，变成了体面而地道的美国

版本，即使胸围有些夸张。它以当时10多岁的少女芭芭拉的名字命名。

自从1959年面世，芭比娃娃就成了世界公认的“娃娃女王”。

马特尔公司说，一般的美国女孩拥有10个芭比娃娃，世界每秒

钟就有两个芭比娃娃售出。

如今芭芭拉已有60多岁了，她拒绝接受采访，但据说她非常喜

欢芭比娃娃。她可能是当今世上最的不为人知的人物了。

1961年，芭比娃娃的男朋友面世，按芭芭拉的弟弟肯的名字命名。

真正的肯于1994年去世。他对令自己全家名扬天下的娃娃极为

厌恶。

他在1993年说：“我可不想让我的孩子玩这洋娃娃。”

《美国哥特人》

1930年，格兰特·伍德因其画作《美国哥特人》一举成名。此画体现了美国农民庄严的自豪，常常被人复制。

画面展示了一位神色严肃的男子和一位女子站立在农舍之前。

伍德深受中世纪艺术家的影响，他的灵感来自于一所古老农舍的

哥特式窗户，但最令世界注目的是画中人物的脸。

伍德喜欢画他熟悉的脸。

为画神色严肃的农夫，他选择了他那表情木讷的牙医，

至于站在他身边的农妇，他选择了自己的姐姐南。

他把模特的脖子稍稍画长了一些，但无疑能看出谁是画像的原型。

南后来说道，《美国哥特人》带给她的名誉使她摆脱了一种非常

乏味的生活。

野牛镍币

今天，美国的硬币都用来纪念美国政府的杰出人物，其中绝大部

分是的前总统。

但1913至1938年间发行的野牛镍币，却是为了纪念由美国拓居

引起的两起相互关联的悲剧──野牛群的灭绝和美洲印第安人的毁灭。

此前一直是白人被用作美国镍币上的模特，而的艺术家詹姆

斯·厄尔·弗雷泽却反传统而行之，起用了三名真正的美洲印第安人

作为自己创作的原型。

因为大草原上不再有野牛漫步，弗雷泽为了镍币另一面上的野牛，只好到纽约中央公园的动物园里素描一只老野牛。

两年后，即1915年，此牛以100美元的价格售出，然后被宰杀

取肉、剥皮，牛角制成了墙上的装饰品。

山姆大叔

美国独立战争时期，14岁的山姆·威尔逊离家出走，加入父亲和哥哥们的行列，为美国殖民地独立于英国而战。

23岁时，他开始从事肉类加工业，并因为人诚实、工作勤奋而赢得声誉。

此后在1812年的战争中，威尔逊获得了一个职位，为美国军队

检验肉食。他的合伙人和美国政府签订了一份合同，给军队提供肉食。

送到军队的肉桶上面都印有EA-US标志，EA代表公司名，US代

表原产国。

传说有一回，有个政府官员来参观加工厂，问及这些字母的含义，一个想象力丰富的雇员告诉他，“US”是“山姆大叔”威尔逊的缩写。

很快，士兵们都说所有的军需品都来自“山姆大叔”。

战后，政治漫画里开始出现一个名叫“山姆大叔”的人物。他的

原型是一个早期漫画人物，名叫乔纳森大哥，此人在美国独立战争时

期非常出名。

很快，山姆大叔就取代了乔纳森大哥，成了美国人欢迎的象征。

最令人难忘的山姆大叔的画像是由画家詹姆斯·蒙哥马利·弗拉

格创作的，用在两次世界大战期间他画的很多的征兵招贴画上。

山姆大叔的形象是：高个子，白头发，下巴上有一小撮白胡子，

身着深蓝色外套，头戴一顶高帽，上有星星点缀。这模样其实就是弗

拉格的自画像。

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

二十五六岁时，玛丽·恩格尔布赖特是一个天分很高、却在苦苦

求索的画家。她从家乡圣路易斯飞到纽约，希望找一份为儿童书籍画

插图的工作──这是她一生追求的目标。

所以，当她去过的出版社都拒绝了她时，她非常失望。

其中一家出版社甚至建议，她的画也许更适合于贺卡。

“我被击垮了，凉”恩格尔布赖特承认。

与自己所期望的相比，贺卡似乎太低微了。不过那个建议她却记

在心上，而且决定试一试。

这个试永远改变了她的人生。

如今，玛丽·恩格尔布赖特每年卖出的贺卡达1,400万张，这是

个惊人的数字。

她那流行的设计出现在2,000多种产品上，其中包括书本、日历、厨房用品中。

她办了一家零售公司，在9个城市拥有分店（另有16家商店正

在筹划），有25,000名零售商销售她的产品，

年均零售额在1亿美元左右──所有这些都是那次令人失望而命

中注定的纽约之旅的结果。

也许以下设计并很多见：在恩格尔布赖特的一张构思大胆的贺卡中，一个女孩穿着工装裤，赤着的双脚搭在一张桌子上，身后的窗外

是一片农田。

贺卡上自豪地写着：“我们不在乎他们在纽约如何做。”

