如何写主题句
如何写主题句
肯定句
Example： The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before．
主题句出现的位置：
段首
如何写好主题句
1）要写合乎语法的句子
Example 1： Two causes of the American Civil War．
这个句子是个不完整的句子，不合乎语法，因此不能用作主题句。
Example 2： There were two causes that led to the American Civil War．
重写后的句子合乎语法，是个较好的主题句。
2）要使用限写词限定主题
为了正确表达观点，好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组，即限制词（controllers）限制这一观点。
Example 3： Air travel is more convenient than train for at least three reasons．
从上例主题句我们得知作者将要写“air travel”（ topic），他将要把“train”（ aspect）和“ air travel”作比较，并且陈述“reasons”。由此可见，作者在“aspect”（方面）和“reason”（原因）两方面限制他的主题。
3）要注意主题的可写性
所定的主题不能太笼统，也不能太具体。
Example 4：In Hemingway's story “Soldier’s Home”，Krebs tells his mother that he wants no part of God's Kingdom．
这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写，无法展开段落。
Example 5：In Hemingway's story “Soldier’s Home”， Kreb is a lonely，cynical veteran．
这个句子可作为主题句，因为可以围绕“lonely，cynical”展开段落。
Example 6： Let me tell you something about overpopulation．
这个句子太笼统，作为一个段落的主题太大，难于驾驭。
如何写论据
论证方法：
同一段可以使用多个论证手段
但是：
不是说每一段都得使用到这几种，将论证方法分散到你的论据中。不要成了填空式作文。
1.扩展主题句
（基本句型）
1. 扩展主题句：
A: 同义替换
1. in other words换言之
2. that is to say也就是说
3. to be more precise说的具体一些
4. by … I mean 我的意思是
5. this means…这意味着
6. Namely
主题句中的名词讲清楚---抽象名词具体化
The cost of living has been steadily rising in the past decades.
Food prices, clothing costs, housing expenses, and tuition fees annually increased by % over the period of 1995 to 2008.
TS:
For one thing, offering academic knowledge can contribute to students’ achievement.
使用拓展主题句方法展开：
That is to say, in primary school, children should be instilled the ability of spell Chinese characters and basic mathematical knowledge which ensure them mastering the common sense in daily life and offering the first step of further education.
展开支持句的方法：
1.因果展开
An advantage of going to school at an early age is that children develop faster socially.
展开句： they learn how to make friends with other children of a similar age. This is often not possible at home because their brothers or sisters are older or younger.
Car companies should help people better understand electric cars.
展开句： As fuel prices are very high, people will buy electric ares if they know that electric cars save them money in the long term.
The internet is the key to the knowledge and information available in the
world today.
展开句：Therefore, it is important that children learn to use the equipment with confidence.
2.举例展开
We need to improve the public transport services available to travelers
展开句：For example,if better underground train systems were built and maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be reduced.
Children need to develop social skills.
展开句： A good way for them to do this is through activities such as team sports and playing with other children.
举例子常用短语
1. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the fact that more and more young people are finding it easier to get jobs.
2. A good case in point is Wuhan, which has a pedestrian shopping street.
3. Take my father as an example.
4. to illustrate, as an illustration
3. 对比展开
People today are less active than they used to be.
展开句：Most adults relax by watching television or browsing the Internet, while children play video games instead of playing sports.
Young people who pass directly from school to university have limited experience of the world.
展开句： By contrast, those who have spent some time traveling to other places have a broader view of life.
对比论证 Comparison and contrast
A：具体情况反对对比
B: 过去和现在的对比
Should young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible
TS:
At the contemporary society, moral guidance should be offered by parents to ensure those young fellows to refrain from misleading by inappropriate materials.
第一句：如果年轻人没有适当的保护直接面对社会上所有的诱惑，他们就会比和父母生活在一起的同龄人更有可能走上犯罪道路。
If young adults are exposed without proper protection from their parents to all the temptations and evils of society, they are more likely to fall into a life of crime than people of the same age who still live with their parents.
第二句：转折
相反，对于那些依然和父母生活的年轻人来说，他们会知道当他们有困难的时候该怎么做。
Conversely, for those who still stay with their families, they might be informed of correct ways when they are in trouble.
论据综合实例
Some people think that news media is negative for society, what is your opinion
The news media is the only way for the public to be informed of a variety of useful knowledge in information society and there is no substitute at the moment.
In the past, and individual had to deal with very few things within one day and therefore it was possible for him to know what happened around him in person. But nowadays, with the trend of globalization, he could virtually do nothing without the news media. For example, the news stories about the education policies abroad and the overseas studying experience have addicted parents and their children to select the suitable universities before they have not got the opportunity to visit the country involved.
