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英语读写教程(研究生教材)教学参考

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/721862040.html, ewriting14123456www.blog.163/ewriting14

参考答案

Unit One

Part I Comprehension

c b

d a c d b a d c

Part II

A.b c a c d a c b d a c d b a b d a b

B.b d d b c a c b a c d a a a b a c b c a d c a

Part III

a d c

b a

c a b b d

Part V

1.Cake consists of flour,sugar,egg and some other ingredients.

2.The captain of the ship calmly/tranquilly assured the

passengers that there was no danger.

3.The area can easily be worked out if you know the length and

the breadth.Width

4.It is doubtful whether the proposal will

find/obtain/win/receive/gain general acceptance.

5.I reflected on what he had said to me and found it made some

sense.

6.The ambassador personally conveyed the president’s message

to the premier.

7.The police are trying to find out the identity of the man killed

in the accident.

8.On a stormy night the guerrillas made a secret breakthrough

to the enemy-occupied area.

9.The news commentator analyzed the current international

situation with clarity.

10.The peasants supply the workers with food,and the workers

in turn supply the peasants with manufactured goods.

The only hope that I can imagine,and it is certainly a very fragile one,is that we all agree to believe whatever we wish and to worship as we choose,we will accept every human to be as human as we are,worthy of the same respect and care.Mankind is of a piece biologically,physiologically,and psychologically in that we all need love,peace,security,food,clothing and shelter; we must all sleep,reproduce the species and we do it the same

way with the same result.In the mirror you could see me and I could see you,but our cultures have taught us to notice differences in color,speech,clothing,food,marriage,beliefs in their own distinctive way and that sets us apart.

我们都信仰某物或某人。我们必须信仰，正如我们必须吃饭、睡觉和繁衍后代一样。人类信仰众神与魔鬼、巫术与人间奇迹、真理与谎言、爱与恨、同一与差异，并对这些众多信仰有着永无止境的需求和无法抗拒的吸引力。科学家们为了他们的信仰而被处死，因为他们或者认为地球是圆的；或者认为存在着一种看不见的被称为重力的自然力；或者认为地球并非宇宙的中心，而太阳也并不围绕着地球转；或者认为血液在人体内是循环流动的；或者认为人类是从低级的生命形式进化而来的。宗教领袖们用他们的关于生命的起源和道德规范的说教吸引了千百万人。如果人们不相信医学和科学，不相信宗教、教育、政府和社会契约，那么天下将会大乱，而任何社会都不会容忍这种情况，这也正是所有社会都把社会规范强加于他们的成员的原因。我们必须有所信仰，否则就得面对不能忍受的困惑和焦虑。

Part VII

c b

d b a c b d

Unit Two

Part I

d a d d d c b d d

Part II

b c c a d a a a c a c a b a b a d b d c a b c a d c a d a b a d a a b b

Part III

1.discovery

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/721862040.html,cated

3.assistant

4.full

5.chairman

6.director

7.conducted

8.connection

9.particularly10.elements11.shared12.include

13.announced14.honor

Part V

1.She's not fit to be in charge of small children.

2.I feel personal satisfaction comes from doing every job to the best of his ability.

3.You can plan as much as you like,but nothing will change facts.

4.The size of the brain has little to do with intelligence.

5.Are wages keeping up with inflation?

6.Feel free to tell me what you think of her would-be husband.

7.Have you ever thought of what it is like to be homeless?

8.I think that's true in some measure,but the situation is not quite so simple.

9.It'll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather because it will last longer.

10.If you don't speak good English,you'll be at a big disadvantage when you try to get a job.

11.You are right in a sense,but you don't know all the facts.

The author holds that pure science is primarily concerned with the development of theories(or,as they are frequently called,models)establishing relationships between the phenomena of the universe.Applied science,on the other hand,is directly connected with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life,and to man's increasing control over his environment,thus leading to the development of new techniques,processes and machines.It is evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions of purely theoretical or experimental work.This shows that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.

C.(缺)con

Part VII

b b

d b

Unit Three

Part I

a c a d

c c

d a b

Part II

A.a d b c b a c c a b d c b a d

B.a d b d a b c c d d a c a b d

Part III

a c d a

c a c

d b a c b d c b a c d a

Part V

1.Though she is very famous,very little about her private life has ever been known to us.

