江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届高三教学情况调研(一)英语试题(解析版)

江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届高三教学情况调研（一）

英语试题（解析版）

回眸一笑萌死人，老师们求求你们看看我吧，轻松一下呗！

【总览】

2018年苏南一模依据江苏2018考试说明，参考现行牛津教材，结合现阶段学生复习的实际状况，从听、说、读、写、看等各个方面全方位地考察学生。根据最新颁布的普通高中英语课程标准，从语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力等角度来考察学生的应试能力。该试卷秉承了2017 年高考试卷的特点，突出三大主题：科技发展、教育减负和文化素养，传递正能量，提高新素养。本套试题材料情景设置丰富多样，语篇选择贴近考生实际，试题设问层次分明，理顺了考试与教材的关系。单选、写作非常接近高考难度，阅读理解难度略低于高考，完形难度高于高考，任务型易于高考。作文很接地气，写的是中国文化的输出，体现了对中国传统文化的重视。所以，总体上整套试卷难度与2017 年高考难度基本契合，也就是说，这套试卷能够很好地、有效地检测目前阶段学生的真实英语水平。

第一卷(选择题共85分)

第一部分: 听力(共两节，满分20 分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节(共5 小题;每小题1分，满分5 分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman think of the restaurant?

A. It is noisy.

B. It is quiet.

C. It is terrible.

2. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?

A. Mother and child.

B. Teacher and student.

C. Husband and wife.

3. What does the woman advise the man to do?

A. See her favorite band.

B. Go to the concert.

C. Do experiments in the lab.

4. What most probably causes the woman’s headache?

A. Too little seep.

B. The strong sunshine.

C. Too much medicine.

5. What does the man mean?

A. The woman can use his glasses.

B. The dictionary is not of much help.

C. He has to use a pair of glasses.

第二节(共15 小题; 每小题1分，满分15 分)

听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6 至7题。

6. What did the candidate do in the interview?

A. She showed much confidence.

B. She greeted the interviewer with nodding.

C. She made eye contact with the interviewer.

7. What is the woman dissatisfied with?

A. The candidate’s way of sitting.

B. The candidate’s way of shaking hands.

C. The candidate’s way of introducing herself.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. Where does the conversation take place?

A. In a cinema.

B. In a restaurant.

C. In an office.

9. What did the speakers just do?

A. They had an interview.

B. They met a funny woman.

C. They saw a movie.

10. What do we know about the man?

A. He is not interested in the movie actually.

B. He knows why he hasn’t received a reply.

C. He is worried about the chance of getting a job.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. What did the woman first think when someone answered the call?

A. The person was too rude.

B. She dialed the wrong number.

C. The restaurant was professional.

12. How did the person deal with the woman’s reservation?

A. He took a message.

B. He refused her impolitely.

C. He asked her not to ring again.

13. What did the woman decide to do finally?

A. Ring another restaurant.

B. Call back the restaurant later.

C. Make a complaint about the restaurant.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14. Why does the man go to Hong Kong?

A. To travel.

B. To work.

C. To study.

15. What does the woman remind the man to do?

A. Get a work permit upon his arrival.

B. Buy guide books before leaving.

C. Pay attention to his clothes at work.

16. What can we learn from the conversation?

A. The man must pay for the local language lessons.

B. The man has taken some passport photos at a low price.

C. One week is enough for the man to find a place to live in.

听第10段材料，回答第17 至20 题。

17. What was the old man doing near the river?

A. Seeking some help.

B. Appreciating a snow statue.

C. Waiting for a horseman he knew.

18. What was the last rider puzzled about?

A. Why the old man was staying there alone.

B. Why the old man asked him instead of the others.

C. Why the old man was watching horsemen approaching.

19. What do we know about the other riders?

A. They were kind and gentle.

B. They gave the old man a ride.

C. They passed by without stopping.

20. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. A horseman who lives nearby.

B. Riders who passed by on a cold night.

C. An old man who knows people pretty good.

答案：1-5 BCCBC 6- 10 BABCC 11-15 BBABC 16-20 CABCC

第二部分: 英语知识运用(共两节，满分35 分)

第一节: 单项选择(共15 小题; 每小题1分, 满分15 分)

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

21. Every great accomplishment rests on the of what came before it; when you trace it back, you’ll see one small step that started it all.

A. reputation

B. expectation

C. recreation

D. foundation

22. Our country has launched a campaign to ban smoking in public places, which with some heavy smokers.

A. concerns

B. was concerned

C. concerned

D. is concerned

23. The Lifelong Learning Programme to enable people to take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.

A. having been designed

B. being designed

C. designed

D. designing

24. Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.

