美国文学复习
美国文学复习整理
一、 殖民主义时期的文学（colonial settlements ）&
理性和革命时期文学（revolutionary period ）（文艺复兴时期） 1. 清教主义的shaping influence 2. 代表人物
1． Anne Bradstreet 安妮·布莱德斯特
“T he Tenth Muse ”
第一位移民诗人
2. Philip Freneau 菲利普·佛瑞诺
有宗教隐喻，关注本土地貌、人文。写印第安人故事。
美国诗歌之父 father of American poetry
代表作《野金银花》The Wild Honey Suckle
3. Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊
起草了独立宣言 The Declaration of Independence 1776
4. Thomas Paine 托马斯·佩因
拥护独立宣言
早期殖
民文学
代表作：《常识》Common Sense
《理性时代》The Age of Reason
5.Jonathan Edwards乔纳森·埃德沃兹
大觉醒运动的代表人物 the Great Awakening
6.Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林
代表作：《自传》The Autobiography
《穷理查德历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac
美国梦的代表
二．浪漫主义时期的文学（American Romanticism）
早期浪漫主义（Early Romantic Period）
1.背景：1> 时间：18世纪末到内战爆发前夕（1861）
2> 条件：○1国家的快速发展，大量移民和工业化发展
○2小说的发展，期刊杂志（periodical）出现
○3受英国文学的影响
2.浪漫主义的基本特征
1>Stressing emotion rather than reason
2>Stressing freedom and individuality
3>Idealism rather than materialism
4>Writing about nature, medieval legends（中世纪传说）and with
supernatural elements.
3.美国浪漫主义文学的特征
Imitative， Independent， newness， to moralize and to edify（教化）
4.文学常用主题：
Home， family， nature， children， idealize love， major problems of American life
5.代表人物
1.Washington Irving（华盛顿·欧文）
1>短篇小说的代表，美国文学之父（因为是第一位被欧洲接受的美国
作家）
2>写作特点：○1Amuse and entertain
○2He is good at enveloping his stories in an atmosphere
○3Humor
○4Avoid preach
3>代表作：《见闻札记》The Sketch Book 地位：the first modern
short stories
《瑞普·凡·温克尔》 Rip Van Winkle
《睡谷传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
4>见闻札记标志着美国浪漫主义文学的开始
美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家the first great prose
stylist
2.James Fenimore Copper Cooper 詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀
1>代表作：《皮袜子故事集》Leatherstocking Tales
《杀鹿者》The Deerslayer
《最后的莫希干人》The Last of the Mohicans
《探路者》The Pathfinder
《开拓者》The Pioneers
《草原》The Prairie
2>主人公Natty Bumppo 是一个追求自由的人物，诚实，朴素，慷慨。浪漫主义文学巅峰（summit）
1.新英格兰超验主义（New England Transcendentalism）
1>主要特征：○1Place emphasis on spirit, or the oversoul（超灵）
○2Stressing the importance of the individual
○3Nature is symbol of spirit
2>Nature《论自然》was written by Emerson, which is regarded as
the bible of new England transcendentalism.
3>《日晷》杂志出版 Dial
2.代表人物：
1.Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
1>超验主义思想引入新英格兰的先驱，被看作是超验主义运动的领袖，
爱默生首先强调的是个人主义、思想独立和自强，他崇尚英勇，并
不忌讳变化和有冲突的思想
2>代表作: 《论自然》Nature 宣言书;
《论美国学者》The American Scholar
2.Henry David Thoreau 亨利·戴维·梭罗（爱默生的徒弟）
1>代表作：《瓦尔登湖》Walden
《论公民之不服从》Civil Disobedience
2>当时未被认可，影响了托尔斯泰，马丁路德金等人。
3.Hawthorne 霍桑
1>代表作：《红字》The Scarlet Letter
赏析：The Scarlet Letter
主题：Darkness in human nature
At first, it is a token of shame, “adultery”but the genuine
sympathy and help Hester offers to her fellow villagers change
it to “able”. Later in the story, the letter A appears in
the sky, signifying “angel”. There is reason to agree with
article observation the A may represent Adamic. “A” stood
for adultery on her breast finally became the symbol of
angel(A).
