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Exercise for Unit 1

I. Mark the best answer to each question.

1 The full official name of Australia is

A. The Republic of Australia.

B. The Union of Australia.

C. The Federation of Australia.

D. The Commonwealth of Australia.逼我拿出那么多机回复2. Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPT

A. its mineral resources.

B. its heavy industries.

C. its forest resources.

D. its fertile and arable land.

3. In the United States community college offer

A. two-year programmes.

B. four-year programmes.

C. postgraduate studies.

D. B.A. or B.S. degrees.

4. In _D_____, referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish parliament and a Wales assembly.

A. 2000

B. 1946

C. 1990

D. 1997

5. Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration?C

A. A weak seat.

B. Knock and kick.

C. Safe and sound.

D. Coal and boat.

6. Who wrote Mrs. Warren’s profession?A

A. George Bernard Shaw.

B. William Butler Yeats.

C. John Galsworthy.

D. T.S. Eliot.

7. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n)D

A. autobiography.

B. short story.

C. poem.

D. novel.

8. Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme?C

A. Un lock.

B. Govern ment.

C. Go es.

D. Off-stage.

9. ___B_____is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to.

A. Collocation

B. Onomatopoeia

C. Denotation

D. Assimilation

10. The sentence “Close your book and listen to me carefully!” performs a(n) ____D___function.

A. interrogative

B. informative

C. performative

D. directive

31. 澳大利亚的全称是：the commonwealth of Austrilia

32. 加拿大以什么著称，除了什么以外（矿产、森林、肥沃的土地）。答案选the heavy industries. (此题有争议）

33. 美国社区大学一般提供two-year制课程（送分题啊，亲）

34. 1997年苏格兰、威尔斯全民公决各自有了自己的议会（坑爹题，有尼玛什么意义嘛？）

35. 哪一个是头韵法，答案：safe and sound

36 谁写的Mrs. Warren's Profession，答案是：George Bernard Shaw（我真不知道）

37 Sister Carrie是神马东东，答案：novel（送分题啊，亲）

38 下面哪一个斜体部分为曲折语素，答案goes里面的es （送分题啊，亲）

39 听其音，知其意是神马东东，答案：拟音Onomatopoeia（送分题啊，亲）

40 "关上课本，认真听我讲“起的啥作用，答案：directive（送分题啊，亲）

II. Reading comprehension

Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news,” noted

one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, the New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.

Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.

Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.

And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.

In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.

1. According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?

A. The emergence of big mass media firms.

B. The popularity of radio and television.

C. The increasing number of newspaper readers.

D. The appearance of advertising in newspapers.

2. Which of the following statements best supports “New, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house”?

A. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009.

B. People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.

C. More p eople are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.

D. Classified documents are published in their thousands online.

3. According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology?

A. Challenging the traditional media.

B. Planning the return to coffee-house news.

C. Providing people with access to classified files.

D. Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.

4. The author’s tone in the last parag raph towards new journalism is

A. doubtful and reserved.

B. supportive and skeptical.

C. optimistic and c autious.

D. ambiguous and cautious.

5. In “The coffee house is back”, coffee house best symbolizes

A. the pa rticipatory nature of news.

B. the more varied sources of news.

C. the changing characteristics of news audience.

D. the more diversified means of news distribution.

11、D

[解析] 根据题干中的coffee-house news及mass-media news定位到首段。本题询问引发咖啡馆新闻向大众传媒新闻转变的原因。首段前两句讲的是三百年前coffee-house news的传播模式，然后在第3句中说到在1833年情况发生了变化，when从句说明促使这一变化产生的是利用刊登广告来降低新闻成本(the use of advertising)，故D“广告在报纸上出现”是答案。细节推断题。本题的解题关键在于定位，准确定位后不难发现，文中的pioneered“开始，首创”与题干的initiated“开始”对应，D项内容与pioneered引出的内容相近，据此也可锁定答案。A中的big mass media firms和B中的radio and television在首段最后两句可以找到，但原文并未提及大型传媒公司何时出现，也没有提及广播电视的普及情况，故排除A、B；C“逐渐增加的报纸读者”出现在第2段末，但该句说的是2005至2009年间的情况，与题干无关，也可排除。

