动词时态的讲解和练习(可编辑修改word版)
北京四中
撰稿老师：黄浩编审老师：蔡正礼责任编辑：丁华
动词时态的讲解和练习
一、中考对动词的知识要求
中考对动词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；
2、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过
去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）
3、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；
4、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；
5、掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will 的基本用法；
6、掌握情态动词can, must, need, may 等基本句型结构及主要用法；
7、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法；
8、了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法；
9、掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则；
10、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语的基本用法；
11、了解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。
二、动词考察点分项说明：
（一）掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；
1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：
2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成：
①规则动词的变化：
规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。
②不规则动词的变化。（略）
3、动词的现在分词的构成：
（二）掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）
1、一般现在时
①一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作，与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用；表示现在的事实或状态；表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。
②一般现在时的构成：
一般现在时通常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词原形后需加-s 或-es。
She likes biology very much. 她非常喜欢生物。They
often go to school by bike. 他们通常骑车上学。2、
一般过去时
①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago 等连用；表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作，这时可与频度
副词often, usually, always 等连用；表示过去发生的一连串动作，以及在时间和条件状语从
句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
②一般过去时的构成：一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。
We met each other on the street yesterday. 我们昨天在街上碰见了。
She often went swimming last year. 她去年经常去游泳。
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.
他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始吃饭。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
3、一般将来时
①一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon 等连用。
②一般将来时的构成：
1）一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。其中shall 主要用于主语是第一人称（I
和we）的疑问句中。
2）也可以用“be going to+动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情，或是打算、计划、以及决定要做某件事情等。
They will have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他们下周二将举行班会。
We shall meet at the school gate. 我们将在学校大门口见。
It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
4、现在进行时
①现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常与now, at present, at this moment 等连用；
或与these days, this week/month 等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与always, continually, forever 等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时，表达说话人强烈的
感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如：
He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。
②现在进行时的构成：
现在进行时由“be (am/is/are) +V-ing”构成。
They are watching TV now. 他们正在看电视。
The dog is enjoying his meal. 小狗正在吃饭。5、
过去进行时
①过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同，只不过参照的时间基准点不同。
过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in 等。
②过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似，只不过把be (am, is, are)变为过去式（was, were）
They were watching TV at that time. 他们那会正在看电视。
The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天这个时候正在吃饭。
6、现在完成时
①表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在，常与already, just, yet 等副词连用；或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常与for 或since 引导的一段时间状语连用。
②现在完成时由助动词“have/has+过去分词”构成。
He has already come back. 他已经回来了。
（三）掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；
常见的连系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall 等。它们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。
Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室的干净。
The bread looks very fresh. 这些面包看上去很新鲜。
（四）了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；
①过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相同，只是把will, shall 变为过去式would, should，把助动词be 的过去式变为过去式was 或were 而已。如：
They were going to have a meeting.他们曾打算开会。
②过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。与现在完成的用
法相同，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去
的过去”，常by, before 引导的时间状语连用。如：
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到爱迪生10 岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20 年了。
（五）掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will 的基本用法；
助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同
的时态，语态，和数的变化。
常见的助动词有：
（1）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去
分词结合构成被动语态。
I'm looking for my pen. 我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）
These cups are made in China. 这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）
（2）have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合，构成完成时。
They have known each other for twenty years.
他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）
He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.
他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）
（3）do (does, did) 助动词do 后只能跟动词原形，与not 及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置
于主语之前构成疑问句。
He does not speak English.他不说英语。When
did he come back? 他什么时候回来的？
（4）will (would), shall (should) will 能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would 是will 的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。
The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飞机十分钟后将要到达。
I was sure we would win. 我确信我们会赢。
shall 与should 这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall 只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should 是shall 的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。
We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。
I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。
三、链接中考
1.(2008·南京) —Did you see a girl in white pass by just now?
—No, sir. I a newspaper.
A.read
B. was reading
C. would read
D. am reading.
答案：B【解析】此题考查的是过去进行时态。根据题意：我在那个时候正在看报，是过去进行时。故选B。
2.(2008·河北) How's Annie? I her for a long time.
A.don't see
B. won't see
C. didn't see
D. haven't seen
答案：D【解析】此题考查的是现在完成时态。“for a long time”用于现在完成时态中，故选D。3.
（2008·杭州)Happiness in her grandfather's eyes every time he hears her voice.
A. shines
B. is shone
C. Has shone
D. was shone
答案：A 【解析】此题考查的是一般现在时。根据句意“每次听到他的声音，她的眼睛里闪
烁着幸福”，所以用一般现在时。故选A。
4. (2008·河南)
—Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhang's office.
—I'm afraid he his work yet.
A. doesn't finish
B. didn't finish
C. hasn't finished
D. won't finish
答案：C【解析】考查动词时态。本题出现了yet 通常用于现在完成时。我恐怕他也不能完成工作。故选C。
5.(2008·福建三明)The grand buildings in two years.
