初二英语下册第一单元讲义

初二英语下册第一单元讲义

2. I had a cold.我感冒了.

have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼

3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词

stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛

5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地 good enough足够好，

6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied

7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子.Maybe you are right.

may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词.He may be angry.

8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.

sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.

9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；

need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.

need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.

10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车

11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事

12. trouble问题，麻烦；have trouble (in) doing sth. .

13. right away=right now=at once，意为.

14. advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见 give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. doing sth .

15. exercise 动词意为锻炼

16. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，不及物动词，……（部位）疼. His leg hurt badly.

17. clean 【动词】清洁 cleaner意为清洁工

18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.

hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；

hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位.

19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；

His grandpa was used to country life.

Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.

21. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了. 人sb. run out of物sth..人用尽了某物.He run out of all his money last night.

22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险

23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的

24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择；

25. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.

be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中

26. mind意为意见；介意

二、重要短语

1. have a cold 感冒 8. think about…思考

2. have a stomachache 肚子痛 9. be interested in sth.对某事感兴趣

3. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事10. lose one’s life丧生

4. shout for help 呼救11. save one’s life挽救某人生命

5. expect (sb.) to do sth.期待某人做某事 12. take a risk=take risks冒险

6. to one’s surpr ise使某人惊讶的是 13. cut off切断

7. thanks to …幸亏 14. keep on doing sth.继续做某事

三、重点语法

反身代词【用法】

1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物.

如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物.

如：She isn’t q uite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气.

如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中.

如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己

teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）. hurt oneself摔伤自己

say to oneself自言自语 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下

buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西 introduce oneself 介绍……自己

【提醒】

1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用. 如：我自己能完成作业.

（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式.表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.

如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画.（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.

【练习】

1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _________ just now.

2. Bad luck! I cut _________ with a knife yesterday.

3. They tell us they can look after_________ very well.

4. My cat can find food by_________ .

5. Help __________to some beef, boys.（help oneself to:尽情享受）

6. Jenny enjoyed_________ in the park yesterday afternoon.

7. We can finish our homework by_________ .

8. The blind girl lost_________ in the beautiful music.

9. Xiao Hui, can you introduce _________ to us ?

10. Bill wants to teach_________ French from now on.

一词汇分类：（Vocabulary） 1. 表示身体各部位的词有：

head 头neck 颈部back 后背leg 腿arm 手hand 手foot 脚nose 鼻子eye 眼睛ear 耳朵mouth 嘴tooth 牙

齿stomach 胃（注意foot的复数形式为feet，tooth的复数形式为teeth）

2. 表示生病或不适的名词有：

a cold感冒headache头痛toothache牙痛stomachache胃痛fever 发烧backache后背痛sore throat 咽部疼痛

3. 表示身体感觉的形容词有：

tired 累的thirsty 口渴的hungry 饿的stressed out 紧张的，有压力

的 4. 医生dentist 牙医

二目标语言（主要句型）（Target Language）

1. What?s the matter ? 怎么了？

2. I have a headache . 我头疼.

3. You should go to bed . 你应该上床了.

4. That?s a good idea . 那倒是个好主意. 或That sounds like a good idea . 听起来是个好主意.

5. I have a sore back . 我后背疼.

6. I hope you feel better soon . 我希望你很快会感觉好些.

7. That?s too bad . 太糟了.

8. He has a stomachache . 他胃疼.

9. He shouldn?t eat anything for 24 hours . 他24小时内不应该吃任何东西.

10. She has a toothache . 她牙疼

11. She should see a dentist .她应该去看牙医.

12. I?m not feeling well . 我感觉不好.

四. 重点难点分析：

1. How to talk about our health .①问某人哪儿不舒服.

When we are not feeling well , we often go to see the doctor . The doctor w ill ask :

What?s wrong (with you) ?

What?s the matter (with you) ?

What?s your trouble ?

Or What happens to you ? 和(Is there) anything wrong with you ?都表示“你怎么了”.