A. why

B. which

C. who

D. where

25. Cells are important because they are organized structures that help living thing the activities of life.

A. carry on

B. expand on

C. put on

D. hang on

26. you can learn to appreciate the challenges in life, you will find inner strength.

A. When

B. While D. Unless

C. Before

27. -Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?

-Yes, the posts about the virtual green frog over 4 million times.

A. have read

B. have been read

C. would be read

D. are reading

28. The world’s leading thinkers and policymakers examine what’s come apart in the past year, and what will define the year ahead,

A. evaluate

B. innovate

C. anticipate

D. regulate

29. A problem has occurred we should develop innovative thinking abilities in the classrooms by giving students opportunities to generate new ideas.

A. what

B. where

C. whether

D. that

30. Although values may be ____, it’s helpful to share them with you r partner for additional support.

A. terminal

B. personal

C. crucial

D. practical

31. There a slight decrease in his weight but he eats too much.

A. was

B. could have been

C. had been

D. could be

32. We really emphasize the importance of putting______safeguards to prevent children’s identities from falling in wrong people’s hands.

A. in place

B. in vain

C. in question

D. in earnest

33. -Could you pass me the sugar, please?

-OK, ____

A. never mind

B. sounds great

C. here you go

D. there it is

34. W e won’t think of human clones and any reason to suggest that we are closer to producing them today than we were yesterday.

A. neither there is

B. neither there was

C. nor is there

D. nor was there

35. -I feel caught between experience and jobs after graduation.

-It’s really_________—without experience you can’t get a job and without a job you can’t get experience.

A. a catch-22

B. a Herculean task

C. a sacred cow

D. a Mickey Mouse course 答案：21-25 DDCBA 26-30 ABCCB 31-35 DACCA

详细解析：

第21题：考查名词词义辨析。A名声，B期望，C娱乐，D基础。根据句意可知，此处表达的是每一项伟大的成就都依赖于之前所有的根基；故选D。

第22题：考查固定搭配。句意：我们国家已经推行了一项在公共场所禁烟的运动，这关系到了很多烟民。Be concerned with与…有关，故选D。

第23题：考查动词语态。根据句意：这个旨在帮助人们参与到学习中的终身学习计划已经在全欧洲取得重大成功。在这里，designed过去分词做后置定语修饰programme，故选C。

第24题：考查定语从句。Some worry为插入语可略去不看，which指物指代an increase intechnology use among children这个现象；故选B。

第25题：考查动词短语。A进行，B拓展，C穿上，D坚持，根据句意：细胞是十分重要的因为它们是帮助生物进行生命活动的组织器官；故选A。

第26题：考查连词用法。When作连词时可等于if，所以句意为：如果你能学着去感激生活中的挑战，你就会发现其中的内在力量；故选A。

第27题：考查动词语态。句意：——你喜爱旅行青蛙这款手机游戏嘛？——喜欢，关于这个虚拟青蛙的帖子已经有了超过四百万的阅读量了。根据句意应该表示为已经被阅读了，故选B。

第28题：考查词义辨析。A评估，B创新，C参加，D规范，根据句意可知，此处表达的应是预计什么东西决定着明年（的状况）；故选C。

第29题：考查连词。句意：一个关于我们是否应该培养学生创新能力的问题已经出现了。根据句意此处应表示是否，故选C。

第30题：考查形容词词义辨析。A极限的，B个人的，C重要的，D实际的，句意：尽管价值可能是非常私人的，但是把它和你的朋友分享来获得额外支持是也是非常有帮助的；故选B。

第31题：考查虚拟语气。句意：他的体重本来可以减轻不少的但他吃的太多了。根据后文的eats可确定主句时态为现在时，故虚拟用could be表示，本可能，选D。

第32题：考查介词短语。A到位，B徒劳，C在考虑中的，D诚挚的，根据句意，把防护措施摆放到位，故选A。

第33题：考查情景交际。句意：——麻烦给我一点糖行吗？——好的，给你。C中here you go口语中常用，等于here you are意为“给你”，故选C。

第34题：考查语序。A和B未倒装，直接排除，根据句意应为现在时，故选C。

第35题：考查俗语谚语。A自相矛盾的事情，B极为艰巨的任务，C神圣的东西，D非常简单的活。根据句意可知，这确实以一个难以抉择的事情，故选A。

第二节: 完形填空(共20 小题; 每小题1分, 满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Like many perfectionists, I truly believed that self-sufficiency was a virtue. And 36 my brain was so good at finding what it was looking for, I noticed every single time that idea got proved 37, and so I always had lots of 38 for why it really was better if I just handled everything myself.