写作特点：○1 American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritan moralism.
清教思想融入美国浪漫主义
○2 Structurally compact in a tiny frame and
contains deep meaning.
结构紧凑，蕴含深意
○3 He used supernatural 超自然手法
Hester’s 形象分析：She was a real individual and dare to challenge the gender concept
in people’s mind with her own action. a strong-willed，
impetuous（冲动的，鲁莽的）， passionate compassionate（富于同情心的）， maternal （母亲般的），
intelligent， capable
Herman Melville 赫尔曼·麦尔维尔
代表作：《大白鲸》Moby Dick
象征对大自然和真理的探究。
浪漫主义文学诗歌（the 19th century American Poetry）
1.代表人物
1.Walt Whiteman沃尔特·惠特曼
1>写作手法：free verse 自由体诗
2>主题内容：democracy, individual
代表作：《草叶集》Leaves of Grass
《哦，船长！我的船长》O Captain！My Captain！
赏析：One’s Self I Sing 《我歌唱自我》
The poem mainly expresses that people should be filled with enthusiasm, impulsion and power. Besides, people should be optimistic. Under the divine laws, people should enjoy the rights freely.
2.Emily Dickinson艾米丽·狄金森
1>代表作：《最美妙的胜利感觉》Success is Counted Sweetest
主题：爱情&死亡很少涉及政治&战争等男性题材
赏析：The theme is that only those who never been successful would think that success is so important. The loser is the one who craves success as the winner fades into a neutral state of emotion
她的诗歌富有激情，诗歌都很短，很多诗建立在一个简单的意象
或象征之上，成功对于失败者来说是最甜蜜的，就像人们在受尽
煎熬时喝到的花蜜，只有战败之人（defeated， dying）可以体
会。比喻得当。
Purple host：胜利之师army
He：垂死战败者
3.Allan Poe 爱伦坡
1>写作特点：twisted，Gothic Style
2>地位：Father of modern short story
Father of detective story
Father of psychoanalytic criticism
3>代表作：诗：《安娜贝尔·李》Annabel Lee
小说：《瓦舍古屋的倒塌》The Fall of the House of Usher
《一桶酒的故事》The Cask of Amontillade
《乌鸦》 The Raven
《椭圆形画像》The oval Portrait
三．现实主义文学（The Literature Of Realism）
1.背景：1> 发现问题，想要解决；报业发展
2>自然主义是现实主义的分支，环境在其中起了很重要的作用，自
然主义是在科学，心理学，人类行为以及社会思潮理论影响下派
生的现实主义，尽管经常揭露残酷的现实，但是旨在通过社会改
革来完善社会制度。德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》是代表。
2.代表人物：
1.上流社会：
亨利·詹姆斯（Henry James）
代表作：早期：《贵妇的画像》The Portrait of a Lady
《鸽翼》The Wings of the Dove
2.中产阶级：
威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯（Howells）现实主义作家
代表作：《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》The Rise of Silas Lapham
3.穷人阶层：
马克·吐温（Mark Twain）
1>地方特色主义（乡土文学）（local colorism）19世纪晚期在美
国南方作家中流行的写作风格，它使用大量方言，俚语。马克吐
温是代表人物。描绘密西西比河沿岸的风土人情，废奴思想，尊
重人性。
2>代表作：《跳蛙》Jumping Frog
《艰苦岁月》Roughing It
《镀金时代》“The Gilded Age
《汤姆·索亚历险记》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
《密西西比河上的生活》“Life on the Mississippi
《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
赏析：Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
两种因素主导：人的性格特征&环境
（heredity&environment）
Theme：Racism and slavery, in Huckleberry Finn, Twain, by exposing the
hypocrisy of slavery demonstrates how racism distorts the
oppressors as much as it does those who are.
Intellectual and moral education, By
focusing on Huck’s education. He is
especially free from society’s rule,
able to make his own decisions without
restriction. By the novel’s end, Huck has
learned to “read”the world around him. The hypocrisy of “civilized” society,
again and again, Huck encounters
individuals who seem good ------Sally
Phelps, for example------but who Twain
takes care to show are prejudiced
slave-owners.