②叙述病情.

There is something wrong with my toot我的牙出问题了.

Doctor , I?m not feeling well 我感觉不好，医生

I feel terrible . 我感觉糟透了.

I feel very ill . 我感觉病得很重.

This place hurts . (I?ve got a pain here我这个地方疼

My leg hurts . 我腿疼.

I don?t feel like eating . 我不想吃东西.

I have a cold . 我感冒了.

I have a fever . 我发烧了.

I have a headache . 我头疼.

③处置或提出建议：

1)Open your mouth , please . 张开嘴.

I want to take your temperature . 我想测测你的体温.

2)Take this medicine three times a day . 这个药一天吃三次.

3) Take three pills before you go to bed . 睡前服用三片.

4) You?d better stay in bed till tomorrow . 最好卧床休息到明天.

5) Drink lots of water and have a good rest . 多喝水，好好休息.

6) You should lie down and rest . 卧床多休息.

7) You should drink hot tea with honey . 你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶.

8) You should see a dentist . 你应该去看牙

医.9) You should go to bed early . 你应该早点上床（休息）.

2. 关于情态动词should

1) 情态动词should表“建议、应该”，其否定形式为shouldn?t . 它用于所有人称.在其后应为动词原形.

You should wait a little more . 你应该再多等一会儿.

He should tell me about it . 他应该告诉我这件事.

2) 在表示要求、命令时，语气由should（应该）、had better（最好）、must（必须）逐渐加强.

在本单元主要是表建议“应当”或“应该”.

3. have a cold感冒，还可以说get a cold . 我得了重感冒：I have a very bad cold . 在这里cold是名词，因此前边可以加冠词“a”、有时也可以说：

I have got a very bad cold . 或：I have had a very bad cold .

4. P8 . He shouldn?t eat anything for 24 hours . 他不应在24小时内吃任何东西. 在这里因为是否定句，因而不用something，而用anything，同some和any的区别一样，something 用于肯定句中，而anything用于否定或疑问句中，如：

There?s something wrong with him . 他出问题了，或他病了

Is there anything I can help ? 我能帮忙吗？

又如：Do you have any brothers ? 你有兄弟吗？

I have some good friends . 我有一些朋友.

I never have any fun . 我从没什么乐趣.

never是否定词，因此我们用any，不用some

5.What?s the matter with you ? 你怎么了？with是个介词，后边可以跟名词或代

词.

What?s the matter with Sonja ? Sonja怎么了？

6.I am not feeling well .

feel well well表示“好”，这里不用“good”.

7.She?s tired . 她很累. tired是个形容词，可以说feel tired感到很累，或说

get tired. She feels tired. 或She gets tired .

8.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of

cooling yin and hot yang to be healthy . 传统中医认为我们需要通过阴阳调和来保持健

康.

其中a balance of……平衡

keep a balance of保持一个……平衡

如keep a balance of nature保持自然（生态）平衡.

be healthy，keep healthy，stay healthy都是保持健康的意思.

healthy是个形容词，其名词形式为health .

9. on the other hand 另一方面.经常与on (the) one hand一起连用.表示一方面……另一方面…….

如：On one hand we should study hard , on the other hand we should keep heal thy .

我们一方面要努力学习，另一方面应该保持身体健康.

10 too much和too many都表示许多.

too much后接不可数名词，如water , money等. too many后接可数名词的复数，如students , flowers lives是名词life的复数形式.

11. It?s important to eat a balanced diet . 吃（营养）平衡的饮食是很重要

的. balanced在此处是形容词，表示“平衡的”.

It是形式主语，真正的主语是“to eat a balanced diet”，但因主语太长，为了句子平衡，将主语用it代替，这是it的又一功能.

12.I?m not feeling very well at the moment .

at the moment .1）用于现在时态中，意思为“此刻”，

如：I am busy at the moment . 我此刻很忙

2）用于过去时中，表示“当时”，如：I was busy at the moment . 我当时很忙