(完整word版)2018年陕西省中考英语试卷-答案
陕西省2018年初中毕业生学业考试
英语答案解析
第一部分
听力部分
I．
1．【答案】B
2．【答案】C
3．【答案】C
4．【答案】A
5．【答案】B
6．【答案】C
7．【答案】A
8．【答案】B
9．【答案】A
10．【答案】B
11．【答案】B
12．【答案】A
13．【答案】C
14．【答案】A
15．【答案】C
II．
16．【答案】B
17．【答案】B
18．【答案】C
19．【答案】A
20．【答案】A
笔试部分
III．完形填空
第一节
21．【答案】B
【解析】根据空格后一句中的“My best friend is Amy”可知，此处指他们在谈论他们最亲密的朋友是谁，根据空格后的“were”可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故选B．
【考点】考查名词辨析和主谓一致。
22．【答案】D
【解析】句意为：当轮到他说时，他说：“我最好的朋友是Amy,一位住在佛罗里达州的81岁的女士”。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词；且“81-year-old”的读音是以元音音素开头,其前应用an。故选D。
【考点】考查冠词的用法。
23．【答案】A
【解析】句意为：他们的友谊源自一场比赛。come from意为“来自”，符合语境。故选A。
【考点】考查介词辨析。
24．【答案】B
【解析】根据空格前一句中的“life was hard for David at that time”可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时。故选B。
【考点】考查动词的时态。
25．【答案】B
【解析】句意为：当他几乎泄气时,Amy给了他许多帮助并支持他的梦想。when意为“当……时”，符合语境。故选B。
【考点】考查连词辨析。
26．【答案】C
【解析】decide to do sth．是固定用法,意为“决定做某事”。故选C。
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
27．【答案】A
【解析】根据空格前的“wanted”可知,此处应用一般过去时，排除C、D两项；分析句子结构可知,空格处为宾语从句，应用陈述句语序。故选A。
【考点】考查动词的时态和宾语从句。
28．【答案】C
【解析】根据空格后的“than”可知,此处应用beautiful的比较级形式。故选C。
【考点】考查形容词的比较等级。
【解析】全文叙述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,排除A、B两项;主语“many people”为复数名词，与谓语动词move之间是被动关系,应用被动语态，且be动词应用were。故选D。
【考点】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。
30．【答案】A
【解析】根据语境可知，此处指作为朋友，当他们需要帮助的时候，“我们”应该伸出援手。should意为“应该”,符合语境。故选A。
【考点】考查情态动词辨析。
词汇积累：friendship n．友谊successfully adv．成功地famous adj．著名的interview v．采访imagine v．想象
常考短语：talk about 谈论hear of 听说to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
常考句型：who引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。
例句：One day, David and his friends talked about who their closest friends were．(第一段第一句)
译文：一天,David和他的朋友们谈论谁是他们最亲密的朋友。
第二节
31．【答案】C
【解析】根据上文中的“she has been much heavier than before”和下一句“My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day．”可知,此处指妈妈的健康状况变得更糟糕了。worse意为“更糟糕的”,符合语境。故选C。
【考点】考查形容词的比较级辨析。
32．【答案】D
【解析】根据下文中的“follow _______ the doctor said”可知，此处指“我”不得不带她去看医生。故选D。【考点】考查名词辨析。
33．【答案】B
【解析】此处表示她别无选择只能听从医生所说的话。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“said”的宾语，表示内容,应用what引导。故选B。
【考点】考查宾语从句。
34．【答案】A
【解析】根据语境可知，她早起和“我”在社区里跑步，空格前后句之间是并列顺承关系,应用and连接。故选A。
【考点】考查连词辨析。
【解析】根据语境可知，此处指跑了一会儿之后，“我”告诉她正确的锻炼方法和健康饮食的重要性。故选B。【考点】考查动词辨析。
36．【答案】D
【解析】根据上文可知，“我”告诉妈妈正确的锻炼方式和健康饮食的重要性，她很认真地听；再结合空格后的“that she told me．．．．．．when I was a kid”可知,此处表示这让“我”想起了我小时候她耐心地给“我”讲一切事情。remember意为“记起，想起”，符合语境。故选D。
【考点】考查动词辨析。
37．【答案】A
【解析】根据空格后的“she thought the two week exercise didn't work at all”可知,妈妈想放弃跑步,因为她认为两周的锻炼一点效果也没有。give up意为“放弃”,符合语境。故选A。
【考点】考查动词短语辨析。
38．【答案】C
【解析】根据第二段第一句中的“ran with me in our neigborhood”可知,此处指为了鼓励妈妈，“我”教她使用社区的健身设施来锻炼。neighborhood意为“社区”,符合语境。故选C。
【考点】考查名词辨析。