This kind of thinking, friends, was the 39 in disguise (伪装).

My self-reliance came in handy when I was a kid in the seventies and in adulthood when I was an independent 40 Then, in the first years of 41the Organized Artist Company, I found myself 42 everything I could about websites, copywriting, graphic design, etc. Later whenever one of my business friends 43 about how her website was being held hostage (人质) by her designer, I 44 felt too satisfied. 45 if mistakes were made in my business, they were all mine.

Now this was where my false 46 showed up—in not wanting others to know I made mistakes. If I had other people 47 me, they would see my errors and 48. Working alone, I could keep up a pretty good display of 49.

But as the Organized Artist Company became increasingly 50, I realized I was doing harm to the people I was trying to serve by attempting to do everything myself. I was 51 my growth and the depth of my work.

I had built a business with my own two hands, and I 52 with a business that I could hold in my own two hands. Cozy, 53 limited in scope (范围).

Once I was willing to control my ego( 自负) and admit that my vision of self-sufficiency was a 54 my business took a remarkable leap forward, and revenue 55. Little change, big difference.

36. A. while B. since C. before D. until

37. A. clear B. mistaken C. rough D. right

38. A. evidence B. experience C. suggestion D. confidence

39. A. magic B. devil C. sheep D. heaven

40. A. worker B. perfectionist C. writer D. artist

41. A. running B. owning C. founding D. establishing

42. A. losing B. quitting C. learning D. possessing

43. A. communicated B. commented C. compromised D. complained

44. A. doubtfully B. seriously C. secretly D. strangely

45. A. At most B. At last C. At length D. At least

46. A. elegance B. pride C. anxiety D. annoyance

47. A. helping B. persuading C. criticizing D. ignoring

48. A. statements B. misjudgments C. arguments D. agreements

49. A. inspiration B. imagination C. excellence D. patience

50. A. difficult B. successful C. boring D. relaxing

51. A. limiting B. designing C. creating D. promoting

52. A. came down B. got away C. ended up D. came up

53. A. but B. or C. so D. and

54. A. dream B. virtue C. concept D. trap

55. A. shrank B. doubled C. dropped D. stayed

答案：36-40 BDABD 41-45 ACDCD 46-50BABCB 51-55 ACADB

详细解析：

第36题根据句意，此处表达的是自从我的大脑已经好到可以明白它到底在追寻什么的时候，选since自从。第37题根据上文的self-sufficiency和so good at…作者表达自己十分自信，四个选项中只有right可以表达这种情感，故选D。

第38题“所以我总是会有很多证据来证明如果我自己干我会干的更好”，根据后文的why易得选evidence。第39题friends为插入语，作者在告诉读者这种想法是十分不好的，是伪装中最坏的一种，四个选项中只有devil为贬，故易得B。

第40题往下看，下一句，作者创办艺术公司，前后呼应，可知作者自己也是一名独立艺术家，故选D。

第41题“当我自己在经营一家艺术公司的时候”，run运营，经营。

第42题根据上文，作者是一个喜欢单干的人，所以在他运营一家艺术公司的时候，他开始学着去做各种各样的事情，learning学着去做，其他三个选项都不符合语境。

第43题根据上文，此处应该为抱怨，故填complained，选D。

第44题作者此时私下里觉得太满足了，故填secretly，选C。

第45题A至多，B最终，C充分的，D至少，“至少我工作上所有出现的错误都可以由我一人来承担（他人不用知道）”，根据作者情感选D。

第46题作者开始反省自己，发现自己当时的错误的骄傲，pride，故选B。

第47题作者想的是，如果其他人帮我的话，他们就会看到我失误以及判断错误，但是如果我单干的话，我就可以假装自己干得非常好。Helping帮助，选A。

第48题见47解析，misjudgment判断失误。

第49题见47解析，excellence优秀，卓越。

第50题句意“但是当我的艺术公司办的越来越成功的时候，我发觉我这样单干其实是对那些我服务的人的伤害，我这样其实是限制了我自己的发展和我工作的深度”，50题肯定是个褒义词，表示公司越办越好，successful成功，选B。

第51题见50题解析，limit限制，选A。

第52题根据句意，作者通过自己的双手创办了一家公司，但是因为一直是自己单干不去寻求他人的帮助，所以这个公司的最终也做不大，I could hold in myown hands是形象的说法，end up以…告终，选C。