12、C

[解析] 根据题干中的引语及各选项内容定位到第2、3段。

题干引语出现在第2段首句，意为“如今，新闻业正向类似于传统的咖啡屋模式回归”。由第1段末可知coffee house模式是一种two-way

conversation“双向交流”，C出向第3段第2句“越来越多普通人开始参与编辑、分享、过滤、探讨和传播新闻”，正体现了这种双向的交流；且该句句首的Most strikingly也能与题干的best对应，因此选C。

例证分析题。本题可用排除法。四个选项都能在文中找到相应出处，但A“在2005年至2009年间，全球报纸发行量增长了6%”和题干提到的新闻业向传统coffee house模式回归是相悖的，可首先排除；B“西方世界的民众正放弃报纸和电视新闻”只说明他们放弃mass media 模式，没有说他们的转向，故排除；D“机密文件在网上大量发布”属于民众能够发布新闻(distributing news)的举例，并不能直接说明旧模式的回归。

13、B

[解析] 根据题干中的technology定位到第4段。

此题属于EXCEPT题型，适用排除法解题。第4段整段都在讲述科技带来的影响。第2、3句提到，社交网络的出现正是对传统媒体的挑战，与A对应；第6句提到维基解密之类的网站可公开机密信息，与C“让民众接触到机密文件”对应；第5句提到网络可让个人成为新闻的提供者，与D“给予普通民众提供新闻的机会”对应。信息科技的发展促使新闻业向coffee-house news回归，但这并非其原计划要做的事，故B不正确，为本题答案。EXCEPT类题常可用排除法解答，只要将各选项与文中细节一一对应即可，无法与原文对应或叙述本身与文意不符的即为答案。

14、C

[解析] 根据题干直接定位到最后一段。

该段多处出现表积极意义的词汇及短语，如celebrate，a good thing，much to celebrate，Enjoy it等，说明作者对新的新闻环境持乐观肯定的态度；而从倒数第三句的前半句“这场变革的确引起了人们的担忧”可看出，作者在乐观肯定的同时也是谨慎的，故选C。

观点态度题。A“保守、怀疑”完全是负面的态度，明显错误；B“支持、怀疑”，作者说“新闻业的变革是无法停止的，任何妄图扭转这一趋势的做法都将注定是失败的”，可见作者对新的新闻业信心满满，没有“质疑”，故排除

B；D“含糊、谨慎”中“谨慎”是对的，但作者本身观点并不含糊，故也排除。 15、A [解析] 根据题干引语定位到最后一段，同时需兼顾第1段的内容。

本题询问coffee house的象征意义。由原文可知，这是对旧新闻模式或环境(news environment)的指代，作者在首段末用 a two-way conversation概括其特点(与one-way broadcast“单向广播”形成鲜明对比)，强调民众对新闻的参与和沟通交流；最后一段第2句将这一环境形容为participatory and social,倒数第三句则用noisy“嘈杂的”、diverse “多样的”、

argumentative“好争论的”、alive“气氛活跃的”来形容新的新闻环境，这些都体现了民众对新闻的积极参与和讨论，据以上两点可确定本题答案为A“新闻的参与性”。

B“更为多样的新闻信息来源”和D“更多样的新闻传播途径”均在原文第3、14段有所提及，但这都是现代信息科技对新闻业带来的影响，并非coffee-house news模式的原有特点，故可一并排除；全文论述的重点放在新闻环境的变化，由最初的coffee house到mass media，到最新的网络新闻环境，新闻的传播模式随着环境的变化而变。在这个过程中，新闻受众经历了“参与”、“被动接受”到再次“参与”的变化。题目问的是coffee house的象征意义，而不是整个新闻发展史，C文不对题。

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