4.美国自然主义:
1>西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser）
书写小人物的命运
代表作：《嘉莉妹妹》Sister Carrie
赏析：Sister Carrie
被环境左右，被迫选择
It depicted social transgressions by characters who
felt no remorse and largely
escaped punishment, and it used “strong” language and used names of living
persons.
Carrie was influenced by environment factors and her own desires, which gave
her four typically characteristics: unsatiable
desires, violation of traditional
morality, changing from dependence to independence, and disillusionment of
her American Dream.
2>斯蒂芬·克莱恩（Stephen Crane）
代表作：《红色英勇勋章》The Red Badge of Courage
四．现代主义时期（Modern Period）
20世纪20年代的美国文学
背景：一战发生，打击民众的乐观态度，但在20年代，高度繁荣。这个崭新而多变的时代同
样需要创新而丰富的文学表达，文艺界的思想家们逐渐意识到旧的形式已不足以表达新
的现实生活。
1.意象派（Imagism）：1> 特点：○1direct ○2precise ○3free verse
2> 代表人物：
○1庞德（pound）
在庞德眼里，到处一片喧嚣，凄凉，无序和野蛮，写作以简洁和扼要为特点，
深受李白影响——意象并置（juxtaposition of images ）
代表作：《在地铁站》In a Station of the Metro
（意象派的经典之作，诗歌的客体是出现在潮湿、阴暗环境下的面庞，黝黑
树枝上的花瓣是独立的起主导作用的意象，对“人群中的脸庞”生动形象的
比喻）
○2威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯（William Carlos Williams）
自由体诗歌之父
写作特点：清晰的意象，押韵。给事物带来全新的含义。诗人不应该泛泛而
谈，应该详细、具体的写作。平凡之中见伟大
代表作：《红色手推车》The Red Wheelbarrow
赏析The Red Wheelbarrow
平淡景象写出意想不到的效果。色彩鲜明，动静结合。本诗体现了诗人敏锐
的洞察力，节奏感，艺术构思和冷静分析的现实态度。
It write about nature and New England landscape, he use symbolism to show
deep meaning, he was likely to choose traditional forms but modern themes
This an imagery poetry, which forms a picture with ordinary things and provides
a new perspective for observing ordinary things. The whole poem is vivid and
dynamic.
○3T.S.艾略特（T.S. Eliot）
代表作：《荒原》The Waste Land
（是现代文学中的主要经典作品之一，讲述的主题就是第一次世界大
战给人们的启示，荒原意味着西方文明的衰落，现代人在精神上和文
化上的颓废，采用讽刺性对比）
○4华莱士·史蒂文斯（Wallace Stevens）
An American Modernist poet who won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his
Collected Poems in 1955
代表作：《风琴》Harmonium;
○5罗伯特·弗罗斯特（Robert Frost）
代表作《冰与火》Fire and Ice
《雪夜林边驻脚》Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
《未选择的路》The Road Not Taken
2.迷惘的一代（Lost Generation）
1>定义：特指一群从一战结束到大萧条开始前那段时间一直在
巴黎的一群美国文学知识分子。
2>海明威（Hemingway）
○1推动报告文学的发展，强调moment of truth understated style
○2 He was generally regarded as spokesman for the Lost Generation.