第53题根据上文，尽管舒适，但也被限制。But表示前后转折，选A。

第54题作者在反省自己的自以为是，根据文章主旨应该填一个贬义词来修饰self-sufficiency，四个选项中只有trap为贬义，故选D。

第55题与前面半句话take a remarkable leap forward进行对应，故此空填double，事业路途加长，故选B。【附完形全文翻译】

和许多完美主义者一样，我真的认为自给自足是一种美德。而且由于我的大脑是如此的善于找到它正在寻找的东西，我注意到每一个想法都被证明是正确的，所以我总是有大量的证据来解释为什么如果我自己处理所有的事情，它真的会更好。

这种想法，朋友啊，原来是伪装的魔鬼。

在70 年代和成年时，我是一个独立的艺术家，我的自立就派上用场了。然后，在开办有组织的艺术家公司的头几年里，我发现我自己在学习任何关于网站、文案、平面设计等方面的知识。后来，每当我的一个商业上的朋友抱怨她的网站是如何被她的设计师劫持的，我暗自觉得太满足了。至少如果我的生意犯了错误，他们都是我的。

这就是我的虚假骄傲出现的地方—我不想让别人知道我犯了错误。如果我让别人帮助我，他们会看到我的错误和误判。独自工作，我可以保持优秀的表现。

但是随着有组织的艺术家公司变得越来越成功，我意识到自己凡事都亲历亲为反而对那些我想去服务的人造成了伤害。我限制了自己的成长和工作的深度。

我曾经用双手建立了自己的生意，最后拥有了一个自己的双手能掌控的生意。舒适，但范围有限。

一旦我愿意控制我的自负，承认我自给自足的愿景是一个陷阱，我的事业取得了显著的飞跃，收入增加了一倍。结果变化不大，差别很大。

第三部分: 阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2 分，满分30分)

请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

ELECTRICITY IS AT THE CORE OF MODERN LIFE. DESPITE THIS, THE FULL STORY OF THIS REVOLUTIONARY FORCE HAS REMAINED UNTOLD—UNTIL NOW.

Simply Electrifying offers the comprehensive story of one of

mankind’s most important journeys: from a time when only a few could even imagine a world with electricity to today when, for most of us, a world

without electricity would be unimaginable.

Since the birth of the modern science of electricity 265 years ago,

mankind has built an impressive structure to produce, deliver, and use electricity, thanks to a combination of pioneering science, innovative technology, wise business strategy, and pervasive (到处存在的)economic and environmental regulation.

Simply Electrifying brings to life the stories of the people that made it all

possible—from early pathfinders like Benjamin Franklin, Michael Faraday,

James Clerk Maxwell, and Albert Einstein to innovators such as Samuel

Morse, Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse, and Nikola Tesla. In modern times, business strategists and economic and environmental regulation driven by many, including President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Rachel Carson, and even President Barack Obama, have shaped how we use and understand electricity in crucial ways. Today, Elon Musk and others are on the edge of again changing the way we think about and interact with it.

Simply Electrifying is painstakingly researched and beautifully written, showing us how both profit-makers and policy-makers must use a wide-angle lens to truly understand the past and predict the future.

56. According to the passage, the book Simply Electrifying is written to tell us .

A. pioneering science of electricity

B. significant journeys of electricity

C. the people who invented electricity

D. the research which was about electricity

57. Why is President Barack Obama mentioned in the book Simply Electrifying?

A. Because a policy-maker is usually a top dog that can arouse the readers’ interest.

B. Because a policy-maker can help promote the better use of electricity.

C. Because policy-makers can decide the future of the use of electricity on the market.

D. Because policy-makers can take control of the economy through electricity.

答案：56-57 BB

解析：

第56题：B 广告信息类文章，首段信息为文章主旨。定位第一段最后一句“for most of us，a world without electricity would be unimaginable”可见电力在世界上的重要性。

第57题：B 根据第三段“and even President Barack Obama, have shaped how we use and understand electricity in crucial ways”可知通过引用奥巴马的例子来强调如何运用和理解电力是至关重要的，故这本书可以帮助人们更好地运用电力。记住，例子本身不能说明自己，而是要论证它想论证的核心道理！

B

As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments

prove, kids need rules. Yet how parents make demands can powerfully

influence a child’s social skills, psychologists at the University of Virginia

recently found after the conclusion of a study investigating the transition

from adolescence to adulthood.

Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys, including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies, such as inducing guilt or threatening to withdraw affection. The kids rated, for example, how typical it would be for Dad to suggest that “if I really cared for him, I would not do things that caused him to worry”or for Mom to become“less friendly when I did not see things her way. ”

The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21, asking the young adults to bring along a close friend and, later, a romantic partner if they had one. These pairs were asked to answer hypothetical (假设的) questions that were purposefully written to inspire a difference of opinion. “We wanted to see whether they could

navigate a disagreement in a healthy way, ” says study leader Barbara Oudekerk, now at the U. S. Department of Justice’s bureau of statistics.

In the October issue of Child Development, Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents struggled in friendly disagreements at age 18. They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents. And when they did speak up, they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways.

The researchers suspect that pushy parents ruin their child’s ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships. Although parents do need to set boundaries, domineering strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself. Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future arguments.

The consequences of tense or domineering relationships appear to get worse with time. This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21. Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-Ilan University in Israel, who did not participate in the work, thinks these conclusions convincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships.

58. What will happen to the teenagers with pushy parents?

A. They lose social skills.

B. They have trouble presenting opinions.

C. They express themselves in an aggressive way.

D. They fail to inspire a difference of opinion.

59. What does the underlined word “domineering”in Paragraph 5 mean?

A. alternative

B. conservative

C. powerful

D. forceful

60. It can be inferred from the findings that parents should .

A. communicate with children when setting rules

B. learn new ways to establish new friendships

C. seek more controlling strategies

D. help children develop abilities to follow rules

答案：58-60 BDA

解析：

第58题：B 第五段首句“The researchers suspect that pu shy parents ruin their child’s ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships”以及第四段“They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents ”可知pushy parents的孩子是在表达观点上有困难的。

第59题：D 本题考察词义理解和句意理解，A项alternative是替代的，B项conservative保守的，powerful 强大的，forceful强有力的，强劲的。联系横线所在句“Although parents do need to set boundaries ，domineering strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself”可知父母制定的界限和策略会使得任何分歧损害纽带本身，因此可排除A,B。C项powerful是褒义词，而根据本文controlling parents给孩子带来的坏影响，可至此处是贬义，故选D, 而且forceful这个词能够和pushy这个强势的词形成“特殊人物发出来的动作要和其身份相吻合”。

第60题：A 根据第五段“Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future arguments.”可知研究表明，父母解释规则背后的原因并将分歧转化为交谈，会使年轻人更好地为未来的争论做好准备。故本题选A。

C

Exposing living tissue to subfreezing temperatures for long can cause permanent damage. Microscopic ice crystals (结晶体) cut cells and seize moisture (潮气), making donor organs unsuitable for transplantation. Thus, organs can be made cold for only a few hours ahead of a procedure. But a set of lasting new antifreeze compounds (化合物)—similar to those found in particularly hardy (耐寒的) animals—c ould lengthen organs’ shelf life.

Scientists at the University of Warwick in England were inspired by proteins in some species of Arctic fish, wood frogs and other organisms that prevent blood from freezing, allowing them to flourish in extreme cold. Previous research had shown these natural antifreeze molecules (分子) could preserve rat hearts at -1.3 degrees Celsius for up to 24 hours. But these proteins are expensive to extract (提取) and highly poisonous to some species. “For a long time everyone assumed you had to make synthetic (人造的) alternatives that looked exactly like antifreeze proteins to solve this problem, ”says Matthew Gibson, a chemist at Warwick who co-authored the new research. “But we found that you can design new molecules that function like antifreeze proteins but do not necessarily look like them. ”

Most natural antifreeze molecules have a mixture of regions that either attract or repel water. Scientists do not know exactly how this process prevents ice crystal formation, but Gibson thinks it might throw water molecules into push-pull chaos that prevents them from tuning into ice. To copy this mechanism, he and his colleagues synthesized

spiral-shaped molecules that were mostly water-repellent—but had iron atoms at their centers that made them hydrophilic, or water-loving. The resulting compounds were surprisingly effective at stopping ice crystals from forming. Some were also harmless to the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, indicating they might be safe for other animals.

“These compounds a re really cool because they are not proteins—they are other types of molecules that nonetheless can do at least part of what natural antifreeze proteins do, ”says Clara do Amaral, a biologist at Mount St. Joseph University, who was not involved in the research. Gibson’s antifreeze compounds will still need to be tested in humans, however, and may be only part of a solution. “We don’t have the whole picture yet, ”do Amaral adds. “It’s not just one magical compound that helps freeze-tolerant organisms survive. It’s a whole suite of adaptations.

