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八年级英语讲义经典整理

1词形转化

Rubbish un =litter take out the rubbish

Fold- feld-feld-folding fold your clothes

Sweep-swept-swept-sweeping sweep the floor

floor第三人称单数：floors复数：floors现在分词：flooring过去式：floored过去分词：floored

mess-messy-messily mess up陷入困境；搞糟

a mess of一大堆…；把…弄糟in a mess乱糟糟，一团糟

neither none either

shirt shirts wear a shirt T-shirt

pass passed/past passed/past passing pass on

borrow borrowed borrowed borrow from

lend lent lent lending lend to

finger cn finger

hate hateful 可憎的；可恨的；可恶的 .hatefully 可憎地；憎恨地

chore chores do chores

make the bed=make one’s bed

dinner cook dinner have dinner breakfast lunch go out for dinner tire tired tiring

reply replied replied

angry anger angrily

come came come do did done sit sat sat

help helped helped helping helpful helpless

other others

bore boring bored

重点词法

1.Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？

【解析1】Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？

用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。

Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.

【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答：Sorry , I can’t

【2013 湖北黄冈3】40.—Could I borrow your camera?

— ___________，but please give it back by Saturday.

A. I am sorry

B. Of course

C. Certainly not

D. No, thanks

15.—Sir , could you please put out your cigarette? This is a smoke-free（无烟的）school.

— __________

A. I'm sorry about this.

B. No problem

C. Sure, I'd love to

Never mind

Could you please?检查它

Could you please? 洗碗

Could you please? 拖地

Could you , please? 整理你的床铺

Could you please?叠你的衣服

Could you please?打扫起居室

Could you please? 倒垃圾

Could you please not do sth ?请你（不做）......好吗

Could you please?不要玩电脑游戏

Could you please?不要大声说话

Could you please?抽烟

Could I ?我能做某事吗用于寻求允许

Could I ?使用你的电脑

Could I ? 去看电影

Could I ?在外面呆到很晚

Could I ?搭便车

Could I ?看电视

【解析2】take out 取出（v+ adv）

【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边

【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾take a walk 散步take away 拿走，取走

take care of 关心，照顾，保管take an exam 参加考试ake one’s temperature 量体温

The gift is in the box. You can take it out.

（）His teeth hurt badly. The dentist ______.

A .take out it B. take out them C. take it out D .take them out

( ) — Lisa, we need to clean the kitchen. Could you ____ the trash?

— -Yes, sure.

take after B. take off C. take place D. take out

( ) _____ your pen and write down what I’m going to say.

A. Take away

B. Take off

C. Take down

D. Take out

A.【2013黑龙江大庆】6. You had better hurry or we’ll be late for the plane. The plane will _______ in a few minutes.

A. take up

B. take down

C. take off

D. take away

你能和我一起去散步吗?

你应该关心你的父母。

那个男孩明天将参加一个考试

请脱掉你的外套。

2. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？do the dishes 洗碗

【结构1】do the +名词：do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服

【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生

【结构3】do one’s + 名词do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物

Do some shopping do some cleaning

你能和你一起去购物吗？

你能打扫卫生吗？

你能做你的家庭作业吗？

( ) He helps his mother ______ after every meal.

A. does the dishes

B. do the dish

C. do the dishes

D. does the dish

Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？

【解析1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?

【解析2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过

【2012江苏南通4】Now all of us exercise at ___ least ____ hour a day and outside school.

A. the; a

B.a; an

C.不填；a

D.不填；an

他至少50岁了。

你至少看了2个小时电视了

【解析3】finish v 结束；完成finish doing sth 做完某事finish sth 做完某事let's _________________ the work 一起把工作完成吧

.I ____________________at 8:00 last night.(昨晚八点我完成了作业)

You do have to________________________before eating吃东西之前，你确实得先洗手你应该今天完成它

10. ---May I go out with you tomorrow?

---If your job ______by then.

A. has been finished

B. finish

C. will be finished

D. will finish

2013四川雅安4】8. —Can you finish ____ these books before 10 o'clock?—Yes, I can.