○3代表作《永别了，武器》A Farewell to Arms
《太阳照常升起》The Sun Also Rises
《丧钟为谁而呜》For Whom the Bell Tolls
《老人与海》The Old Man and the Sea
○5 Iceberg Theory冰山理论
爵士乐时代（Jazz Age）
1>定义：20世纪20/30年代一、二战之间的时代，主要指北美
地区，强调颓废和享乐主义的倾向，以及个人主义的膨胀。
2>司格特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）
*生平：中产家庭，参军前完成《人间天堂》This Side of Paradise，
婚后第一本《时髦女和哲学家》Flappers and Philosophers，第二
本《美丽的和可诅咒的》，菲茨杰拉德一直被人们误解的是他对富人
的态度。
代表作：《了不起的盖茨比》The Great Gatsby
赏析：The Great Gatsby
菲茨杰拉德的文章行文流畅，感情细腻，并且在措辞修辞方面很有创意。他的散文
朴实优美，总体上和细节上把握的恰到好处。内容丰富多彩。表现了美国人对爱情、
豪华生活和各种欲望无止境的追求。(他的伟大之处在于通过个人经历，找到了一个
民族精神的体现。)
盖茨比的生活模式非常清晰，起初是满怀梦想，渐渐开始失望，最后演变成失败和
绝望。他的了不起，在于他对理想的执着。
绿光指的是梦想，也象征美国梦；象征daisy纯洁，天真，善良的形象；象征盖茨
比破碎的梦想，以及失去意义的美国梦。
绿色象征青春和生命，黛西就是心中向往的光明。
His prose is smooth, sensitive, and completely original in tis diction and metaphors. He
portrayed the hollowness of the American worship of riches and the unending American
dream of love, splendor, and fulfilled desires.
Gatsby’s life follows a clear pattern, at first, a dream, then disappointment, finally a sense
of failure and despair. ,
20世纪30年代的美国文学
经济大萧条时期
1.约翰·斯坦贝克（John Steinbeck）
○2代表作：《人鼠之间》Of Mice and Men
《愤怒的葡萄》The Grapes of Wrath
明确的表达对剥削者和不幸者的同情，写实——经济大萧条，对人性的信念
南方文艺复兴
1.概念：试图寻找自我价值，审视过去和现在。南方作家涌出，扎根于南
方的生活环境
2.主题：反思南方的过去；怀旧
3.代表人物
威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner）
○1不断创新写作手法，第一人称，善用意识流。
○2虚构了杰弗逊镇和约克纳帕塔法县（Yoknapatawpha）
○3代表作：《喧嚣与骚动》The Sound and the Fury
表达了作者对过去幸福美好生活的追忆，一个家族的兴衰成败。
《去吧，摩西》Go Down, Moses
《押沙龙，押沙龙！》Absalom, Absalom!
人性的丧失所带来的不可避免的灭亡
《在我弥留之际》As I Lay Dying
五．美国戏剧
美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
美国文学赏析
Ezra Pound (埃兹拉?庞德) In a Station of the Metro The apparition of these faces in the crowd;人群中这些面孔幽灵般闪现Petals on a wet,black bough.湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的众多花瓣 1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"? These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain. 2.What do "petals" and "bough" stand for? Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd. Robert Frost (1)Fire and Ice Some say the world will end in fire,有人说世界将终结于火, Some say in ice.有人说是冰。 From what I’ve tasted of desire，从我尝过的欲望之果 I hold with those who favor fire.我赞同倾向于火之说。 But if it had to perish twice,但若它非得两度沉沦 I think I know enough of hate.我想我对仇恨了解也够多 To know that for destruction ice可以说要是去毁灭,
美国文学选读名词解释
1.Puritanism（清教主义）: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. 1.) simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. 2.)In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,eapecially hostility to social pleasure and religion . 3.)with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature .to some extentit is a state of mind , a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 4.）Actually it is a code of values , a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds , also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 5）Major topic:American Puritanism Introduction There were no written literature among the more than 500 different Indian languages and tribal cultures，American writing began with the work of English adventurers and colonists in the New World chiefly for the benefit of readers in the mother country. Therefore the writing in this period was essentially two kinds: （1）practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people “at home” what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration; (2) highly theoretical, generally polemical(好辩的）, discussions of religious questions. 2.The American Romanticism(浪漫主义) I. What is Romanticism a literary movement flourished as a cultural force the early period and the late period.
