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语言与文化自考试题

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全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试

语言与文化试题

课程代码：00838

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)

1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.

A. writing

B. speech

C. body language

D. native language

2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However, a person who cannot speak is no rmally regarded as “disabled”. This fact shows _____.

A. speech existed long before the writing system came into being

B. normal children always learn to speak first

C. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily life

D. written symbols are designed to represent speech

3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gove rnment official.

“Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.

A. conceptual

B. connotative

C. social

D. affective

4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?

A. house-warming—房屋供暖

B. wall clock—挂钟

C. stop watch—跑表

D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜

5. I n which sentence does “it” function only as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything? Sentence 1: It is raining.

Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.

Sentence 3: It is very cold.

Sentence 4: It is my book.

A. Sentence 1,2

B. Sentence 3,4

C. Sentence 1,2,3

D. Sentence 2,3,4

6. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?

A.0

B.l

C.2

D.3

7. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.

A. No, it’s not good at all.

B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.

C. You are so nice to say so.

D. My cooking is poor.

8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.

A. when people want to pass in front of others

B. when people want to leave a party

C. when people are a few minutes late for an appointment

D. when people want to excuse themselves from company

9. “Red tape” means _____.

A. a red cassette

B. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulations

C. the necessary official rules and regulations

D. a red string

10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” can be“ _____”.

A. rats desert a sinking ship

B. a small leak will sink a great ship

C. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main sea

D. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark

11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?

A. a girl’s dress

B. alarm

C. unhappy feelings

D. a sad day

12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?

A. a huge guy

B. a wealthy man

C. good at

D. clumsy

13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.

A. 殿下

B. 皇帝

C. 陛下

D. 圣上

14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do better work with help”, he might mean that the student is _____.

A. slow

B. lazy

C. cheating in class

D. lying

15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.

－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?

－Yes, they are.

A. coherence

B. cohesion

C. connection

D. conduction

16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?

“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets. A. additive B. adversative

C. causal

D. temporal

17. Uranium is the god of _____.

A. heavens and father of Titans

B. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of Jupiter

C. agriculture and father of Jupiter

D. the sky and the king of the gods

18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.

A. loan words

B. adjectives

C. punctuation marks

D. long sentences

19. Crossi ng one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.

A. surprise

B. good luck

C. victory

D. frustration

20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.

A. relative rights

B. relationship

C. distance

D. relative obligation

II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?

A. red

B. greenhouse

C. 钉子

D. 叮当

22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language. Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?

A. My god!

B. It’s my book.

C. You are a liar.

D. You are a student.

23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?

A. bees

B. map

C. her

D. nicer

24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?

A. 蒋飞扬

B.贾元春

C. 蔡国庆

D.潘长江

25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.

A. to be proud

B. to be haughty

C. to be energetic

D. to be arrogant

26. “Purple” in Engl ish culture is often associated with_____.

A. high rank or station

B. low rank or station

C. imperial or royal rank

D. something best

27. Which of the following is the euphemism of “poor”?

A. needy

B. underprivileged

C. shabby

D. disadvantaged

28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.

A. arbitrarily

B. hypotactically

C. paratactically

D. randomly

29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.

A. head-scratching

B. hand gestures

C. lip-biting

D. head nods

30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.

A. private

B. public

C. primary

D. secondary

III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)

31. The thinking in which images are particularly attended to is called _____ thinking, which the Chinese people are particularly good at.

32. The Thames is a _____ in Britain.

33. The derivational morpheme in word “teacher” is_____.

34. Terms of family relationships like mother, father, son, uncle, or more familiar terms like mom, dad, and aunty are termed as standard _____.

35. The English equivalent for “坐失良机” is “to miss the _____”.

36. In English _____ is often used metaphorically to mean gloomy or dismal.

37. Terms of humility are used to show the speaker’s _____.

38. Induction means the drawing of a general _____ from a number of known facts.

39. ____ in English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person, especially a woman.

40. Of the five categories of gestures _____ are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society.

IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

41. What are the properties of culture?

42. Bot h “pretty” and “handsome” mean nice looking. But “pretty” is often used together with “girl”, “woman”, “flower”, etc. “Handsome” frequently appears together with “boy”，“man”,“car”, etc. In what meaning are these two words different?

43. Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture.

44. How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?

V. Translation. (18%)

45. He is not a man to act rashly.

46. She is in a family way.

47. your father(用敬语翻译)

48．您先请进。

49．牛皮纸

50．她是那种宁为鸡首不为凤尾的人。

VI. Discuss the following topics. (20%)

51. In the United States, the black people used to be called as nigers. which is quite offensive. State the euphemisms of nigers in time consequence.

52. Explain the kinds of societies that are divided based on psychological time orientation.

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The Relation between Language and Culture Abstract: Different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Knowing the language and cultural backgrounds can help our communication. Instead, it will cause many communicative barriers. In this paper, we summarize the relationship between language and culture. And example to explain it’s impact on cross-culture communication. 摘要：不同的国家有不同的语言和文化，语言和文化是相互依赖、相互影响的，语言是文化的重要载体，另一方面，文化对语言也有制约作用。了解语言文化知识有助于我们的交际。相反地，缺乏语言文化背景知识必然会导致交际障碍。本文列举了语言与文化的关系，并举例说明了这种关系对跨文化交际的影响。 key words: language, cultures, relationship, communication 关键词：语言，文化，关系，交际 1. Introduction As we all know that different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Language plays a very important role in all human activity. It’s one of the indispensable part of the social life of human. You can not imagine the world would be without language. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of human language is so mystical that people do not acquaint it entirely so far. Culture is the product of social life and national spirit. In other words, culture is the genetic code of difference among the various nation, country and region. Every country has its own culture formation and individuality. This special culture is one of the most important source of affinity and cohesion of a country. For this reason, we must protect and develop the culture of the various nation, country and region, keep variety of our global culture. 2. Relationship between language and culture Relationship between language and culture can be summarized as the following: (1). Language is part of culture. Like other cultural phenomenon, language is also a social phenomenon, it occurred with the production of society, and develops with the development of society. The language is with nationality, different nationalities often have different languages; Language is also human creation. It is the most important spiritual wealth of human society .We can say that language has all the attributes of culture, so language is also a kind of culture, one of the many cultural phenomenons. The human language is not only an integral part of culture, and also the most important part. (2).Language is the main carrier of culture. Although language is part of culture, other cultural phenomenon generally can't exist being independent from language. Only through language, culture can be preserved, extended and spread.

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