初中英语语法中需要注意的几个典型问题

初中英语语法中需要注意的几个典型问题

九种含动词不定式的句型

1. “It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.” 意为“该做……的时候了”。注意：该句式也可扩展为：“ It's time for sb. to do sth. ”“是某人做某事的时候了”。

如：It's time for us to go to school. 我们该去上学了。

2. “It takes sb. some time to do sth.” 意为“某人花费多少时间做某事”。

如：It takes me twenty minutes to do my homework every day. 我每天要花二十分钟的时间做作业。

3. “sb. be ready to do sth.” 意为“某人乐意做某事”。

例如：He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。

4. “ … +be （not）+ adj. + enough to do sth.” 意为“某人或物足够（不能）做某事”。

如：The boy is old enough to go to school. 这男孩已到了上学的年龄了。

5. “It's + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.” 意为“对某人来说做某事……”。如：It is dangerous for children to swim in that river. 孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。

6. “ … would like/ love to do sth.” 意为“……喜欢/ 想做某事”。本句式还可扩展为“… would like / love sb. to do sth. ”意为“……喜欢/ 想让某人做某事”。

例如：I would like to go swimming with you. 我想和你一起去游泳。

7. “ … had better do sth.” 意为“……最好做某事”。

例如：You had better not speak when your mouth is full of food. 满嘴食物时你最好别说话。

8. “Why don't you + do + …… ？= Why not + do + …… ？” 意为“你为什么不……”。

如：This book is a bit difficult. Why not read something easier？这本书有点难，你为什么不读点容易的？

9. “Would/ Will you please + do + … ？” 意为“请你……好吗？”。

如：Would you please open the window ？请你打开窗户好吗？

比较级和最高级的否定意义

众所周知，英语中的形容词和副词有比较级和最高级两种形式。这两种形式除了分别表示两者之间和两者以上之间的比较外，还可用来表示否定意义。这种用法主要有以下几种：

1. “know better than +to do” 结构意为“晓得不应该做；不至于蠢到去做”。

如：She knows better than to go alone on such a night. 在这样的夜晚，她不至于连不宜单独外出也不知道。注意下列三句有类似意义：

I am wiser than to believe that. 我不至于蠢到去相信这件事。

You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes. 你的法语较好，不至于犯这样的错误。

He is more experienced than to do such a thing. 他比较有经验，不至于做这样的事。

2. “more than…can” 这种句型形式上是肯定的，实际上有否定含义。

如：The boys in the street have become very insolent and it is more than flesh and blood can bear. 街上的男孩们变得非常无礼，到了人所不能忍受的地步。

The beauty of the place is more than I can describe. 那地方美得无法形容。

This is more than I can tell. 这我简直不懂。

He has bitten off more than he can chew. 他承担了力所不能及的事。

3. 用the last ，the least 等最高级形式表示强烈的否定意义。

如：He is the last man to tell a lie. 他是最不可能说谎的人。

This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我万万没有想到会在这儿碰上你。

That was the least of his worries. 那可是他最不担心的事情。

日期中的大写、缩写与标点

在英语里，表达日期时常涉及到字母的大写、单词的缩写和标点符号。现将其要点归纳如下：

一、字母的大写

表示星期、月份的第一个大写字母要大写。如Sunday，Monday … Saturday ，January … December .

二、单词的缩写

有时为了书写简例，在表示星期、月份时要对较长的单词进行缩写。它们是：

（ 1 ）星期

Sunday （Sun.），Monday （Mon.），Tuesday （Tues.），Wednesday （Wed.），Thursday （Thur. or Thurs.），Friday （Fri.），Saturday （Sat.）

记忆方法：除“星期二”取前四个字母和“星期四”取前四个或五个字母外，其余单词均取前三个字母，并在右下方加上小圆点。

（ 2 ）月份

January （Jan.），February （Feb.），March （Mar.），April （Apr.），June （Jun.），July （Jul.），August （Aug.），September （Sep. or Sept.），October （Oct.），November （Nov.），December （Dec.）

记忆方法：除May 没有缩写形式外，其余单词均可取前三个字母，右下方加个小圆点表示缩写，September 也可取前四个字母加圆点表示。

（ 3 ）在英语的日期表达中，表示某日一般使用序数词，其缩写通常为：

1st，2nd，3rd，4th，5th … 30th

我们将在初二年级学习序数词的相关用法。

记忆方法： 1 号，2 号，3 号，21 号，22 号，23 号的缩写均为“日期数+st 、nd 、rd （first，second，third 的后两个字母）”，其余的日子缩写均为“数字+ th ”；也可直接用数字来表达某日。如March 14，1995 或March 14th，1995