2.To illustrate his point clearly,he would always draw a picture on the blackboard.

3.It was after her son was sent into prison that the old lady learnt he had committed so many crimes.

4.Nowadays some middle school students were obsessed with the Internet so that they are flunked at the end of the semester.

5.Don’t trust him;he is never as good as his word.

Today I was at the shopping mall and I spent a lot of time reading the Father's Day cards. They all had a special message that in some way or another reflecting how I feel about you.Yet as I selected and read,and selected and read again,it occurred to me that not a single card said what I really want to say to you.

You'll soon be84years old,Dad,and you and I will have had55Father's Days together.I haven't always been with you on Father's Day nor have I been with you for all of your birthdays.It wasn't because I didn't want to be with you.I've always been with you in my heart but sometimes life gets in the way.

在我小的时候，每当我被别人看到和爸爸走在一起，都会感到不自在。他残废得很厉害，个子又矮。只要我们走在一起，他的手搭就搭在我的胳臂上以求平衡。此时人们都要盯着我们看，而我心里总是会对这种令人羞涩和讨厌的注意感到耻辱。如果他察觉到的话，他就不会这样了。

要协调我俩的步伐不是一件容易的事---他一跛一跛的，而我不耐烦---正因为那个原因，我们总是一边走，一边没话要说。但是，每当我们出发的时候，他总是说，“你先启步，我来设法适应你。”我们通常所要走的路是往返家和地铁之间，这就是他如何去上班的。他带病上班，天不好也坚持去。他几乎从来都没有旷工过，即使别人不能去，他也会设法去。真是一件令人自豪的事。

Part VII

b d F

c b a

d d c c

Unit Four

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/721862040.html,prehension

1)c2)d3)a4)d5)c6)a7)c8)d9)a10)a

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

A.Directions:Choose answer a,b,c,or d that best fills in the blank.

1-5:b b b b b6-10:d a c a d11-15:b c a a d16-20:d c b a a

B.Directions:Choose answer a,b,c,or d that best defines the underlined parts.

1-5:c c d c d6-10:b d a a a11-15:b a b c d16-20:a a a d a

Ⅲ.Cloze Test

1-10:b a d c a b d a c b11-20:a d d b c a d c a b

Ⅳ.Translation

English..

A.Translate the following sentences into English

1.The development of networks gives more people access to large amount of

information.

2.Probably no one in the United States had more effect on the daily lives of most people than did

Henry Ford,a pioneer in automobile production.

3.Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job,education

is one of the most competitive areas in Japanese life.

4.One day,you’ll pay for this foolish behavior.

5.Before liberation the labouring people had no access to education.

B．T ranslate the following into Chinese:

国际社会特别强调制订标准和法规，因为它们将给政府制定政策、规范金融市场以及公

司的监督带来新的透明度和秩序。我们一直把注意力放在私有部门在防止和解决金融危机方面应发挥的作用这一艰巨的任务上。另外，在对如何实现资本帐户有秩序的自由化问题还在继续进行辩论。

这些问题是全球化的世界经济潜在弱点的核心。国际金融机构的各种工作要点集中在如何加强个体经济的力量\增进民主进程以及减少特殊利益的影响上.

拟议中的改革的核心是要求在一个密切关联的资本市场防止发生危机，这就需要在国家一级执行严格的政策原则。对于任何一个国家来说，这提供了一个绝好的机会，因为这不仅可以避免国内产生的危机，而且还可以对付从国外传播过来的危机。

C．T ranslate the following into English:

The basic principles and purposes of the WTO are to promote the freedom of world trade by means of market-opening,non-discrimination and fair deal.On November10,2001,China became the one hundred and forty third member of the WTO after the4th conference at ministerial level held in Doha,the capital of Qatar.The resolution on China’s entry into the WTO has been discussed and approved at the conference.China’s entry into the WTO is of historic significance in the modernized construction in our country and indicates that the cause of China’s opening to foreign countries has entered a new period.China will move towards world with more heroic spirit and appearance in the trends of economic globalization.

exe

1.The development of the Internet gives more people access to abundant information.

2.Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States than

did Henry Ford,a pioneer in automobile production.

3.Because having a good university’s educational background helps find a good job,education in Japan is the most competitive.

4.One day you will pay for this stupid behavior.