A. to read

B. read

C. reads

D. Reading

I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。

【解析1】two hours of TV表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

How time is flies! Three years _______(be) really a short time.

300dollar _____enough

【记】Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others. 【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。

足够的时间____________ 足够的蔬菜___________ 足够快__________ 足够聪明 ____________

We____________ our homework. 我们有充足的时间做家庭作业?

I was______________ believe him. 我够傻的,竟会相信他?

由中考试题看so...that,too...to 和enough to 的转换

so ．．．that ，too ．．．to 和enough to 是初中英语教材中的重要结构。在一定条件下它们可以相互转换，并经常成为中考热点，请看下面三道中考试题：

1． T he water was so dirty that we couldn't drink it ．

The water was ____ dirty for us ____ drink ．

2．The child is so young that he can't put on his clothes ．

The child isn't ____ ____ ____ put on his clothes ．

3．The problem is too difficult for me to work out ．

The problem isn't ____ ____ ____ for me to work out

4. Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?

你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？【解析】take out 拿出；取出

---- Careless driving after drinking ______ his life. ---- I ?m sorry to hear that.

A. took

B. spent

C. paid

D. cost

6. The minute I sat down in front of the TV , my mom came over .

我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。

【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......”

Please write to me the minute you get there.

她一到那，我就将给她打电话。

【解析2】 in front of

指在物体外部的前面 There is a bike in front of the classroom.

【辨析】指在物体内部的前部 Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom

【记】 The driver sat ________________ the car.

The policeman stood ___________ the car.

There is a blackboard the classroom.

( ) At last the taxi stopped ______ a tall building ,and we all got off.

A. in front

B. in the front

C. in front of

D. in the front of

【注意】有the无the区别大：

at table 吃饭；进餐

at the tabel 在桌边

in hospital 住院

in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）

【解析3】come over 过来come over to sb顺便来访

【拓展】come 短语：

come across（偶然）发现come back 回来come up with想出

come true实现come down下来come from=be from来自,出生于

come in/into进入,进来come on赶快,加油come along走吧,过来,快点

come and go来来去去come up上来come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来

1.If we try our best，our dream will ______ one day.（内蒙古自治区包头市）

A.work out

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218474824.html,e true

C.put up

D.show off

2.Han Han is a popular writer. His new book will ______ this September.（江苏省宿迁市）

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218474824.html,e up

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218474824.html,e in

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218474824.html,e out

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7218474824.html,e on

1. I came _____ him first in Beijing.

2. Come _____, try it again.

3. I’ll help you too if any beast comes _____ you.

4. It is impossible for a dead animal to come _____

5. Lei Feng came _____ a poor peasant’s family.

6. The trees turn green and flowers come _____

7 This magazine comes _____ once a month.

7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！【解析】all the time = always 一直；总是

【拓展】与time相关的短语：

on time 按时in time 及时at the same time同时form time to time偶尔the first time 第一次at times 有时

time and time again 一再；经常last time上次next time 下次

The train arrives __________.

If you run, you may be_________ for the bus

Meimei goes to the zoo _________ 梅梅有时去动物园

Look!The monkeys are running and jumping __________看！那些猴子总是蹦来蹦去

See you tomorrow____________ 明天同一时间见

8. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！

【解析】as...as ... 和......一样......

【注】比较级倍数表达句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象As big as twice as big as three times as big as

This room is ________that one.三倍大

Your room is_________ mine.一样大

This bridge is ________________ that one.三倍长

【2013玉林1】56. Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings ______the famous singer, CoCo.

A. as well as

B. as good as

C. as better as

D. as the best as 2013临沂1】21. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should go to an open area as _____ as possible.

A. quickly

B. quietly

C. loudly

D. slowly 你的帽子和我的一样漂亮

33. It’s said that the power plant is now____ large as what it was.

A. twice as

B. as twice

C. twice much

D. much twice

9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.

一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。

【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语“某人（主语）也不”

⑴neither两者都不neither …nor… 既不…也不…,

连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定

Neither Tom nor Jim is a student

她既不喜欢乳酪也不喜欢黄油

__________________ is at home today. 今天胞勃和汤母都不在家

【2013浙江绍兴】6.—Which magazine do you like better, Crazy Reading or Teen’s space?