(完整版)美国文学课后答案
1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf. 4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection? It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的). 二、Questions 1.How many characters does Poe include in The Cask of Amontillado? What are these names? Montresor, Fortunato and Luchesi 2. What drink are the French most famous for? Wine 3.Does Montresor have something of great value to him which we might consider to be his treasure? His pride and the pride of his French family heritage. Perhaps his devious plot of revenge. 4.Does Montresor seem to have much respect for Italians? Montresor does not have much respect for Italians. He feels the French are superior, especially with respect to wine. 5.What was Fortunato's insult? Poe does not tell us directly, but only implies it in the third paragraph 6.Which wine does Montresor use to lure Fortunato into the catacombs? "Amontillado" (the Spanish wine; Montresor's ruse to lead Fortunato down into the catacombs. 7.Why does Montresor entertain Fortunato with wines from his collection? Montresor wants to get Fortunato drunk enough to be able to trap him in his plan of vengeance. 8.In what two ways does Montresor imprison Fortunato? He fetters (chains and locks) Fortunato to the wall of the catacombs. He builds a wall to close Fortunato off in a small corner of the catacombs, where Montresor will leave him to die. 9.In what ways is The Cask of Amontillado grotesque? First, which of Montresor's actions are abnormal? The whole obsessive plot of vengeance. The fettering and entombment of Fortunato. Montresor's sick sense of humor. 10.Is there anything grotesque about Fortunato? His obsession with alcohol. His drunkenness. His tendency to berate Luchesi (he may have been drunk and may have insulted Montresor in a similar
美国文学复习资料标准答案
1.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called _________ . the Transcendental Club 2.______ was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. Washington Irving 3.At nineteen___________ published in his brother’s newspaper, his "Jonathan Oldstyle" satires of New York life. 4.In Washington Irving’s work___________ appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. The Sketch Book 5.The first important American novelist was____________. James Fenimore Cooper 6.James Fenimore Cooper’s novel ___________ was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.The Spy 7.The best of James Fenimore Cooper's sea romances was_____________.The Pilot 8."To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of_______________’s work; it has been called by an eminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.”William Cullen Bryant 9.__________ was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet in the world literature. 10.Edgar Allan Poe’s poem____________ is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the English language.The Bells 11.Edgar Allan Poe's poem____________ was published in 1845 as the title poem of a collection. The Raven 12.From Henry David Thoreau’s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay ______. Civil Disobedience By the 1830s Washington Irving was judged the nation' s greatest writer, a lofty position he later shared with James Fenimore Cooper and William Cullen Bryant. In the early nineteenth century, the attitude of American writers was shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantic tradition of Europe. As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical. The foundation of American national literature was laid by the early American romanticists. At mid-19th century, a cultural reawakening brought a "flowering of New England". Romantic writers in the 19th century placed increasing value on the free expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. With a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or villainous, James Fenimore Cooper made the America conscious of his past, and made the European conscious of America.
美国文学赏析整理
一 I heard the merry grasshopper then sing, The black-clad cricket bear a second part, They kept one tune, and played on the same string, Seeming to glory in their little art. Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise? And in their kind resound their maker’s praise, Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays? “Under the cooling shadow of a stately Elm, Close state I by a goodly River’s side, Where gliding streams the Rocks did overwhelm; A lonely place with pleasures dignifi’d. I once that lov’d the shady woods so well, Now thought the rivers did the trees excel, And if the sun would ever shine there would I dwell. “While musing thus with contemplation fed, And thousand fancies buzzing in my brain, The sweet tongu’d Philomel percht o’er my head, And chanted forth a most melodious strain, Which rapt me so with wonder and delight, I judg’d my hearing better than my sight. 题目：the 9th of Contemplations 作者：Anne Bradstreet 赏析： 1. Rhyme royal: sevenline iambic petametre 七行五步抑扬格 2. Rhyme: ababccc 3. Theme: religion 4. 象征：black-clad=death; abject=admitting defeat; maker= god 5. A genuine expression of poetic feeling in the presence of nature. The poem offers the reader an insight into the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering in a new world. The poet heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, and she searched for her own soul accordingly. 6. She saw sth metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan 二 It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined. While my care was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason. I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct. For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method. In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalog more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name. Temperance, for example, was by some confined to eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or