5.Before liberation,laboring people had no access to education.

The basic tenet of the WTO is to promote the freedom of world trade,through the principle of opening-markets,nondiscrimination,and fair-trade.On Nov10,2001,at the4th ministry-level meeting of the WTO held in Qatar’s capital Qatar,the decision of China's admission to the WTO was discussed and approved.China became the143rd member of the WTO.China’s entry into the WTO is a historic event in our country’s modernization construction,and marks a new phase of our country’s open-door cause.In the trend of globalization,China will march toward the world more heroically.

Text B(SHADES OF GREY)

Comprehension:

d2)d3)a4)c5)d

Unit Five

Part I

a c

b b b d b

c a b

Part II

A.a c b d a c b a c b d c a d b c a a b c

B.a d b a c d b a c b a d c b a c d a b c

Part III

b a

c b

d a b a d c b a b c d

Part V

1.He went into the children’s room to see what they were up to.

2.The little girl turns to her mother for sympathy and help whenever she feels uncomfortable.

3.They supplied an important clue to the bank robbery and all the criminals were arrested.

4.He paid lip service to the need to cooperate with others but usually went his own way.

5.The factory is no longer emitting black smoke into the air from its chimneys as protective

filters are being used.

6.The composer often visits kindergartens to listen to the children sing and try out his new songs

on them.

7.After morning exercises,he took a cold shower and instantly he felt refreshment of body and

mind.

8.His discoveries were hailed as a great step-forward in medicine.

9.He scratched his head and knitted his brows but could not come up with a good method of

increasing the food supply.

10.His courteous behavior is in consistency with his gentle character.

11.Seeing him sitting alone in the corner and smoking,I know he must have had something on his

mind.

12.Steam can generate electricity by turning an electric generator.

13.His mistake mainly lies in the fact that he didn’t attach enough importance to investigation.

14.We are in great need of skilled workers who can assemble cars very quickly.

15.The meeting didn’t break up until eleven o’clock last night.

To get a better understanding of how advertisers persuade us to buy their products,we’d better have a bird’s eye view of human nature.Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing.An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong.Advertisers not only offer free samples,but free cars,free houses,and free trips round the world as well.Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.

广告能够直接促进商品以合理的价格更快地销售，从而建立一个稳固的国内市场，并且可能使商品以具有竞争力的价格出口。它将人们的注意力吸引到新的消费观念上，极大地促进了生活水平的提高。它通过增加对商品的需求来保证对劳动力的需求的势头不减，因此广

告也是对付失业的一种行之有效的手段。它降低了许多服务的成本：没有广告，你每天读的报纸的价格将会是现在的四倍，电视节目收费也要翻番，乘坐公共汽车或地铁的费用也要上涨20%。

也许最重要的是，广告为你所购买的商品和所受到的服务的内在价值提供保证。没有哪个正规的广告商敢推销没能达到广告中所作的许诺的产品。他有可能靠误导性的广告在短时间内蒙骗一些人，但不会长久，因为好在公众很明智，不会再次去买那劣质商品。如果看到某种物品的广告始终如一，经久不衰，那就是我所知道的最好的证明：这物品是名副其实、物有所值的。

Part VII

a c a a

b b

c b c b

Unit Six

Part I

1.d

2.c

3.c

4.d

5.a

6.d

7.a

8.c

9.b10.d

Part II

A 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.d7.b8.b9.a10.b11.a12.b13.b14.a15.c16.a17.b

18.c19.a20.a21.b22.a23.b24.b25.c26.a27.d28.b29.a30.c

B 1.a2.b 3.a4.b 5.a6.c7.a8.a9.c10.d11.b12.a13.b

C 1.trendsetter 2.stereo 3.incorporate 4.perceive 5.gadget 6.scoop7. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/721862040.html,petitors9.subsidiary10.simultaneous11.readying 12.tailored13.audio

Part III

1.a

2.b

3.c

4.a

5.c

6.d

7.b

8.d

9.a10.b11.a12.b13.b14.c15.d16.b17.a 18.b19.a20.c

Part V

1.All the newspapers are struggling to scoop up the latest news happening at home and abroad.

2.The committee has not settled on the date and the place of the meeting yet.

3.If you only dig into the lessons you have learnt before the exam,you are most likely to fail the

exam.

