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关于英语中语音的几个概念

关于语音的几个概念

1) 字母：语言的书写形式。

2) 音标：词的语音形式。

3) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

单音节指音标中含有一个元音，eg.bed,cup

双音节是音标中含有两个元音，eg.mutton,paper.

多音节指音标中含有三个或三个以上的元音，eg.beautiful,expression

5) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。

英语中有20元音。

6) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。

英语中有28辅音。

7) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音he, go, hi

8) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it

9) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

元音和辅音

元音（长音和短音）.

长音就是发跟它们本身的名字一样的音。

如①ay, ai a+e 就发跟字母A的音一样②ee.ea 跟字母E一样③i+e, ie跟字母I 一样

④o+e,ow 跟字母O一样,u+e,ui跟字母O一样⑤另外有些特殊的,igh也发字母I的音短音发音短促、清脆、有力。

辅音很多跟拼音差不多,主要就是要记混音(blends)

bl,cl,sl etc.和合音(digraphs) ch, sh, th . y是个半元音fly [ai] snowy [i]

元音字母辅音字母

①元音字母是26个字母中的a, e, i (y), o, u,

②其他除y 和r 是半元音字母

③其余都是辅音字母

元音音素和辅音音素

其中元音音素20个，有的书将[ts] [dz] [tr] [dr] 也归为辅音即有28个辅音，共48个音素

元音音素可分单元音和双元音两大类，单元音又可分为长元音和短元音：

单元音

长元音[i:] [?:] [u:] [?:] [ɑ:]

短元音[ i ] [?] [u] [?]

双元音可分为合口双元音和集中双元音：

合口双元音[ei] [ai] [?i] [au] [?u]

集中双元音[i?] [??] [u?]

单元音按发音时舌的活动范围分，可分为前元音、中元音和后元音：

前元音[ i:] [ I ] [e]、[?]

中元音[?] [?:] [?]

后元音[ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u]

辅音音素按声带是否振动可分为清辅音和浊辅音两类：

清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [h] [tS]( [ts]) ([tr])

浊辅音[b] [d] [G] [v] [ [z] [D] [W] [dW] ([dz])([dr]) [m] [n] [Y] [l/] [r] [w] [j]

an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音音素前

元音音素：如[ei] [i] [ai] [ou] [a] [au]......

如an apple , an orange.有特例hour（小时）的h不发音，所以也算是元音开头的单词an hour 辅音音素：如[b] [p] [t] [f] [g] [h]......

如a cat, a bus, a telescope，a person ( person 第一个字母发音[p], 是辅音, 则前用a 所有的英语元音音标和辅音音标

一、元音部分：

1）单元音：[i:]、[i]、[?:]、[?]、[u:]、[u]、[?:]、[?]、[ɑ:]、[?]、[e]、[?]

2）双元音：[ei]、[ai]、[?i]、[??]、[u?]、[i?]、[au]、[?u]

二、辅音部分：

[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]、[f]、[v]、[s]、[z]、[θ]、[e]

[tr]、[dr]、[ts]、[dz]、[m]、[n]、[?]、[h]、[l]、[r]、[j]、[w]

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