(完整word版)美国文学选择题及答案
美国文学选择题及答案 1. William Faulkner is the author of ______. a. Far From the Madding Crowd b. Sound and Fury c. For Whom the Bell Tolls d. Scarlet Letter 2. Robert Frost is a famous_______. a. novelist b. playwright c. poet d. literary critic 3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ________. a. Jack London b. Charles Dickens c. Samuel Coleridge d. Earnest Hemingway 4. _______refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality. a. Allegory b. Conflict c. Irony d. Flashback 5. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is______. a. Nature b. Walden c. Experience d. Essays 6. Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made a combination of _____and serious literature. a. American folk humor b. funny jokes c. English folklore d. American values 7. Who was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War? a. Fennimore Cooper. b. Nathaniel Hawthorn. c. Walt Whitman. d. Washington Irving. 8. I Have a Dream is addressed by _____. a. Abraham Lincoln b. John F. Kennedy c. Martin Luther King d. Ralph Waldo Emerson 9. Which of the following is NOT a poem by Emily Dickinson? a. This is my letter to the world b. I heard a Fly buzz—when I died c. This is just to say d. Because I could not stop for death 10. Eugene O’Neil is an American ______. a. novelist b. playwright c. poet d. essayist 11. The period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as the _______in the literary history of the United States. a. Age of Realism b. Age of Classicalism c. Age of Romanticism d. Age of Renaissance 12. With “Collected Poems”, ______won the second Pulitzer Prize. a. Ezra Pond b. e. e. cummings c. Robert Frost d. William Cullen Bryant 13. Grass is a poem written by _______.
美国文学题_答案
III Multiple choice (20%) 1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. When her poems were published in England, she became known as the “______” who appeared in America. A Ninth Muse B Tenth Muse C Best Muse D First Muse 2. ______ is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language, characters and customs in regional literature. A purple prose B waste-land imagery C local color D symbolism 3. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as _______. A The Jazz Age B The Gilded Age C The Glorious Age D The Beat Age 4. ___________ was a reaction to the ideas of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment. A Romanticism B Realism C Naturalism D Modernism 5. Although only few of her poems were published in her lifetime and a complete collection of them didn’t appear until the 1950’s, _____ had a major impact on 20th century poetry. A Anne Bradstreet B Gertrude Stein C Emily Dickinson D Amy Lowell 6. Who of the following is NOT a 20th century American poet? A Henry Wordsworth Longsfellow B Amy Lowell C Ezra Pound D Robert Frost 7. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his ______. A International theme B Waste-land imagery C Local color
(完整word版)英语专业美国文学复习资料。.docx
1. The History of American literature The literature of Colonial American (1607-1765) The literature of Reason and Revolution(1765 — 18 世纪末） The literature of Romanticism （ 1800— 1865） The literature of Realism （ 1865— 1918） The literature of Modernism （ 1918－ 1945） The contemporary literature (1945 －Now) 2.Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography That good fortune, when I reflected on it, which is frequently the case, has induced me something to say that were it left to my choice, I should have no objection to go over the same life from its beginning to the end, only asking the advantage authors have of correcting in a second edition some faults of the first. 3.Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. 4.Edgar Allan Poe The Cask of Amontillado I must not only punish, but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong. 5.Washington Irving Rip Van Winkle ( The Sketch Book ) “ Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed, every hour of the day, produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains, and they are regarded by all the good wives, far and near, as perfect barometers. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their bold outlines on the clear evening sky; but, sometimes, when the rest of the landscape is cloudless, they will gather a hood of gray vapors about their summits, which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will glow and light up like a crown of glory.” Interpretations of Rip Van Winkle A New Critical Approach : A peaceful village before Revolution Natural world in the mountains ; A noisy world after revolution ------Irving was unwilling to accept a modern democratic America------both Rip and Irving prefer the past and a dream-like world A Feminist Approach : Rip is a good person with more advantages than disadvantages, and readers always show sympathy on him because he has such bad-tempered wife. It seems that he has good reason to go out from his family. He was forced to go out . In fact , Rip: a lazy ,foolish man,an irresponsible father,a hard-hearted husband.His wife :a hard-working ,thrift woman, a kind ,responsible mother, an able, brave woman. 6.Summit of Romanticism (American Transcendentalism) Emerson Nature & Self-Reliance Thoreau Walden