4.From the start,he didn’t expect his song so popular with the public.

5.He prides himself on his ability to speak several languages.

Imagine a world in which almost anyone had access to a huge computer and could use it as easily as he uses the phone today.Experts are suddenly redundant as far as ordinary people are concerned.That is the sort of world the fifth-generation computer will bring.The fifth-generation computer has even more dramatic implications for professionals such as doctors,lawyers,accountants and scientists.All these people are needed because of the knowledge they gained at school and university and the experience they have picked up since.

All that information should be available through a fifth-generation computer.

发明物

发明物：牙刷

发明者：威廉.艾迪斯英国

发明年代：1770年左右

发明经过：艾迪斯因煽动闹事，被监禁在英格兰纽盖特监狱的一间牢房里，除了吃饭，睡觉，思考之外，几乎无所事事。他用很多时间来思考自己刑满之后新的谋生之计。一天早晨，他洗完脸，便开始洗牙齿。他所用的方法跟许多同时代的人一样－－用一块破布擦洗牙齿。追溯到古代，这也是人人奉行的习俗。亚里士多德曾劝告亚历山大帝用破布擦洗牙齿。乔治.华盛顿的牙医建议用破布蘸一点白垩在牙齿上擦洗。此刻这个身陷囹圄的艾迪斯使用的是同样的方法，不过他却认为这个办法效率不高。第二天，他有了主意。他从送来给他吃的肉里留下一小块骨头，在上面钻了一些小洞，然后通过看守得到了一些鬃毛，剪短后扎成一个个小束，在每束的末端涂上胶水，契入骨头上的小洞里。文明世界就这样有了它第一把牙刷。艾迪斯出狱之后，他马上就投身于牙刷制造业，一举成功。

Part VII

b b a

c a

d b c c

Unit Seven

Part I

c b a

d b c d a

Part II

A.b c a b a a d c d a c a b a b d d a b d c a a b d

B.a c d b c b a b d a c a d b b c

Part III

1.falling

2.struck/sounded

3.along/up/down

4.up

5.pushed

6.stop/halt

7.front

8.studied/regarded

9.without10.pretence

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/721862040.html,panion/colleague15.corner

16.bend17.disappear/vanish/go18.like19.time20.goes

Part V

1.He felt out of place in their company.

2.Our employer will not give way to our demands for higher wages.

3.The noise of the children playing hide-and-seek got on the old man’s nerves.

4.The plot of the novel relies too much on coincidence to be realistic.

5.Many people were killed in the head-on collision between the bus and the truck.

6.We had to break off the discussion because it was getting late.

7.The next programme starts in five minutes;in the meantime,here’s some music.

8.A succession of accidents spoiled our car trip.

9.One can always get a taxi at short notice.

10.When he studied English at Beijing University,he made the acquaintance of some Canadian

students.

One Tuesday afternoon,I carelessly left the car key in my car.When I ran out,my car was gone. Three days later,I found the car just parked on the driveway.There was a note on the windshield and two tickets in an envelope.The note said,"Sorry I took your car but needed it for an emergency. Please forgive the inconvenience."Hope you can use the two tickets."My husband and I both guessed it wasn't so bad.After a few hours,we went off to the baseball match.When we were back, there was not a piece of furniture left except the stove!

C（缺）

Part VII

1.setting

Dublin

Irish Civil War

roars of heavy guns

2.characters

a Republican sniper,a Free State sniper

a.has grown accustomed to death

b.careless of his own life

c.endurance and ingenuity

d.He feels revolted by his enemy’s death.He curses the war,he curses himself and he curses

everybody.

a.Republican sniper

b.alert and quick

c.the Republican sniper----his own brother

3.plot

1325746

the first climax

b.stands up and is killed by the Republican with a single shot

c.turned over and over in space and hit the ground with a dull thu

d.the sight of his enemy’s dead body(or his murderous act)

the second climax

b.wants to have a look at the enemy sniper he has killed

d.The Republican sniper turns over the body and finds the dead man to be his own brother.

4.theme d a

Unit Eight

Part I

b d

c a b a c

d a b

Part II

b a d

d b c c a d b d c b a d a b d c a b

Part III

pulls afford aim not apply out common unemployment though confidence down project assessment despite employers

Part V

1.Nowadays lots of fault commodities flood our markets.Sellers,as well as customers,stress that the lack of severe punishment in executing the law is one of the many possible causes of the phenomenon.