4.类比展开
It gives pupils more opportunity to choose subjects freely.
展开句：For example, a much higher proportion of girls study science when they attend girls’schools than girls in mixed school do. Similarly, boys in sing-sex schools are more likely to study languages, which are often thought of as traditional subjects for girls.
Top sports professionals are paid huge salaries.
展开句： Like film stars, they live in large houses and drive expensive cars.
5.让步展开
Many advertising companies produce advertisements with famous actors or singers
展开句： People， especially young people, buy goods that their favorite actors or singers advertise, although they do not really need the products.
Most of the rubbish comes from the packaging from the things we buy.
展开句：Even if we buy fresh without packaging, we still produce rubbish from plastic bags.
6.假设展开
Security cameras can deter criminals.
展开句：If they see a security camera, they may think twice about breaking into a building or stealing a car.
We need to improve the public transport services available to travelers.
展开句：For example, if better underground train systems were built and maintained in our majors cities, then traffic on the roads would be reduced.
Stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of our working or leisure time.
展开句： If there were easy-to-reach sports centers, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives.
Government funding for public art projects should be continued.
展开句：Without such funding, cities and towns would be much less interesting and attractive.
If ......then may be likely to without..., .....would......
7.下定义展开
They are allowed to have whatever they want.
展开句：This means that the children grow up without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.
Those who have spent some time earning a living have a broader view of life.
展开句：They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research.
8.限定范围（取或舍）展开
The birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children.
展开句：These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want.
Cars owners can also help to reduce pollution.
展开句：They can take public transport rather than driving whenever possible.
让步段的写法
必须指出
让步段是问题的次要方面
或者有解决方案
学生是否应该兼职
Thesis：Students should take part-time jobs.
Point 1: Students can make some money.
Point 2: Students can get some working experience.
Concession:
Admittedly, taking a part-time job may have some disadvantages. For instance, if students spend excessive time on part-time jobs, their academic performance might drop. However, I still think the benefits of part-time jobs overweigh the negative effects.
如何写末段：
宗旨：重申总论点和最重要的分论点
结构：
首词（表示总结的关联词）+重申总论点 +补充说明
议论类的关联词
In a nutshell/in sum/all in all/ in conclusion/
It is an inescapable conclusion that
When all the factors are examined, we may safely come to the conclusion that
From what has been discussed above, we can see that (it is obvious that，personally, I firmly hold that）….
二. 问题解决类文章的首词或首句（结尾段需要给出建议类型）
Nevertheless, numerous solutions to this problem may be found.
From my point of view, what teenagers are in urgent need of is to …
To relieve it, I wish to suggest three appropriate measures.
三.两边倒
1). 总论点+两面性不影响特性
2). 总论点+结合两方面
1).总论点+两面性不影响特性
There are various kinds of media used for communicating information, such as the theatre, films, comics. TV, radio and books. Which do you think is the most effective How do you think about it.......
In a word, TV has both its strengths and its weakness. Yet this two-sidedness does not prevent TV being the most effective of all the media in society today.
2). 总论点+结合两方面
Surveillance cameras------
All in all, the best solution is for both sides to respect each other’s needs. The shopkeeper should place surveillance cameras in such a way that the customer does not feel that he or she is being spied upon. At the same time, the customer shoul d respect the shopkeeper’s concern about theft.
四.一边倒
1）总论点+最重要的分论点
2）总论点+否则
总论点+最重要的分论点
Death penalty-----
Personally, I am an opponent of the death penalty. Mistakes could be made which it is not possible to rectify. In addition, there is no evidence that the death penalty has the effect of reducing crime, which is surely the aim of punishment.
总论点+否则
Some people think that, as scientists contribute more to the development of our society than other people, science students get more financial support from the government than other students get. Do you
agree or disagree -------
In sum, the needs of science and arts students for higher education should be duly and equally addressed by the government. Otherwise not only would the world become much drier and duller, but society as a whole would develop in an unbalanced and distorted manner.
修改:
分论点是否跑题
段落间的连接，每句话间的连接
1）时间顺序： before / prior to / after/ afterwards/ as soon as/ while 2）转折对比： though/ despite (the fact that)/ whereas/ compared with 3）因果关系
4）条件关系：
if / provided that / so long as/ unless
5) 递进关系：
in addition/ besides/ furthermore/ moreover
动词时态
名词主谓
冠词（可数名词作第三人称单数）
拼写
大小写
标点：
不建议使用的标点：! … “” ---谨慎使用的（）；
提倡使用的 , .