39．【答案】C
【解析】It takes/took sb．＋时间＋to do sth．是固定句式，意为“做某事花了某人多长时间”。故选C。【考点】考查动词辨析。
40．【答案】A
【解析】根据空格前一句“Exercise brings health and happiness to me．”可知,锻炼给妈妈带来了健康和幸福。此处指妈妈不再担心她的健康了。never意为“绝不，一点都不”，符合语境。故选A。
【考点】考查副词辨析。
词汇积累：health n．健康follow v．遵循，听从importance n．重要性carefully adv．仔细地praise v．表扬
常考短语：lose weight 减肥get up 起床worry about 担心
常考句型：so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”。
例句：I tried to run slowly so that she could follow me．(第二段第二句)
译文：我试图慢点跑以便她能够跟上我。
IV．阅读理解
第一节
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乒乓球教练——机器人Forpheus的相关情况。41．【答案】A
【解析】根据第一段第一句中的“artificial intelligence(人工智能)．．．．．．has greatly influenced the ways we live, work and play”可知，人工智能在许多方面影响了人们的生活。因此，该题的描述正确。故选A。
【考点】细节理解题。
42．【答案】B
【解析】根据第三段第一句“Named Forpheus, the smart table tennis robot is quite special．”可知,Forpheus是机器人的名字，不是机器人发明者的名字。因此,该题的描述错误。故选B．
【考点】细节理解题。
43．【答案】A
【解析】根据第三段第二、三句“It can study the movements of human players and the speeds of the ball．In this way, it can exactly judge(判断) the players’ skill levels(水平)．”可知，这个机器人能准确地判断选手的技术水平。因此,该题的描述正确。故选A。
【考点】细节理解题
44．【答案】A
【解析】根据最后一段中的“In the next 20 years,it will be possible that one robot teaches another to play table tennis or even invents another one!”可知,在未来，一个机器人可以教另外一个机器人打乒乓球。因此,该题的描述正确。故选A．
【考点】细节理解题。
45．【答案】B
【解析】根据第三段倒数第二、三句中的“it encourages players．．．．．．．．．．．．it gives some good advice to improve their skills”可知，机器人不仅可以鼓励人类运动员，还能给他们提建议来帮助他们提高技能。因此,该题描述错误。故选B．
【考点】细节理解题。
词汇积累：influence v．影响special adj．特殊的exactly adv．准确地encourage v．鼓励inventor n．发明者，发明家
常考短语：not only……but also… 不仅．．．．．．而且……；what's more 另外
常考句型：that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语时，不可以省略。
例句：Recently, a scientist has invented a special robot that can be a table tennis coach．(第二段第一句)
译文：最近，一名科学家发明了一个能够当乒乓球教练的特殊机器人。
第二节
B
46．【答案】D
【解析】根据第一个表格中的倒数第二句“However, when the dolphins saw themselves in the mirror, they tried to clean the red marks off their bodies．”可知在测试中,海豚努力擦掉身上的红色标记。故选D。
【考点】细节理解题。
47．【答案】A
【解析】根据第二个表格中的最后一句“Instead, when the researchers showed them vertical lines(垂直线)，the bees simply flew away, because they knew there was no way to get sugar．可知,当蜜蜂看见垂直线的时候，它们飞走了。故选A。
【考点】细节理解题。
48．【答案】C
【解析】根据第三个表格中的倒数第二句中的“but the young chimpanzees performed much better”可知,在记忆数字的位置测试中，年幼的黑猩猩表现更出色。故选C。
【考点】细节理解题。
词汇积累：researcher n．研究者fight v．打架，打斗simply adv．仅仅human-like adj．似人类的screen n．屏幕perform v．执行,做
常考短语：from…．．．．to…．．．从．．．．．．．到……less than 少于
常考句型：when引导时间状语从句，意为“当．．．．．．．时”；because引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。例句：Instead, when the researchers showed them vertical lines(垂直线)，the bees simply flew away，because they knew there was no way to get sugar．(第二个表格中的最后一句)
译文：相反，当研究者给蜜峰展示垂直线的时候，蜜蜂们只是飞走了，因为它们知道它们没有办法得到糖。