2.The thorough analysis of the accident may result in finding out the real reason of it.

3.The investigation board decided to invite a couple of authorities concerned so as to bring more expertise to the investigation.

4.She was criticized by her boss for not being able to fulfill her task in time.No wonder she has been pulling a long face.

5.The police examined the spot carefully and finally ruled out the possibility of her suicide.

The Columbia crash reminds us that space travel is not yet routine,easy,cheap or safe.With seven more astronauts dead,an old question is resurrected.If we want to do space science,aren't robots faster,cheaper and safer than people?In asking, we mean no disrespect to the brave people who ride rockets into space.Nor do we presume that people have no place whatsoever in space.Some jobs,like upgrading the Hubble Space Telescope or exploring the physiological effects of space travel, require people in space.But sending people into space is risky,and hugely expensive,and many of the88research projects on Columbia were largely automated anyway.

With a great deal of space science already being done without a human presence,Columbia's crash cast a cold light on problems at the core of the manned space program.The International Space Station,supposed to be the pride of NASA's fleet,is half-built,short on cash,and dependent on shuttles simply to stay in orbit.As NASA scrambles to feed the space station's insatiable appetite for money,many science projects have been delayed or cancelled.

Part VII

d c b b

Unit Nine

Part I

d c a b d b d b a

Part II

d a c b c a c d b a c d b a c c a c b d c a d b c a d b a d

Part III

1.precedent

2.inevitable

3.Iraqi

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/721862040.html,itary

5.settlement

6.that

7.solution

8. destruction

9.allies10.words11.undermine12.wage13.authorization14.majority 15.Charter

Part V

1.China is appealing for an early end to the Iraq war to lessen the suffering of the Iraqi people

and bring the issue back to the United Nations.

2.China is deeply concerned with the current situation in Iraq and has consistently worked

towards a political solution of the issue.

3.Bush and the Pentagon are planning a war,the purpose of which is to reserve for itself the

right to be the only regional power in this oil-rich area.

4.It is obvious that they want to overthrow Saddam’s government not because they fear

Saddam Hussein's potential to develop weapons of mass destruction but because they want to control over its oil resource.

5.All the peace-loving people of the world should be organized to stop the U.S.war against

Iraq because it can only bring tragedy and sufferings to the humankind.

Who has given them the authority and duty to invade a sovereign country?

The UN Charter is clear.No such war is permitted unless it is self-defence or authorized by the Security Council.Neither the US nor Britain,nor any of their allies,is under attack or any threat of immediate attack by Iraq.Nor has the UN authorized military actions.

The US invasion of Iraq will be of immense world significance,because it has alerted the world to the risks the UN itself faces.

The UN Charter is a treaty,to which192out of a total of196sovereign states around the world are parties.It takes precedence over all other treaties.

The disdain for the world body,shown by the US,has challenged the efforts of the past half-century to create an effective international structure to replace perpetual war with perpetual peace.

If attempts to create such international structure are abandoned,nations will have to depend for their security on military might.

This would inevitably lead to more being spent on swords and less on ploughshares.

This war is not only about Iraq,and it should be stopped immediately.

1991年波斯湾战争的结束却在伊拉克与美国领导的国际力量之间形成了僵局。萨达姆.侯赛因总统被逐出了6年前他侵略的国家――科威特。和平协议要求伊拉克销毁任何化学或生物武器。联合国核查小组定期对这个国家进行搜查以确保生化武器得以销毁。严格的禁运使得伊拉克不能够在国际市场进行石油买卖，直到联合国裁定它已完全符合和平条约为止。

侯赛因声称整个国家已经向核查人员开放，并且要求立即取消禁运令。克林顿声称核查人员正遭到阻碍，制裁应当无限期继续下去。

伊拉克是世界最大的石油生产国之一，在其石油遭到封锁之时，美国和沙特阿拉伯国家的企业界大亨一年赚了几十亿美元。由于一起石油之争侯赛因最初侵略了科威特。作为大石油商，布什总统赚进了成百上千万美元。地区政治是石油政治，在那里，赚钱和亏本是由国际斗争的赢家和输家制造出来的。许多人开始相信，伊拉克会继续受到无限期惩罚，这样，它的石油就进不了市场。美国和英国要继续实施石油禁运，而俄国和法国（它们想从购买中得益并分配伊拉克的石油）想要它们取消石油禁运。随着90年代一年年过去，反对伊拉克的国际阵线正在破裂，联盟中的每个国家都采取了会给其带来最大石油利润的立场。