一旦你熟悉了恩格尔布赖特的独特风格，在20步开外你也能认

出她的贺卡：色彩艳丽、趣味盎然、充满怀旧气息。

她的贺卡边缘通常有精巧的图饰，常重复使用这样一些形象，如

桃心、花、桃子或茶壶等。

卡片上最常见的是安·埃丝特尔，她有一头短短的直发，戴着一

副大眼镜和一顶帽子，言语尖刻。

安·埃丝特尔（名从玛丽的外祖母）实际上是玛丽人生观的体现。

恩格尔布赖特乐观、质朴、幽默，十分可爱。

“我觉得这个世界应该再多一些可爱的东西，”她解释道。

实际上，可爱是她的重要标志。

她的名片曾在显著的位置印有一幅安·埃丝特尔的画像：嘴里叼着雪茄，手里端着酒杯，还有一行字：“恩格尔布赖特是我的名字，可爱是我的招牌。”

她补充说：“世界变得越来越复杂，身边有点传统的东西能帮人们应付现代生活的挑战，这不失为一件好事。

犹如令人愉悦的食物一样，

这是舒心的艺术。”

传统艺术以及传统的价值观一向是恩格尔布赖特生活的核心。

恩格尔布赖特1952年6月5日生于圣路易斯，是三姐妹中的老大，她几乎刚学会拿铅笔就开始画画。

她最早的记忆之一是4岁时描绘父母身着盛装外出赴晚宴。

“我印象太深，所以非画不可，”她说。

但是，给她印象最深的，还是母亲读给她听的儿童书里的插图。

诸如杰西·威尔科克斯·史密斯和约翰尼·格鲁埃尔这样的艺术家对她早期绘画有非常大的影响。前者是儿童文学经典作品的插图画家，后者是“蓬发安”的创作者。

上中学时，恩格尔布赖特将几十张手绘的贺卡以每张25美分的价格卖给当地的一家商店，这是她第一次涉足艺术和商业领域。

她没有听从老师的建议做一名英语老师，也不想费心思读大学，因为“我已准备好投身于艺术家的生活。”

在一家艺术用品商店工作时，“我遇到了一些受雇的艺术家，并意识到这样做也能谋生。”

后来，她在一家广告公司做设计师，这工作“教给了我艺术生意经”。

1975年，恩格尔布赖特理解了社会工作者菲尔·德拉诺，两年后二人结为伉俪。

德拉诺成了妻子最有力的支持者。

“即使我们身无分文，他也从未说过，‘去找个工作吧，’”她说，

“对于他的支持，我无法表达我的感激。”

那次倒霉的纽约之行后，恩格尔布赖特把她的画样寄给了两家贺

卡公司。

其中一家买下了她的三张原创画作，而在另一家，她偶尔兼兼职，画了大量的鲸鱼、龙、城堡和神话中的动物。

而后，1980年儿子的诞生给她的作品增加了新的成分。

“忽然间，我觉得日常生活更加生动有趣了，”她说。

孩子、宠物甚至“善良的老妈妈”都开始出现在她的贺卡上。

她的作品成了“日常生活的画卷，人人熟悉的事物”。

1983年，怀孕8个月的恩格尔布赖特决定成立自己的公司。

在两年的时间里，她的公司生产了近百种不同的贺卡，年销售量

达百万张。

1986年，她将贺卡的版权授予黎明出版公司，这使她能够将精力放在其他项目上，其中包括她那本订户多达55万人的家庭装潢杂志。

现在，黎明出版公司负责贺卡的生产与经销。

即使获得了成功，恩格尔布赖特依然脚踏实地。

她仍住在离自己成长的地方16公里远的地方，依然拥有很多学

生时代的旧友。她还从一栋大房子搬到一栋小房子中居住，她解释说，那是因为他们一家利用不了老房子里的所有空间。

她多半在夜里，在自己家的画室里作画。

因为恩格尔布赖特的工作在多方面获得成功，最终她为一本儿童书绘制插图的梦想实现也就顺理成章了。1993年，她为一本儿童书画了插图，而且目睹它成为一本畅销书。

与此同时，她还惊讶地发现：“这很有趣，但说来也怪，我还是最喜欢做贺卡。”

