(完整word版)高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习

Grammar Presentation---动词不定式

一、不定式的句法功能

●不定式作主语

?To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。

◎不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后

?It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。

●不定式作宾语

◎作动词宾语

◇下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, ?They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。

◇如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。

下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, make ?I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day.

我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。

●不定式作表语

◎不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容

?The first step is to check the victim’s breathing.

第一步是检查受害人的呼吸。

●不定式作补语

?I’d like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.我希望这个问题在下一次会上讨论。

●不定式作定语

?The students have a lot of homework to do every day.学生们每天都有很多家庭作业要做。

●不定式作状语

不定式可以作原因状语、结果状语、目的状语以及方式状语

不定式在下列句式中作目的状语：so as to do, in order to do

?In order to ensure your hair looks its best, pay attention to what you eat.

为了保证你的头发是最佳状态，请注意你的饮食。

二：不定式考点归纳：

考点1：不定式的时态和语态：

1.---Is Bob still performing?

---I’m afraid not. He is said ____the stage already as he has become an official.

A. to have left

B. to leave

C. to have been left

D. to be left

2.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.

A. to tell

B. to be told

C. telling

D. told

1．A. 根据句子的意思“据说他已经离开了舞台”，要用不定式的完成式的主动形式。2．B. 用动词的不定式的被动形式表示结果状语。

考点2：不定式的功能：不定式具有名词的特征，可以作主语或宾语（例5），具有形容词的

特征，可以作表语、定语或补足语（例4）；具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语（例3）。

3.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the

sports stars.（2005 上海卷）

A. had

B. having

C. to have

D. have

4.I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

A. to sound

B. to be sounded

C. sounding

D. to have sounded

5.In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.

A. this

B. that

C. there

D. it

3．C.本题考查不定式作目的状语。“体育球迷们等在体育场外三个小时，目的仅仅是为了看一眼这些体育明星”。

4．A. want后面要选用不定式形式，sound是连系动词，不能用被动语态。

5．D.句子的真正主语是不定式短语to keep order in an important football match形式主语。

考点3：不定式的省略：分为两种：一种是不定式符号“”后面省略实义动词的形式（见考例6）；另一种则是对不定式符号“”的省略（见例7）。

6.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him_______.(NMET2005)

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not

7.Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. (NMET2005)

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

6．A. tell sb. to do sth. 的意思是“告诉某人做某事”，其否定形式是在to前面加not。英语中，为了避免重复，常用省略形式，因此这个句子省略了do it。选项B如果加上it，也是正确的。

7、B．make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice等动词，后面接不定式作宾补语时，常省略不定式to。但是，当这类动词用于被动结构作主语补足语时，动词不定式必须带to。

考点4：不定式的否定形式

动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号“”前面直接加上，有进为了强调也可以用否定词来否定（见考例8、9）

8.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.(NMET1999)

A. not make

B. not to make

C. not making

D. do not make

9.The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.(2003北京卷)

A. don’t make

B. not make

C. not making

D. not to make

8、B．动词不定式to make life easier和not to make it more difficult都作is的表语。做这类题目时，要比较非谓语动词的形式，前后要保持一致，后面不能省略to。

9、D．本题考查动词不定式的否定形式作宾语，句子的意思为：老师叫我们不要制造很大的噪音。

考点5：不定式的搭配形式：不定式常常独立存在的，如果强调其所表动作的时间、地点、内容、方式等时，可出现“疑问+不定式”的结构；强调动词不定式所表动作的使用工具、范围等时应使用“不定式+介词”的结构（见考例10）。

10.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______.（NMET2002）

A. it what to do with

B. What to do it with

C. what to do with it

D. to do what with it

10、本题考查“疑问+不定式”和动词作短语do with的用法。根据本题的句意可以看出，由于know不可以直接跟动词不定式而排除D；“疑问+不定式”结构当然要把疑问词置于前面，从而排除A；what…do with…实际上是一个常用的短语，在短词中what作do的宾语，句中的it作介词with的宾语，故选C。

Focused Practice (1)---不定式

Ⅰ．基础巩固用动词的适当形式填空

1．While she lived, her front gate was always locked and no one ever saw her (leave) or saw anybody (go) in.

2.The thieves happened (quarrel) about the treasures when the police went in.