Part VII

c a

d a c b

Unit Ten

Part I

b c b d d b d b d c

Part II

A c d d c a a b a c d b c b c d a b b c b a d d a a c a b a b c b c c b a a c a b a b a a a b a d

Part III

A b c d a a d a b d c b a c b d b b c d

Part V

1.A whole host of difficulties has/have arisen.

2.This article casts great doubt on the effect of I.Q.tests.

3.At that time,California was on the cutting edge of trends that spread the USA.

4.His illness accounted for his absence from the conference.

5.Pop fans are homing in on the concert site from miles around.

6.We think that the deadline is a tall order and we can never make it.

7.Encouraged by his colleagues,he is determined to see the job through

8.The newly-published encyclopedia breaks down into five major parts.

9.This planting technique guarantees that the vegetables are free from pollution.

10.Does drinking contribute as much as smoking to lung cancer?

Creative thinking has become an objective of our education system.The subject has sparked off many debates－a testimony to the fact that it affects the future development of the country and is, thus,noteworthy.Although creative thinking may have been promoted since some time ago in the

West,it is only budding in our country.Someone even commented that creative thinking cannot be taught,but nurtured.Hence,attempts to hasten the significant task is uncalled for. Nevertheless,I feel that to realize the objective of creative thinking,a few steps should be considered:

1.An environment for creative thinking has to be cultivated.We have to first allow freedom as it is the source of creative thinking.A person can only develop his potentials to the fullest and demonstrate creativity without unnecessary intervention.

必须认识到在各门科学中出现了许许多多的分支学科，这些学科通过开拓高精尖研究的领域，产生了一大批他们有着自己特别课题的专家。与此同时出现了越来越多的学术专刊，这就使得学者们可以了解其他地方的研究情况，并在国际大会上碰头交流。这种接触产生了他们个人之间的友谊，继而出现了几乎所有的合作计划。但是随着分支学科和专家的数量越来越多，研究的范围越来越窄，出现了另一种相反的倾向，这就是跨学科的研究。这主要基于这样一种看法：由于现代世界的发展和单一学科的狭窄领域方面的研究进展，出现了一些极其复杂的难题，而单凭一两人是不能对他们进行很好的研究的。

Part VII

（缺）

Unit Eleven

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/721862040.html,prehension

1)b2)d3)d4)a5)d6)d7)a8)b9)a10)c

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

C.Directions:Choose answer a,b,c,or d that best fills in the blank.

1-5:a b c b d6-10:a a c a b11-15:c c a d d16-20:a c c c d

D.Directions:Choose answer a,b,c,or d that best defines the underlined parts.

1-5:c a b c a6-10:d c d a a11-15:c a d a b16-20:c b d a b

Ⅲ.Cloze Test

1-10:c b a d a d c b a c11-20:b a d d a c b d a d

Ⅳ.Translation

A.Translate the following sentences into English

1.We are merging with the company that supplies components for our cars.

2.The on going discussion of the profile of a“school shooter”certainly makes his image of

hopelessness very noticeable.

3.On the eve of their departure,Mama came to my room.

4.Until about the beginning of the19th century the idea of how matter is really put together was

something scientists thought about.

5.Today,many of the world’s major cities are already struggling to take steps to cope with out-of-

date transport infrastructures.

B．T ranslate the following into English:

The response of the international community to China’s economic development hinges largely on whether the world can or will absorb the flood of exports that a fast-growing Chinese economy is likely to produce.On the positive side,China has been open to imports,running a trade deficit since reforms began in1978.An open,thriving Chinese economy offers new markets that offset the threat that its exports present.In any case,China’s economic growth will give the international community great opportunities for leverage.

