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英语语音考试中的定义

定义类

1.The rhythm of a language is characterized by the timing pattern of successive syllables.

2.A syllable is a word part and the basic unit of English rhythm.

3.Stressed syllables are those that are marked in the dictionary as stressed.

4.Stressed syllables are usually longer ,louder ,and higher in pitch.

5.The stop consonants are made by completely stopping the airflow at some point in the mouth and then ,for most productions ,releasing it into the sound that follows.

6. In speech ,stress may be defined as the degree of intensity of loudness placed on a sound ;that is , the amount of force one puts on a syllable or word to give it importance.

7.In order words ,an unstress syllable receives on intensity or loudness at all.

8.Sentences stress refers to the word or words in a sentences that receive

a strong accent.

9. Information words are usually nouns ,verbs ,adjectives ,and adverbs . They give information about who ,what,when ,where ,why and how . 10.Unstressed words are usually function words like articles ,pronouns ,possessives , prepositions ,auxiliary verbs ,and conjunctions.

11. The strong form of a word is used when the words is said in isolation

or in stressed positions

12. The weak form is usually only in unstressed positions.

13. The importance of leaning stressed forms: Firstly, most native speakers of English find an ' all - strong form ' pronunciation very unpleasant . Secondly , learners who are not familiar with the use of weak forms are likely to have difficulty understanding native speakers.

14. Why listener want to study stress :listener rely on stressed patterns to help them identify words . There are three ways to signal the stressed syllables. Lengthen it , say it louder with clear vowel , raise the pith.

15. When speakers of English are speaking , they arrange words into groups and join together the stressed and unstressed words within the group . They move smoothy from one word to the next without making any sudden stops . This phenomenon of joining words together is called linking.

16. 五种连音方法

○To blend or join the final consonant of one word with the initial vowel of the following word . 前辅音后元音连读

○To link the final vowels and /з:/ to /?/a following vowel by adding the sound ,which is called linking-r . 以和结尾，后面元音开头或以结尾的，在连读中间加上

○To make smooth transitions when words are separated by more than two consonants , i.e. Treat them as consonant sequences. 后面两个字母

相同，省掉一个

○To make smooth transitions when the preceding word ends with a vowel and the following word begins also with a vowel sound by adding a slight /j/ or /w/. 发/i:/ /i/以三个/Ι/的双元音加，以/u/ /u:/以及双元音带/u/的用/w/.

○To change the pronunciation of some final and initial consonants. 同化现象：/t/+/j/=/t / /d/+/j/=/dз/

17. What is the rhythmic pattern in English :rhythm in English speech is based on stress, it is formed by the recurrence of stressed syllables at more less iegular intervals of time and by the ilternation of stressed and unstressed syllables.

18.A rhythm unit : is formed by a stressed syllable , together with unstressed syllables which may come before that stress and /or after it . 19.We call the melody of language intonation . Intonation refers to the total pattern of pitch changes ,i.e., the rising and falling of the voice when

a person is speaking.

20.Intonation :rising and falling .falling-rising it refers to the total patter of pitch changes.

21.English has two basic intonation patterns : rising and falling.

22.Intonation units are also called intonation-groups , tone groups or tone-units . It may contain several syllables , some of them stressed and some unstressed.

23.The last stressed syllable is usually a market of the highest importance and has the focus stress.

24.A nucleus refers to the syllable in an intonation unit which carries maximal prominence.

P=Pre-head

H=Head

N=Nucleus

T=Tail

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C. D. （）10. A. B. C. D. . . (15%) ( ) 1. A . ( ) 2. . ( ) 3. / i: / / ? /. ( ) 4. / k / / g / . ( ) 5. , . ( ) 6. . ( ) 7. a . ( ) 8. , . ( ) 9. A a a a . A . ( )10. . . . ( 1 , 20%) 1. () , , , , . , , ; , , . 2. A . 3. : , . 4. , a a , .

5. , : 1) ; 2) . V. . (20%). 1. “” . A. B. C. 2. . , . A. B. C. a 3. . A. B. C. 4. “”, “”, “”“”, “c”“k” . A. B. C. 5. “ .” . A. ’s . B. ’s . C. . 6. I’ . A. B. a C. 7. a ? A. B. C. 8. ? A. B. C. 9. a . A. B. C. ? 10. :

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