3.It is not difficult (learn) a foreign language if you spend time and effort on it.

4.He was ever so happy (admit) to the army.

5. The student pretended (study) hard when his mother came in.

6.Charles Babbage is generally considered (invent) the first computer.

7.The magazines are not allowed (take) out of the reading room.

8.Would you like (go) with me or would you rather (stay) at home ?

9.My work is (clean) the room every day.

10.She lets her children (play) in the street.

Ⅱ.运用提高根据汉语提示完成下列句子。

1．我把做最后决定的事交给你了。

I will leave it to you .

2.我昨天听见她在隔壁唱过一首歌。

I heard her in the next room yesterday.

3.有人看见她胳膊下夹着一本书走进教室。

She was seen with a book under her arm.

4.我会认为他是一个诚实的人。

I will consider him .

5.问题一提出，他第一个举起手。

When the question was out, he was the first one .

6.他没有及时意识到问题重要性。

He was the last of this problem.

7.他是个很难对付的老师。

He is a tough teacher .

8.恐怕我不能参加你的晚会了，因为我有很多事情要做。

I am afrai d l can’t attend your party, for l have .

9.我碰巧知道你那个问题的答案。

I happen to your question .

10.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

It seemed selfish of him anything .

Keys:

I. 1.leave; go 2. to be quarreling 3. to learn 4. to have been admitted 5.to be studying

6. to have invented

7.to be taken

8.to go; stay

9. to clean 10.play

II. 1.to make the final decision 2. sing a song 3.to walk into the classroom

4.to be an honest man

5. to raise his hand

6. to realize the importance

7.to deal with 8.too many things to do 9.to know the answer 10.not to give them

Home Assignment

（）1.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to .

A. sit

B. sit on

C. be seat

D. be sat on

（）2.—l usually go there by train.

.—Why not by boat for a change ?

A. to try going

B. trying to go

C. to try and go

D. try going

（）3.Paul doesn’t have to be made He al— ways works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

（）4.Tell him the window.

A. to shut not

B. not to shut

C. to not shut

D. not shut

（）5.She pretended me when l passed by.

A. not to see

B. not seeing

C. to not see

D. having not seen

（）6.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter after drinking.

A. never to drive

B. to never drive

C. never driving

D. never drive

（）7.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him .

A . not to B. .not to do

C. .not do it

D. do not to

（）8.The patient was warned oily food after the operation.

A .to eat no B. eating not

C. not to eat

D. not eating

（）9. — The light in the office is still on.

— Oh, l forgot .

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

（）10. She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

Keys:

1-5 B D B B A 6-10 A A C C C

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高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习

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充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”） I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程） 但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. （我看到他们正在争论谁该扫地，并不一定看到了整个过程） 充当状语（目的，原因，结果状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致） I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. （目的状语） I’m sorry to bother you.（原因状语） He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. （结果状语，only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果） 充当定语（不定式作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面） I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. 一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”，有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）时，通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （否定式中“to”不能省略）

动词不定式用法大全

动词不定式用法大全 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一

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如： Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式： (1)在固定词组had better之后。 注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 如： You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷，你最好不要出去。 (2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如： I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。 (3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。 Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省

动词不定式练习题及讲解说课讲解

动词不定式练习题及 讲解

动词不定式用法要点讲解 一、作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： ①It＋be＋名词＋to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. 二、作宾语 ⒈不定式作宾语 ①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如： agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接 th at引导的从句。如： When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot. ②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。 He feels it his duty to help the poor. ③介词but,except,besides+to do(do) 在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to 不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. ⒉部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。 在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，如：Your handwriting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。 在下列情况下，一般要用不定式： ①hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee. ②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. ③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：I soon began to understand what was happening. 3．advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如： Our teachers don't permit our/us swimming in the lake. Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake. 4．部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。 ①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如： We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. ②mean to do 打算做某事 ;mean doing 意味着…… ③try to do 设法尽力做某事; try doing 试着做某事 ④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）; stop doing 停止做某事 ⑤can't help doing 禁不住…; can’t to do不能帮助干…… ⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事; doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续 ⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么（目的状语）; leave doing停下某事 三、做表语 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 四、作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： Have you anything to be taken to your sister? 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除