新视野大学英语四翻译

第一单元 The Doctrine of the Mean is the core ofConfucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confuciusdoesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding andhandling objective things. Confucius advocatedthat this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but alsobe integrated into one’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also an important componentof traditional Chinese culture. From the time itcame into being to the present, it has played aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. 中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待，而且还通过自身修养和锻炼，把它融入自己的日常行为当中，使之成为一种美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的

新视野大学英语4第二版课文翻译

Unit 1 Section A 艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢～”他们的担心不无道理。 追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。 尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。 成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。 为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。 尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。 若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。 公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。 有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。 公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。 知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西?威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特?海明威的情节安排、罗伯特?弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。

同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。 他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。 名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。 它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。 一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。 你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协，却仍然在这场名利的游戏中获胜。 一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡?王尔德，他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对，却依然故我，他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。在一次宴会上，他一位密友的母亲当着他的朋友和崇拜者的面，指责他在性方面影响了她的儿子。 他听了她的话以后大为光火，起诉了这个年轻人的母亲，声称她毁了自己的“好”名声。但是，他真该请一个更好的律师。 结果是，法官不仅不支持他提出的让这个女人赔偿他名声损失费的请求，反而对他本人进行了罚款。 他由于拒交罚款最终还被送进了监狱。更糟糕的是，他再也无法获得更多公众的宠爱。在最糟糕的时候，他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。

新视野大学英语3课文翻译

新视野大学英语3课文翻译 第一课无限的爱 我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。 从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。” 不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。 我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我哥哥讨回公道。 父亲和吉米形影不离。 他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。 晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。 他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。 所以，父亲1991年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。 我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 有一天，我问他：“你是不是想念爸爸？” 他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。” 接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。 六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。 吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。 此事最后做成了。 如今，他在那里生活了11年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。 他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。 如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。 当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。

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Finding fossil man 发现化?石?人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.　读到flint 打?火?石anthropomorphic ?人格 化拟1anthropo ?人类 的让步?一?一trace back date back read of read about a trace of ?一些

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一、 1.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。(otherthan) Theplantdoesnotgrowwellinsoilsotherthantheoneinwhichithasbeendeveloped. 2.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。(mayhavedone) Researchfindingsshowthatwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwemayhav edoneduringtheday. 3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。(justifysth.by) Somepeopletendtojustifytheirfailurebyblamingothersfornottryingtheirbest. 4.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。(remaintrueto) Weremaintruetoourcommitment:Whateverwepromisedtodo,wewoulddoit. 5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。(discount;betrueof) EvenBeethoven'sfatherdiscountedthepossibilitythathissonwouldonedaybecomethegreatestmusici anintheworld.ThesameistrueofEdison,whoseemedtohisteachertobequitedull. 6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。(accusesb.ofsth.) Theywereaccusedbytheauthoritiesofthreateningthestatesecurity. 二、 1.要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众。(if...had+pastparticiple,would+have+pastparticiple) Ifthecharactersinthiscomedyhadbeenmorehumorous,itwouldhaveattractedalargeraudience. 2.她从未对自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。(itisapossibilityto)Shehasneverlostfaithinherownability,soitisapossibilityforhertobecomeasuccessf ulactress. 3.我从未受过正式培训，我只是边干边学。(goalong) Ineverhadformaltraining,IjustlearnedasIwentalong. 4.随着产品进入国际市场，他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。(findone'swayinto) Astheirproductsfindtheirwayintotheinternationalmarket,theirbrandisgaininginpopularity. 5.她可以编造一个故事，说自己被窃贼打昏，所有的钱都没了，但她怀疑自己是否能让这故事听起来可信。(makeup) Shecouldmakeupastorybysayingshewasknockedunconsciousbythievesandthatallhermoneywasgo ne,butshedoubtedwhethershecouldmakeitsoundbelievable. 6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问，可是这引起了对他更多的批评。(on purpose) No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. 三、 1.据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂，市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。(be reported to; look into) Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the may or has decided to look into the affair in person. 2. 这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。(regret doing sth.; yield to; be faced with) These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3. 你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格，它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。