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章从三个方面论述了成为一个好的倾听者的重要性。
49．【答案】A
【解析】根据第二段第一二句“When someone is sad or angry, he wants to express his poor feelings．At this moment, we need to listen silently first until he gets clam(冷静的)．”可知，当别人伤心或生气的时候,我们需要先静静地倾听他们。故选A。
【考点】细节理解题。
50．【答案】C
【解析】根据画线词所在句的前一句“For example, we may think our parents are always talking too much．”可
知，此处指父母说得太多其实是因为他们担心我们的健身、学习等。因此，anxious应意为“担心的”,相当于worried。故选C。
【考点】词义猜测题。
51．【答案】D
【解析】。根据第四段最后两句“In order to show our respect(尊重) for others, we had better listen to them first, Then we can express our ideas．”可知，为了表达我们对别人的尊重，我们应该先倾听别人，然后再表达自己的观点。故选D。
【考点】细节理解题
词汇积累：silent adj．安静的helpful adj．有帮助的patiently adv．耐心地behavior n．行为express v．表达
常考短语：the same……as．．．．．．．跟……一样help…．．．out 帮助…．．．．解决困难in fact 实际上care about 关心
常考句型：动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；that引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略。
例句：Listening silently is a good quality that we should have．(第一段第四句)
译文：安静地倾听是我们应该具有的好品质。
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。生于1937年的薛敏修在天津大学读了四年书后于2018年以优异的成绩毕业了。
52．【答案】A
【解析】根据第一段最后一句中的“Xue Minxiu, born in 1937”和第二段第四句中的“In 2014，she was accepted by Tianjin University”可推知，薛敏修是(2014-1937=)77岁时考上天津大学的。故选A。
【考点】推理判断题。
53．【答案】B
【解析】根据第三段第三句“Whenever she had problems, she would either solve them by herself or ask teachers for help．”可知,当薛敏修遇到困难的时候，她会自己解决或者向老师寻求帮助。故选B。
【考点】细节理解题。
54．【答案】B
【解析】通读全文可知,文章报道了八十岁高龄的薛敏修在天津大学刻苦学习的事迹。因此，最佳标题为“A Hard-working Old Lady”,故选B．
【考点】标题概括题。
55．【答案】C
【解析】通读全文可知，文章报道了薛敏修从天津大学顺利毕业的事迹，因此本文应是一则新闻，可能出自报纸。故选C．
【考点】文章出处题。
词汇积累：graduation n．毕业receive v．收到chance n．机会during prep．在．．．．．．期间lifelong adj．终身的
常考短语：come true 实现be filled with 充满ask．．．．．．for help 向．．．．．．．．求助make good use of 充分利用
常考句型：wherever引导让步状语从句，意为“在任何地方，各处”
例句：Wherever she went, she would take books with her．(第二段最后一句)
译文：无论她去哪里，她都会随身带着书。
第二部分
V．完成句子
56．on/along the right
57．turn off /shut off/switch off
58．tickets
59．draw/paint a horse
60．warm smile
VI．短文填空
61．worked
62．happier
63．cleaning
64．quickly
65．turned
66．arm/ arms
67．saved
68．baby's
69．himself
70．volunteer
VII．任务型阅读
71．fight/ stop/prevent the bad environment
72．(from Senegal in the west to Djibouti in the east,) on the south/south
73．(there was) little rain
74．in 2007．
75．the great Green Wall/the tree planting project/planting trees/tree planting/building a great green wall of trees/the project of planting trees/the project of the Great Green Wall/bringing life to the dry lands/environmental protection/protecting the environment/．．．．．．
VIII．补全对话
76．Yes, nothing much．
77．Some of my paper-cutting works will be shown there
78．They are about flowers, birds and fishes
79．Can I join your club?
80．When and where shall we meet?