61. What will happen if organs are kept for a long time in temperatures below zero?

A. They will have ice crystal formation inside.

B. They will not suffer permanent damage.

C. They will have longer shelf life.

D. They will be fit for transplantation.

62. What can we learn about natural antifreeze proteins?

A. They look like Gibson’s antifreeze compounds.

B. They are composed of antifreeze molecules harmless to other species.

C. They are spiral-shaped and have iron atoms at their centers.

D. They can be found in organisms living in freezing cold weather.

63. How are antifreeze molecules prevented from ice crystals?

A. By creating compounds both water-repellent and water-loving.

B. By extracting the proteins from some hardy animals.

C. By making synthetic alternatives like antifreeze proteins.

D. By copying spiral-shaped molecules mostly water-resistant.

64. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Push-pull chaos might prevent water molecules from turning into ice.

B. The final solution to preserving donor organs has been found recently.

C. Chemicals inspired by Arctic animals could lengthen organs’ shelf life.

D. Gibson’s antifreeze compounds can do what natural antifreeze proteins do.

答案：61-64 ADAC

解析：

第61题A below zero与原文subfreezing temperatures同义替换,定位第一段，BCD与原文矛盾，根据第一段第二句Microscopic ice crystals cut cells and seize moisture选A。

第62题D 根据第二段结尾do not necessarily look like them排除A根据第二段第五行highly poisonous to some species排除B。选项C说得是人造化合物并不是natural antifreeze proteins故排除。根据文章第一段结尾第二段，natural antifreeze proteins是在住在极寒环境的动物组织内，选D。

第63题A 根据第三段第一行either attract or repel water同义替换故选A。

第64题C 根据最后一段可知这个方案并不是final solution且仍旧需要进一步研究，科学研究类首段是主旨，这种受耐寒动物体启发而人工合成的化合物有可能lengthen organs’shelf life故选C。

D

I remember my childhood summers fondly, as many of us do. Those golden days in which I would leave the house after a still sleepy, leisurely breakfast and come home only for lunch in the middle of a day spent entirely outdoors. We did not live in town and, thus, playmates were limited to siblings (兄弟姐妹) and the cousins who lived down the road.

Our backyard became the playground in which our imaginations would run wild—turning those few acres into magical forests, the creek (小溪) into a violent river and our trusty dog, Rex, into the many roles of horse, monster and any other creature that we children did not want to play. By the end of the three months of summer break we were sunburned from our hours in the sun, full of the memories of a thousand magical moments and bonded to our siblings in a way t hat winter’s forced hiber nation (冬眠) never seemed to connect us.

Today, I live on the same acreage that I did as a child. My children have the blessing of having the same grassy patches to scratch their bare feet as they run through it, the same creek to stomp(跺脚)through, and not the same dog —but their very own energetic pup to imagine away the days with.

However, this is not the same world as it was twenty, thirty years ago. There are screens everywhere in the house to demand attention—televisions with hundreds of channels, computers with access to a thousand entertaining sites, tablets stocked with apps. There is also no longer the expectation of a stretch of an unscheduled three months. Their school friends tell competitive stories of carefully planned vacations, spending time traveling to all of the local attractions—various parks, the zoo, the science center, all of the festivals which come breezing through town. On the very first day of school they will be asked to list their favorite activities of the summer and no longer are these lists filled with things like finding wood to make a bridge over a creek or a day spent in imaginative play with their siblings. The lists are now full of trips, overscheduled days and “camps” that no longer offer a stay in nature.

Our children have become used to being entertained every minute. In our house, we have limits on electronics and kick the kids outside on a nice day. Even as we try as parents to set limits and get our children out in nature, the new cry of childhood seems to be “I’m bored,”which is not really just meaning “I’m bored,”“but“Please find something to entertain me, as I no longer can entertain myself even for a short period of time.” Our children no longer know how to sit in silence, entertain themselves while even waiting for a few minutes and have lost the awe of nature as they have become addicted to screen time.

We have made a choice in this household to do what is no longer expected of children in many households—we will ensure that there are days of “boredom.” We refuse to spend our days scheduling our children’s every hour. There will be many days with no plans at all, when they will be sent outside with only the grass and the trees and their own imaginations to entertain them.

The screens will be turned off and our children will find that times of quiet can be just as or even more entertaining. They will bond with their brother and sister, making memories that they will replay in their minds well into adulthood. Even though sunscreen will be religiously applied, they will leave summer with sunburned and scratches coming from climbing trees, stomping through creeks and chasing the dog in the field.