C．T ranslate the following into Chinese:

中国可望在下个世纪头25年成为最大的经济强国，其生产总量将超过美国、德国以及其他所有20世纪的经济强国。

自1978年邓小平开始的旨在搞活经济并使之与国际接轨的改革以来，中国官方的国民生产总值年平均增长率从改革前20年间的4.5%升至9%。中国经济何时跃居全球第一取决于它是否能保持这种高速增长，或者说取决于这种高速增长能维持多久。

Text B(History of International Trade)

Comprehension:

1)c2)d3)d4)a5)d

Unit Twelve

Part I

I. A.1,2,3,6,8,10

B. 1.F 2.O(author) 3.F 4.O(Frenchman) 5.O(others) 6.F7.O(Jefferson)

8.F9.F10.O11.F12.O(rural Americans)

Part II

A 1.b2.c 3.b4.a 5.c6.d7.b8.c9.b10.a11.b12.c13.c14.d15.b16.c

B 1.c2.b 3.a4.a 5.d6.c7.a8.d9.d10.c11.d12.c13.a14.d15.d16.d

Part III

1.b

2.a

3.d

4.c

5.c

6.b

7.a

8.d

9.b10.c11.a12.d13.b14.c15.b

Part V

A（缺）

If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country,you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.You never have to travel miles to see your

friends.They invariably live nearly and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment.Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by ads on cold wet winter nights.Few t hings could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at week-ends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country.It has

reciate all these things,pretend that

appreciate

always been a mystery to me why city dwellers,who app

they would prefer to live in the county.

恬静的乡村生活对我从来就没有任何吸引力。由于我生在城市，长在城市，因而总把乡村看成是人们透过火车窗口看到的那种样子或是偶尔周末去游玩时见到的那种景象。我的朋友多数都住在城市里，但是一提到乡下，他们就欣喜若狂。虽然他们对田园生活交口称赞，但仅有一人在农村生活过，而且不满半年就回来了。但他对乡村的错觉依然如故：乡村生活比城市优越。他赞不绝口的是那里人们的友善，空气的新鲜，接近大自然，缓慢的生活步调。VII.1.b2.a3.b4.d5.d6.a7.c8.b9.d10.a11.a12.b

Unit Thirteen

Part I

1.c3.c 5.false 6.b7.a8.c9.a10.a

Part II

A b c a d c d b c d c d c b b a

1.had been aware of

2.lead to

3.essence

4.concerned with

5.proliferation

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/721862040.html,plementary

7.fallaciously

8.premise

9.has the habit of10.distinguish…from11.apply…to12.is identical with 13.characterize14.in terms of15.short of

Part III

c b c

d a c c a b d a d b a d a c b d

Part V

1.If logic cannot provide a method of advancing knowledge,it can help avoid some pitfalls and

help test the validity of conclusions.

2.In deductive reasoning,one starts with a general proposition and applies it to a particular

instance to draw a conclusion.

3.Such a belief is easy for us to accept since it is consistent with our everyday experience.

4.In terms of dialectical materialism,inductive and deduction reasoning are not necessarily antagonistic to each other,but complementary.

5.We should not take it for granted that what the logician is interested is the laws to describe human thought processes.

The words induction and deduction describe different forms of logical reasoning.When using deduction you reason from general principles to specific cases,as in applying a mathematical theorem to a particular problem or in citing a physics to predict the outcome of an experiment. When using induction you observe a number of specific instances and from them infer a general principle or law.

Some philosophers deny that induction truly has the force of logic,since observations of past instances may never be sufficient to give us certainty about what will happen in the future. Observing100,000white swans,for instance,does not give you the right to conclude that all swans are white.

“形而上学”一词具有通俗的意义，这种意义如果我们不小心就会误导我们。它通常被用来指那些与神秘或玄妙有联系的理论。这样说不无道理，因为形而上学运用的是推测，而不是做严格的实验，也因为它会使我们对事物超出第一印象。不过这是一个方法问题，而不是学说问题。要想做一位形而上学的人，就必须把自己的思维推向最大的极限，而不是只停留在满足于对事物的第一印象上，任何一种常识或传统结论上。当然，在形而上学和“现实是神秘的、先验的、超然的或其它类似的学说”之间不存在不必要的联系。形而上学最终是要证明事物和它们看上去的完全一样，或证明自然状态、自然状态的本身是真实的。形而上学只是想对事物追根求源，如果有可能想探知现实的基本构造是什么，它的第一和最后的原因是什么。

Part VII

F F F T F T T F T F