三、标点符号

在月、日和年之间或星期和月、日和年之间要加逗号。如：Feb. 5，2004 或Thursday，February 5，2004

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一、选择题 1．We were in Qingdao last spring and _______ great fun there. A．is having B．are having C．had D．have 2．Will you go fishing if it ________ tomorrow? A．didn’t rain B．doesn’t rain C．won’t rain 3．—Surprise! Cindy is singing in the concert. —But she ______. A．will refuse B．refused C．refuses D．has refuse 4．No noise, please. Your brother ________ his homework in the next room. A．does B．is doing C．did D．has done 5．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 6．Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A．used to live; used to eating B．is used to live; used to eat C．is used to live; used to eating D．used to living; used to eat 7．My mother will be very angry with me when she out where I have been. A．finds B．found C．will find D．has found 8．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 9．Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know only a little about them. A．study B．studies C．has studied D．have studied 10．— Who ________the classroom tomorrow, Tony? — Our group. A．will clean B．cleans C．cleaned D．clean 11．He _______ to school by bike, but now he _____ to school on foot. A．used to going, gets used to going B．used to go, gets used to go C．used to go, gets used to going 12．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ living in the city. A．used to; used to B．was used to; gets used to C．used to; is used to D．was used to; used to 13．Look at Amy. She ________ for the school bus.

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##教育6T教材系列 一般现在时专题 时间：年月日老师电话：一、兴趣导入 猜一猜 人的一生有三天，是哪三天？ 答案：昨天、今天、明天 二、学前测试 选择题。 ( ) 1 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( )2. What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 3. -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear ( ) 4 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. Leaves C. leaf D. leave ( )5. She hasn't brought ____ book with her. Will you lend her ____? A. hers, your B. her, your C. hers, yours D. her, yours ( )6. China is ______ old country with ______ long history. A.an, a B. a, a C. an, the D. an, an ( )7. My sister is a student of ________. A. the First Class B. Class One C. One Class D. Class First ( )8. The government of Chongqing is building ________ cheap and good houses for the people. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 三、知识讲解 【No. 1】一般现在时的定义及构成 1.定义：一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。

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育才助教中心内部资料 初中英语专题训练题 专题一：词汇部分（名词、数词、冠词） A:名词专项 可修饰名词的常用词： 1）修饰可数名词与不可数名词：some, any, a lot of, lots of, pie nty of 2）饰可数名词的有：many, （a）few, a large （great） number of 3）只修饰不可数名词的有：much, （a）little, a great deal of 2、难点 1）名词所有格的归纳 1、a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoe& 2、C hildren's Day 3、a friend of my father's 4、a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles'journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。 （说明：表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's）5、a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers 。 （说明：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构） 6、L i Lei and Wang Fei's bedroom, an hour and a half's talk （说明：表示两个名词共有一样东西时，在第二个名词后面加’S） 7、J im's and Peter's desks; Joe's and David's books （说明：表示两个名词各有的东西时，在各个名词后都加’s。） 2）名词词语辨析 区别部分名词词语辨析： I. voice, no ise, sound, music II. home, house, family, country III. place , floor, room , ground IV. work, job A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather

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一、选择题 1．My mother when I got home yesterday. A．will cook B．cooks C．has cooked D．was cooking 2．Becky took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games. A．play B．are playing C．were playing D．have played 3．—Look, Tom's parents look so sad. —Maybe they what's happened. A．knew B．have known C．has known D．will know 4．—How long can I _____ the English workbook? —For two weeks. A．borrow B．to borrow C．keep D．to keep 5．We’re not sure _______ there’ll be _______ or not tomo rrow. A．if; rains B．if; rainy C．whether; raining D．whether; rain 6．I________ cleaning my room.It’s clean now. A．have finished B．finished C．finish D．will finish 7．Wang Wei often ________ TV on Sunday evenings, but now he is _______ stories. A．watches; reading B．watching; reads C．looks; reading D．watches; looking 8．My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday. A．has cooked B．was cooking C．will cook D．cooks 9．Which of the following is right? A．He is used to live there. B．My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment. C．I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D．Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive. 10．— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A．was B．will be C．is going to have 11．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 12．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ living in the city. A．used to; used to B．was used to; gets used to C．used to; is used to D．was used to; used to 13．—Where are you going, Bob? —To go hiking. Eric____________ for me at the school gate! A．was waiting B．waits C．waited D．is waiting 14．— How is your new coat? — Well, I __________ it on and it fits me well.

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1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。

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以上内容详见语法书注：数词练习题见附件 四：代词 人称：表我、我们、你、你们、他、她等的词。（人称、有数和格变化）作主语、宾语、表语。 物主：表所有关系的代词。（形容词性和名词性） 反身：表我自己、你自己、他她自己等的词。（宾语、表语、同位语不能做主语） 指示：指代或标记人或事物的代词。（主语、定语、表语、宾语）不定：指代某个人或事物的代词。（主语、宾语、表语） 相互：主要有each other/one another等 疑问：用来进行提问的代词。有who/whom/whose/which/what等it的用法：作代词、作形式主语、形式宾语、强调句等 以上内容详见语法书 注：数词练习题见附件 五：形容词 分类：简单（kind/green/）和合成（a five year old boy等） 功能：作定语、表语、补足语和状语等 位置：置于名词前、多个形容词修饰同一个名词时的排列顺序。 比较级：原级、比较级、最高级 与介词搭配：（about/at/for/from/in/0f/to/with）等 常用句型：It is +adj+of+不定式表某人做某事怎么样 形容词+ing和ed等