This summer I will be giving my children the greatest gift of all—boredom. For inside boredom is the gift of getting to know your own mind, of finding comfort and joy in nature and in the realization that the greatest gifts are experience, not things.

65. From the first two paragraphs we can know that the author .

A. participated in many organized activities

B. enjoyed an unscheduled vacation

C. explored magical forests and a violent river

D. realized the strength of patience

66. The author thinks today’s children’s activities are.

A. less meaningful

B. less accessible

C. more related to nature

D. more in line with the nature of play

67. What is the real reason for children’s feeling of boredom?

A. Children are addicted to screen time.

B. Children are limited to using electronics.

C. Children have no patience with everything.

D. Children lack the experience of exploring entertainment.

68. What is the author’s attitude towards his children’s childhood?

A. Sympathetic.

B. Envious.

C. Unsatisfactory.

D. Indifferent.

69. What is he author’s purpose to e nsure children the days of “boredo m”?

A. To keep children away from electronics.

B. To encourage children to climb trees and stomp through creeks.

C. To set aside more time to improve their academic performance.

D. To provide children with the opportunity to seek happiness in nature.

70. What might be the best title of the passage?

A. The gift of boredom

B. The memory of childhood

C. The attraction of nature

D. The experience of two generations

答案：65-70 BADCDA

解析：

第65题B选项D无中生有。根据第二段in which our imagination would run wild可排除C。据第一段文意关键句leave the house after a still sleepy, leisurely breakfast and come home only for lunch in the middle of a day spent entirely outdoors可知，第一二段主要写了作者童年时期悠闲随性的假期，排除A中organized activities, 最后再结合第四段第四行的unscheduled three months,故选B。

第66题 A 根据第四段第三行with access to a thousand entertaining sites可排除B。根据第四段结尾on longer offer a stay in nature结合全文的褒贬色彩排除C,D。故选A。

第67题D根据第五段not…but “Please find something to entertain me…”孩子们感到无聊的根本原因是他们对电子屏幕上瘾，缺乏探索挖掘乐趣的体验，故D项正确。

第68题C 根据第七段The screens will be turned off and…结合五六两段的描述，可见作者对现代孩子的童年生活感到不满意，故选B。

第69题D根据最后一段For inside boredom is the gift of getting to know your own mind, of finding comfort and

joy in nature and in the realization…可见目的在于让孩子有机会从大自然探索乐趣故选D。

第70题A纵观全文反复提到boredom，作者自己悠闲随性，富有想象的童年对应的是boredom。结尾段This summer I will be giving my children the greatest gift of all ——boredom.故选A。而且A包含隐喻含义，boredom 看似无聊可是它可以给孩子们提供探索大自然的机会。

第二卷(非选择题，共两大题，35 分)

第四部分: 任务型阅读(共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分IO分)

请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意: 每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。

Pleasure and Enjoyment

When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness consists in experiencing pleasure: good food, all the comforts that money can buy. We imagine the satisfaction of traveling to exciting places or being surrounded by expensive devices. If we cannot afford those goals, then we are happy to settle for a quiet evening in front of the television set with a drink close by.

Pleasure is a feeling of contentment that one achieves whenever expectations set by biological programs or by social conditioning have been met. The taste of food when we are hungry is pleasant because it reduces a physiological (生理的) imbalance. Resting in the evening while passively absorbing information from TV, with alcohol or drugs to dull the mind overexcited by the demands of work, is pleasantly relaxing. Traveling to Acapulco is pleasant because the exciting novelty (新奇) restores our sensations (感觉) exhausted by the repetitive routines of everyday life.

When people think further about what makes their lives rewarding, they tend to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap(重叠) with pleasurable ones but fall into a category that deserves a separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events occur when a person has not only met some expectation or satisfied a need or a desire but also gone beyond what he or she has been programmed to do and achieved something unexpected, perhaps something even unimagined before.

Enjoyment is characterized by this forward movement: by a sense of novelty, of accomplishment. Playing a close game of tennis that stretches one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that reveals things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had. Closing a contested business deal, or any piece of work well done, is enjoyable. None of these experiences may be particularly pleasurable at the time they are taking place, but afterward we think back on them and say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, that our self has grown: in some respect, we

have become more complex as a result of it.

Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two sensations are quite different. For instance, everybody takes pleasure in eating. To enjoy food, however, is more difficult. A gourmet (美食家) enjoys eating, as does anyone who pays enough attention to a meal so as to discriminate the various sensations provided by it. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any investment of psychic energy, whereas enjoyment happens only as a result of unusual investments of attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, but it is impossible to enjoy a tennis game, a book, or a conversation unless attention is fully concentrated on the activity.