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1A An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction. "Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed. The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt. Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on. The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted. Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur. Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there. Artists cannot remain idle, though. When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public. After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month. Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor. The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous. Famous authors' styles—a Tennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S. Eliot—are easily recognizable. The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou. Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune. However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms. Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle—a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure. It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe. One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a man's soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing. You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game. An example, the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde, known for his uncompromising behavior, both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself. The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influencing her son. Extremely angered by her remarks, he sued the young man's mother, asserting that she had damaged his "good" name. He should have hired a better attorney, though. The judge did not second Wilde's call to have the woman pay for damaging his name, and instead fined Wilde. He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and even worse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor. When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense. His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most. Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom! They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans. Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out. They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences. Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed. Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published. Beethoven overcame his father, who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician, to become the greatest musician in the world. And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education. Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade, because he seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. Unfortunately for most people, however, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning. I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune: good luck. But alas, you may find that it was not what you wanted. The dog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail. The person who achieves success often discovers that it does more harm than good. So instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do. Try to do work that you can be proud of. Maybe you won't be famous in your own lifetime, but you may create better art. 1B One summer day my father sent me to buy some wire and fencing to put around our barn to pen up the bull. At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our truck and driving into town

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unit 6 The Last Leaf When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life. The doctor held out little hope for her. Her friends seemed helpless. Was there nothing to be done? 约翰西病情严重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。医生对她不抱什么希望。朋友们看来也爱莫能助。难道真 的就无可奈何了吗？ 1 At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted. 在一幢三层砖楼的顶层，苏和约翰西辟了个画室。“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。她们一位来自缅因州，一 位来自加利福尼亚。两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆，发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉，以及灯笼袖等方面趣 味相投，于是就有了这个两人画室。 2 That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims. She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house. 那是5月里的事。到了11月，一个医生称之为肺炎的阴森的隐形客闯入了这一地区，用它冰冷的手指东 碰西触。约翰西也为其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上几乎一动不动，只能隔着小窗望着隔壁砖房那单调沉闷的侧墙。 3 One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow. 一天上午，忙碌的医生扬了扬灰白的浓眉，示意苏来到过道。 4 "She has one chance in ten," he said. "And that chance is for her to want to live. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind? “她只有一成希望，”他说。“那还得看她自己是不是想活下去。你这位女朋友已经下决心不想好了。她有 什么心事吗？” 5 "She -- she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day," said Sue. “她――她想有一天能去画那不勒斯湾，”苏说。 6 "Paint? -- bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice -- a man, for instance?" “画画？――得了。她有没有别的事值得她留恋的――比如说，一个男人？” 7 "A man?" said Sue. "Is a man worth -- but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind." “男人？”苏说。“难道一个男人就值得――可是，她没有啊，大夫，没有这码子事。” 8 "Well," said the doctor. "I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines." After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried. Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune. “好吧，”大夫说。“我会尽一切努力，只要是科学能做到的。可是，但凡病人开始计算她出殡的行列里有 几辆马车的时候，我就要把医药的疗效减去一半。”大夫走后，苏去工作室哭了一场。随后她携着画板大步走进 约翰西的房间，口里吹着轻快的口哨。 9 Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. She was looking out and counting -- counting backward. 约翰西躺在被子下几乎一动不动，脸朝着窗。她望着窗外，数着数――倒数着数！ 10 "Twelve," she said, and a little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven," almost together. “12，”她数道，过了一会儿“11”，接着数“10”和“9”；再数“8”和“7”，几乎一口同时数下来。 11 Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare. 苏朝窗外望去。外面有什么好数的呢？外面只看到一个空荡荡的沉闷的院子，还有20英尺开外那砖房的侧墙，上面什么也没有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墙高。萧瑟秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎光秃秃的。

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1. 这种植物只有在培养它的土壤中才能很好的生长。 The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. 研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，一次来为自己的失败辩护。 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. 我们终于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做的。 We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. 连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。 Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. 当局控告他们威胁国家安全。 They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 1. 要是这部喜剧中的人物更加幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众。 If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience. 2. 她从未对自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。 She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3.我从未受过正式培训，我只是边干边学。 I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along. 4. 随着产品进入国际市场，他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。 As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5. 她可以编造一个故事，说自己被窃贼打昏，所有的钱都没了，但她怀疑自己是否能够让这个故事听起来可信。 She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable. 6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问，可是这引起了对他的更多的批评。 No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. 1. 据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂，市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。 Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person. 2. 这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3. 你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格，它可以使你在买东西的时候享受打折的优惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods. 4. 不知道为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了，结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。