雅思写作小作文的四部曲

雅思写作小作文的四部曲

雅思写作包含两篇作文，分别是Task 1的小作文和Task 2的大作文。雅思写作小作文至少写150字，主要是对所提供的数据、图表加以描述；大作文至少写250字，主要是就某个主题发表自己的想法和意见。从现在开始，我会手把手教大家攻克雅思写作。今天我们先来讲讲雅思小作文的基本脉络，也就是传说中的小作文四部曲：审题、构思、写作、检查。

雅思Task 1的小作文主要考我们解释说明信息的能力，这些信息通常以图解、表格和插图的形式呈现。我们必须用自己的话说明这些信息，不能以注释的形式进行写作。文章字数不能少于150字，建议写作时间不要超过20分钟。要记住，小作文是不需要我们表达自己的观点或做评价的。与大作文相比，小作文更模式化一些，也就是套路用得更多一些。下面我们结合例子来说明。

The line chart below shows the growth of households with personal computers in the U.S. Write a short report for a university lecture describing the changes.

题目和图都看完了吧，现在我们就开始进行雅思写作小作文的四部曲：

1.审题

雅思写作Task 1的题目说明通常是要求考生向大学老师写一份报告。为了达到写作目的，我们最好能假定老师没有见过图表材料，你的这篇报告是老师获取数据的唯一来源，这样老师在看完你的报告后能通过你所描述的数据能在脑海里绘制出一个图表。如果能达到这种效果的话，那说明你这篇作文就是棒棒的啦。

那要怎么做才能达到这种效果呢？通常题目会设定一个背景,告诉考生数据的来源、内容或含义（如图例中的growth of households with personal computers）。题目往往说明该数据来自某个国家(如图例中的U.S.)，这只是出题者为了使数据显得更真实，我们不需要对该国情况进行探讨或描述。所有有效信息都包含在题目与图表中。

2.构思

审完题后就要开始对文中进行构思了，主要分两个步骤，第一个是分析图表的主要特征，第二是弄清写作重点及选用适当的分析方法。观察图例，我们可以采用显著特征描述法分析曲线关键点。

分析图表的主要特征是雅思写作的基本内容。我们需要弄清图表所表达的问题、主要规律等等；对于多个图表的组合题目，还需要分析各图表间的关系。

图表往往有很多数据，但不是每个数据都需要描述，一是因为作文篇幅有限，二是因为有的数据并不具备代表性或重要性。

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接下来选择分析方法。分析方法一般有数据分析法、数据比较法、平铺直叙法和显著特征描述法，具体选用什么方法，要根据图表的特征来定。

3.写作

在确定了题目的要求和写作方向后，就可以开始确定文章结构了，主要包括文章分几段；每段描述哪些数据；各段间的顺序该如何安排。图表作文一般可分为引言、正文和结尾三大部分。

开好引言段，把握主题句的准确表达

引言开头直接写主题句，开门见山、简洁明了地表达出你在图表中所看到的信息。一般来说，引言段的主题句要表明文章引用的信息出自表格还是示意图，其内容指的是什么等等。另外，该主题句还应说明图中数字代表什么，所指对象及相应的人和时间。

其实主题句在写作命题中的background sentence就能找到，但千万不要原封不动地抄下来！自己重新组织语言，变换一下同义词或句式。反正意思可以一样，表达不一样就行了。

回忆一下图例题目的background sentence：

The line chart below shows the growth of households with personal computers in the U.S.

那我们就可以把主题句改写成：

The line graph illustrates the gradually increasing trend of households with personal computers in America from 1980 to 1988.

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看，line chart变换成line graph（性质）, shows变换成illustrates, growth of households变换成gradually increasing trend （内容），in the U.S.变换成in America（背景）。为了使信息更详尽，最后把时间也加上，这个时间在图中的横坐标就能找到。是不是超级简单？是。

既然图表的性质、内容、背景和时间都有了，那读者自然就能在脑子里刻画出一个大概的轮廓啦。

?描写图表

在描写图表时，应重点描写体现图表主要特点或总体变化规律的数据或信息，无关紧要的数据或变化可以忽略掉。另外还要注意衔接词和转承短语的使用，把句子之间的逻辑关系表达清楚。

?结尾段不要下结论

和Task 2的大作文不同，小作文结尾是不需要考生对图中的信息下结论的，也不需要表达自己的见解，所以千万别闹！题目没有要求，我们就不要挖坑给自己跳了。

4.检查。

无论你在考场上紧不紧张，大家在写作过程中多多少少都会犯一些小错误，比如拼写错误啊，语法错误啊，书写不规则啊，数字表达不清啊之类的，所以写完后一定要至少检查一遍，避免因一些低级错误而失分。

总结一下，雅思写作Task 1的小作文基本就是按审题、构思、写作、检查这四部曲展开。即便是掌握了这几个套路，也得多加练习才能真正上手。

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1. 该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化。 2. 该柱状图展示了... 3. 该图为我们提供了有关...有趣数据。 4. 该图向我们展示了... 5. 该线形图揭示了... 6. 这个曲线图描述了...的趋势。 7. 数据(字)表明... 8. 该树型图向我们揭示了如何... 9. 该数据(字)可以这样理解... 10. 这些数据资料令我们得出结论... 11. 如图所示... 12. 根据这些表(数字)... 13. 如表格所示... 14. 从图中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化。 15. 从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到... 16. 这个图表向我们展示了... 17. 该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b的比例关系。 18. 该图描述了...总的趋势。 19. 这是个柱型图，描述了...

20. 如图所示，两条曲线描述了...的波动情况。 21. 在...至...期间，...基本不变。 22. 在...年到...的期间 23. 1995年至1998三年里... 24. 从那时起... 25. ...月(年)至...月(年)...的数量基本不变。 26. 数字急剧上升至... 27. ...至...期间...的比率维持不变。 28. ...的数目在...月(年)达到顶点，为... 29. 比率维持在... 30. ...的比例比...的比例略高(低)。 31. ...与...的区别不大。 32. 该图表表明...的数目增长了三倍。 33. ...逐年减少，而...逐步上升。 34. ...的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点，为...百分点。 35. 数字(情况)在...达到底部。 36. 数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。 37. a是b的...倍。 38. a增长了...

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P i e c h a r t In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source(50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power(each producing 20 units) and oil，which produced only 10 units. 在1980年，澳大利亚使用煤作为主要的电力来源（50 units），剩下的电力由天然气，氢能（两者各产生20 units）和石油，它仅仅只产生10 units。 By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%. 到了2000年，煤已经成为了产生超过75%电力的能源了，同时只有氢能继续成为另一个重要的供应来源，大约是20%。 In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. 相比之下，法国在1980年用煤供电只有25 units，这和天然气相同。 The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. 剩下的40 units 主要都产生于石油和核能，其中氢能只贡献了5 units。 But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units.

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(数据仅供参考)

2016年1月30日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1 Task 1 The diagram shows how an office building looks at present and the plan for its future development. 2016年2月18日雅思写作真题之雅思小作文TASK1

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