81．What about you/How about you/What about your speech/How about your speech/And you/How is your speech going/．．．．．．
82．My favorite sport is football/Football is my favorite (sport)/Football Soccer/I like football best/I love football best/ ．．．．．．
83．How can I collect the information/How can I do it/What can I do/How can I prepare for it/．．．．．．84．(That)sounds good/(That's) (a) good idea/(That's) great/OK, I will do that/OK, I will try/you are right/I agree ( with you )/That would be great/I will do as what you say/That makes sense/．．．．．．
85．You're welcome/That's all right/It's my pleasure/Not at all/That's OK/Don't mention it/No problem/．．．．．．IX．书面表达
【审题指导】本篇书面表达是一篇话题作文,要求考生描写独自在家照看妹妹的情况和感受。写作时使用第一人称;时态使用一般过去时。注意要保证内容完整、发挥适当思路清晰、语句通顺、行文连贯、
语言丰富、
One Possible version
Last Sunday, my parents were not at home, so I looked after my 5-year-old sister Nana at home．
In the morning, I told her many funny stories first．Then we sang and danced happily together．I also taught her to speak a few simple English words and she learned well．At noon, I cooked noodles with tomatoes and eggs．She said they were delicious．I was very glad that she enjoyed the lunch．Then we had a rest．In the afternoon, we played games together．After that, we watched cartoons until my parents came back．I felt tired but happy．
听力录音材料
I．听对话,选答案
第一节听下面10段对话,每段对话后有一个问题,读两遍,请根据每段对话的内容和后面的问题,从所给的三个选项中选出最恰当的一项。
1．W: Good morning, Dad．
M: Good morning, Lisa!
Q: Who are the two speakers?
2．W: What a nice blue shirt I．
M: Thank you．I got it from my aunt last week．
Q: What color is the shirt?
3．W: Can I help you, sir?
M: Yes．I'm new here and I get lost．I want to go to the bank．
Q: Where does the man want to go．
4．W: Tom, I'm hungry．Let's get something to eat．
M: Good idea．Some dumplings are OK．I know you like them best．
Q: What will they eat?
5．W: Jack, I don't want to watch TV at home this weekend．
M: Why not go climbing? Then we can get close to nature．
Q: What's the man's advice?
6．W: Sam, you did a good job in the reading test Congratulations!
M: Thank you!
Q: What test did Sam have?
7．W: Look at the sun．It's so hot! It makes me feel terrible．
M: Yeah．But the radio says it will be cloudy and rainy soon．
Q: How's the weather now?
8．W: I'm glad that my father will come back from London this Friday．
M: Oh, you'll have to wait for another two days．
Q: What day is it today?
9．W: Wow, Peter．You play the guitar so well．How do you do that?
M: I practice a lot and go to the music club every Sunday．
Q: What club does the boy go to every Sunday．
10．W: Steven, you have read so many books about acting．
M: Yes．I want to play roles in famous films in the future．
Q: What does the boy want to be?
第二节听下面两段对话,每段对话后有几道小题,请根据每段对话的内容和后面的问题,从所给的三个选项中选出最恰当的一项。每段对话读两遍。
听第11段对话,回答第11,12小题。
W: Hello! This is Mary．Is that John speaking?
M: Sorry．He's out．This is Sam．
W: Hi, Sam! Could you take a message to him?
M: Sure．
W: Please tell him to call me back this afternoon．
M: OK, I will．
听第12段对话,回答第13至15小题。
W: Good morning, doctor．
M: Good morning! What's wrong with you?
W: I have a stomachache．And I'm not feeling well．
M: Hmm．What did you have for supper yesterday?
W: I ate two ice creams and a hamburger．You know, it was hot yesterday, so I also ate many pieces of watermelon．
M: That's it! Don't eat so many cold things at a time．
W: OK, I won't．Is it serious?
M: Nothing serious．Take this medicine three times a day and you will be better soon．
W: Thank you, doctor．
Ⅱ．听短文,选答案
本题你将听到一篇短文,读两遍,请从每个小题的三个选项中,选出最恰当的一项。
Zhang Y uan is a middle school student．Last summer, his parents took him to America for a holiday．One day, they visited a special town．It was very small．Most of the time, the town was very quiet and peaceful．There was only a 79-year-old lady living there．Her husband died in 2004 and her children all worked in the big cities．She had a small shop in the town．Sometimes when a few visitors came here or passed by, the lady was glad to see and help them．She felt happy when helping others．Although she was alone, the lady enjoyed living in the town and being with her dead husband．She was content with her life there.
Zhang Y uan thought the town was lonely, but full of love.