—I like ___of them. They are useful for English lessons.

A. none

B. neither

C. all

D. both

【十堰】D27. －Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walkman?

－______. I prefer a portable computer.

A. Both

B. Either

C. None

D. Neither

5. —The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even

_______.

—That's so cool!

A. all

B. both

C. neither

D. none

3. I have two sisters, but ________of them is a teacher.

A. all

B. neither

C. both

D. none

⑵表达“…也不……”则用“Neither /Nor + be / V助/ V情+ 主”

They didn't go to the park yesterday. Neither / Nor did we. 昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去

She doesn't go to school by bus. ________我也没

1. He can ride a bike, so ____I.

2. The boy woke, and a week later, so ____his friend.

3. Tom doesn’t like bananas. Neither ____his wife.

4. If you won’t go, neither ____I.

5. He is a teacher and so____ his wife.

6. She has been to New York .So I.

7. I like singing and so Tom.

8. I don’t eat meat and neither Helen.

9. James didn’t attend the meeting and neither Jane.

10. She hasn’t seen that film. Neither I.

11. I don’t like football. Neither I.

10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.

第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。

【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语

【注】find →found →found v寻找

(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事

(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……

◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难

You will____________ at the back of the book. 在书后你可找到答案

We find __________________________ 我们发现这个故事很有趣

I found ___________________________我发现那个小男孩藏在门后

He found__________________________. 他发现要及时完成这项工作很困难( ) She found ___ hard to finish the work by herself.

A. that

B. it’s

C. it

D. this

11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。

【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地

surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的→surprised adj. 吃惊的

to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是

in surprise 吃惊地be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

John turned around and looked at me _________

The news greatly _____ us. 这条消息使我们大为惊讶

We_______________ his arrival

She _________________ find her handbag missing

___________，the boy won the prize.

“A farmer?” said the Frenchman ________________

12. “I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。”我回答说。【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。

(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事

(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done

He________________需要一些帮助

It's cold outside. You need_______________穿上你的大衣

用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词

(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要不必

You ________________at once.你不必马上做那件事情

You ______________this week.这周你不必去

(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t

—Must I go there now? —Yes，you must/No, you needn’t

练习

1.Grandpa_________ to water the flowers now . It’s going to rain soon

2.. Tom will help you finish the work on time , so you _________ worry about it

3. John , you _________ do your homework today , Leave it for tomorrow

4. Since you are very tired , you ___________ finish the work today

5.Parents __________ pay for the nine years’ education in China

6.Don’t feed the fish too often for they __________ much food

7.There is plenty of time. You _________ be in such a hurry.

This exercise is not difficult . I _________ any help ( )

You ____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

8. A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come

share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物

让我们分享这块蛋糕吧

我喜欢和我的妈妈分享快乐。

13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？

【解析】hang out 闲逛hang up 把......悬挂/挂起

你喜欢和你的朋友闲逛吗？

14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？

【解析】pass ⑴v 给；递；走过；通过pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人Pass on 传递

Please pass the paper on to the other students.

我把我的书递给了她，

请把这个篮球传给他

⑵v 通过；路过I pass your home. ⑶v 通过（考试）；及格Tom can pass his math exam.

如果你不努力，你将不能通过考试。

【2013广东中考】If Nancy __ the exam , she will go to Australia for English study.

A. pass

B. passed

C. passes

D. will pass

15.Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗

Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？

【解析】borrow /lend/keep

(1)borrow 借入,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】

borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.

(2)lend 借出,与to 搭配【指借出去】lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人

He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.

(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一

段时间】

【记】I want to __________ a bike from my friend but he didn’t ____ it to me, Because Tom had _____ it for two days.

【宁夏中考1】You may ___ the book for two weeks.

A. keep

B. borrow

C. lend

D. buy

Although you like the book, you may only ______ it for two weeks.

A. borrow

B. keep

C. lend

D. stay.

—May I ____ your dictionary?—Sorry. Li Lei ____ it for five days.