Pleasure and Enjoyment

答案：

71. expected 72. work 73. results/arises 74. features 75. Comparison/Contrast

76. better 77. afterward(s)/later 78. effort(s)/attention 79. concentration/focus 80. higher

详细解析：

第71题.定位到第二段第一句‘Pleasureis afeeling of contentment thatachieves whenever expectations set bybiological orby social conditioning havebeen met.’因此写expected，词性转换。

第72题.第二段的倒数第三行有demands fromwork

第73题.第三段第三行‘Enjoymentevents occur when…’快乐产生于未预料未想象。这里用固定搭配arisefrom 进行同义替换。

第74题.第四段第一句‘becharacterized by’快乐以…为特征，可以用feature来替换。属于A feature B的同义替换

第75题.第五段首句。前文各自说明pleasure和enjoyment，之后开始讲它们的不同之处。这是任务型中常考的对比手法，其实填Differences也未尝不可！

第76题.第四段倒数第二行‘we havechanged, that our self has grown’即我们成长了，也就是变得更好。change for thebetter固定搭配，这与我们经常讲到的一个固定搭配，takea turn forthe better 有异曲同工之妙。

第77题．第四段倒数第三行‘but afterward we think back on them …’在之后会想起那些事情。根据题干的意思，此题也可以很快填出来，when taking place 的时候感觉不爽，但是事后感觉很好，事后用afterwards 第78题.最后一句‘A person canfeel pleasure without anyeffort’一个人感到愉悦不需要太多努力。这属于原词重现。

第79题.最后一段第三行有pay enough attention与concentration of attention 之间的同义替换！

第80题.总结概括题，快乐是更高层次的愉悦，它们在各个方面有很多不同。a higher level of sth也属于固定搭配。

【任务型阅读全文翻译】

当考虑到那种使生活更美好的经历时，大多数人首先认为快乐在于体验快乐：好的食物，钱能买到的所有舒适。我们想象着旅行到令人兴奋的地方或被昂贵的设备包围的满足感。如果我们达不到这些目标，那么我们就身边放一杯饮料高兴地选择在电视机前度过一个安静的夜晚。

快乐是一种知足的感觉，只要满足生物程序或社会条件所设定的期望，你就会得到满足。当我们饥饿时，食物的味道是令人愉快的，因为它减少了生理上的不平衡。晚上休息时被动地吸收来自电视的信息，用酒精或药物来缓解对工作要求过于兴奋的头脑，这是令人愉快的放松。去阿卡普尔科旅行是愉快的，因为令人兴奋的新颖性恢复了我们每天重复生活的感觉。

当人们进一步思考是什么使他们的生活有价值时，他们倾向于超越愉快的记忆，并开始记住其他事件以及其他与愉快的事件重叠的经历，但这属于一个值得单独命名的类别：享受。当一个人不仅满足了某种期望或满足了某种需要或欲望，而且超越了他或她被安排去做的事情，实现了某种意想不到的事情，也许是以前难以想象的事情时，愉快享受的事情就发生了。

享受的特点是这种向前发展的活动：一种新奇的感觉，一种成就感。近距离的打网球是一种享受，就像阅读一本从新的角度揭示事物的书一样，也像进行一次对话一样，引导我们去表达我们所不知道的想法。结束有争议的商业交易，或任何做得好的工作，都是令人愉快的。这些经历在它们发生的时候可能都不是特别愉快的，但是之后我们回顾它们并说，"那真的很有趣"，并希望它们能再次发生。在一个令人愉快的事件之后，我们知道我们已经改变了，我们自己已经成长了：在某些方面，我们因此而变得更加复杂。

给予快乐的经历也能给予享受，但这两种感觉是完全不同的。例如，每个人都喜欢吃东西。然而，享受食物是更困难的。美食家喜欢吃东西，对一餐给予足够的关注以区别其所提供的各种感觉的人也是如此。正如这个例子所暗示的，我们可以在没有任何精神能量投入的情况下体验快乐，而享受只有在不寻常的注意力投入下才会发生。一个人可以在没有任何努力的情况下感到快乐，但是不可能享受网球比赛、书籍或对话，除非注意力完全集中在活动上。

第五部分: 书面表达(满分25分)

请认真阅读下面有关图片及文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

2014年苏锡常镇高三数学一模试卷及参考答案(纯word版)

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江苏高考英语试卷及答案

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