A. lend; borrowed

B. borrow; has kept

C. borrow ; has borrowed

lend; has lent

16. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。

【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。

try v 试图，设法，努力

【拓展】(1)try on 试穿(2) try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】

(3) try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】

(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事

1 Scientists are trying their best to _______ ways to treat the terrible disease called H7N9.

A. come up with

B. look forward to

C. talk about

D. give up

2013广东中考2】—I didn’t hear you come in just now.

—That’s good. We tried ____ any noise, for you were sleeping.

A. not make

B. not to make

C. to make

D. Making

Nobody answers the front door.Let's __________ the back door.

没人应前门,我们试试敲后门

Let's ______________ this maths problem.

让我们努力解开这道数学题.

You can __________the shirt if you like

17. I hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务。

【解析】hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。I hate to trouble him.

hate doing sth不愿意做某事表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。

She hates smoking in her room.

18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？

【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。

ask for 请求，要某物ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事

(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事

ask构成的短语：

A. ask; for

B. ask; to

C. ask for; /

D. asks;

( ) If you have difficulty in learning English, you should ask your teacher or your classmates ___ help.

A. for

B. of

C. in

D. on

【重庆中考】Mr. Li asks the students ____ in the river, because it’s too dangerous.

A. swim

B. to swim

C. not to swim

D. to not swim

【2013北京中考】Our teacher often asks us _____ questions in groups.

A. discuss

B. to discuss

C. discussing

D. discussed

19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.

当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。

【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事

Finish的用法及物动词 vt. 1. 结束;完成[+v-ing]

When does he ______ his college course? 他何时大学毕业?

I haven't_________ the book yet. 我还没读完这本书

【解析2】while conj. “在……期间；当……的时候”

While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。While用法小结：一、 while 用作名词时，意为“一段时间，一会儿”。例如： I stayed there for a short while. （我在那儿呆了一小会儿。） The postman came a short while ago. （邮递员刚刚来过。）

二、 while 用作连词时，有以下几种含义：

1. 意为“当……时候，和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。例如： While I was watching TV, the bell rang. （我看电视时，铃响了。）Meimei watched TV while she ate her supper. （梅梅边吃晚饭边看电视。）

【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。

【注】help v帮助→helpful adj. 有帮助的

(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下

(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下

Can you_______________________h ? 你能帮助我学英语吗？

Help yourself to_____________. 请随便吃鱼

_____________ her, he found his lost child

Can you help____________? 你能帮助他完成这项工作吗？

重点短语

go out for dinner 出去吃饭

stay out late 在外面待到很晚

go to the movies 去看电影

get a ride 搭车

work on 从事

finish doing sth. 完成做某事

clean and tidy 干净整洁

do the dishes 洗餐具

take out the rubbish 倒垃圾

fold your/the clothes 叠衣服

sweep the floor 扫地

make your/the bed 整理床铺

clean the living room 打扫客厅

no problem 没问题

welcome sb. 欢迎某人

come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家

throw down 扔下

sit down 坐下

come over 过来

take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步

all the time 一直;总是

all day/evening 整曰/夜

do housework 做家务

shout back 大声回应

walk away 走开

.share the housework 分担家务

a comfortable home 一个舒适的家

in surprise 惊讶地

get something to drink 拿点喝的东西

watch one show 观看一个节目

hang out 闲逛

pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人

lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人

get sth. wet 使某物弄湿

hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事help sb. (to ) d o /with sth 帮助某人干某事bring a tent带顶帐篷来

buy some snacks买些小吃

go to the store去商店

invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

enough stress足够的压力

waste of time浪费时间

in order to为了

get good grades取得好成绩

mind doing sth. 介意做某事

depend on依赖;依靠

develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立性

look after/take care of 照顾；照看

do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事

二、重点句型

1. Could you please…..do sth. ?

Could you please clean your room?你能整理一下你的房间吗？

2. I have to do some work.我必须干些活。

3. Could I+ do sth. ?

Could I use your computer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗？

4. She won’ t be happy if she sees this mess.

如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。

5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。

6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V . 我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。

7. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth.

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