A. were built
B. are built
C. will be built
答案：C【解析】此题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态。“in +一段时间”用于一般将来时中，又句子的主语是物，所以用被动语态。故选C。
6.（2008·湖北咸宁)—Some of the plastic bags can't after June1.
—Yes, people will use environmental bags instead.
A. use
B. be use
C. be used
D. are used
答案：C【解析】此题考查的是含有情态动词的被动语态。根据句子的主语是物，可推知用被动语态，又句子中有情态动词can't, 故选C。
四、分类训练
Ⅰ、适当形式填空
现在进行时
1.Look! The bus （come）
2.—What are the students doing?
—They （watch）a basketball match on the playground.
3.Listen! Someone （cry）in the room.
4.Wei Fang is ill. She （stay）in bed now.
5.—What they （do）now?
—They （climb）the hill.
一般现在时
1.—Tom often（watch）TV on Saturday?
—Yes, he .
2.Li Fang （be）good at maths.
3.He usually （watch）TV in the evening.
4.My sister （not like）swimming.
5.They often （play）football after school.
一般将来时
1.I don't know whether Mother me to Beijing next month. （take）
2.I （write）to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
3.I don't think that it （rain）tomorrow.
4.They （build）a new bridge over the river next year.
5.The students （clean）their classroom tomorrow.
一般过去时
1.She on her coat and went out. （put）
2.When they （reach the station, the train had already left.
3.The story （happen）long ago.
4.He （not do）his homework last night.
5.The scientist （give）us a talk yesterday.
过去进行时
1.The twins （dig）a hole for a young tree at that time yesterday.
2.It （rain）outside then. He had to take the raincoat with him.
3.They （do）their lessons at eight yesterday evening.
4.Mr. Black （talk）with my mother when I saw him.
5.The children （watch）TV at seven last night.
6.His aunt （do）some cooking when he came in.
7.He （do）his homework at eight yesterday.
8.When his teacher came, he （talk）with his classmates.
9.It was twelve o'clock at night. Mr. Li still （work）in the tab.
10.he （do）his homework at eight last night?
11.He （mend）his motorbike when I saw him.
12.John and his sister （pick）apples in the garden when we went to visit them this morning.
13.Who knocked at the door when I （sleep）?
14.What you （do）from eight to ten yesterday morning?
15.He （lie）in bed when I came into the room.
现在完成时
1.Wei Fang isn't here. She （go）to the reading room.
2.Zhang Hong （make）many friends since she came to Paris.
3.She （work）in this factory for ten years.
4.They （not hear）from each other since 199
5.
5.—you （finish）your homework yet?
—No, not yet.
6.—Where is Jim?
—He （go）to Canada.
7.How long you （be）at this school?
8.I （have）breakfast already.
9.She （study）English for three years.
10.I never （see）such a wonderful match before.
参考答案：
现在进行时：
1. is coming
2. are watching
3. is crying
4. is staying
5. are doing, are climbing
一般现在时
1. Does, watch, does,
2. is
3. watches
4. doesn't like
5. play
一般将来时
1. will take
2. will write
3. will rain
4. will build
5. will clean
一般过去时
1. put
2. reached
3. happened
4. didn't do
5. gave
过去进行时
1. were digging
2. was raining
3. were doing
4. was talking
5. were watching
6. was doing
7. was doing 8. was talking 9. was, working
10. was, doing 11. was mending 12. were picking 13. was sleeping 14. were, doing 15. was lying
现在完成时
1. has gone
2. has made
3. has worked
4. haven't heard
5. have, finished
6. has gone
7. have, been 8. have had 9. has studied
10. have, seen
Ⅱ、单选选择
现在进行时
1.you your homework now?
A.Are, do
B. Do, do
C. Will, do
D. Are, doing
2.Look, they a good time.
A.has
B. have
C. are having
D. had
3.—I can't find my pen. Can I use yours?
—Sorry, I it now.
A.am using
B. was using
C. have used
D. used
4.—you to the radio?
—No, you can turn it off.
A.Did, listen
B. Have, listened
C. Do, listen
D. Are, listening
5.Look! Some children games on the playground.
A.is playing
B. are playing
C. are played
D. is going to play
6.Don't go out now. It hard.
A.will rain
B. is rains
C. is raining
D. raining
7.Don't make any noise. The teachers a meeting.
A.are having
B. is having
C. have
D. will have
8.I must go now. Li Lei for me at the school gate.
A.wait
B. waiting
C. is waiting
D. waits
9.It's eight o'clock. The students an English class.
A.have
B. having
C. is having
D. are having
10.Listen! Someone in the next room.
A.sings
B. is singing
C. are singing
D. is sing
一般现在时
1.Jim usually up at five.
A.get
B. got
C. is getting
D. gets
2.—he himself there?
—No, I don't think so.
A.Do, enjoy
B. Does, enjoies
C. Does, enjoys
D. Does, enjoy
3.He usually TV on Sunday evening.
A.watch
B. watches
C. watching
D. is watching
4.He often school on foot.
A.goes
B. go to
C. go
D. goes to
5.Mike TV twice a week.
A.watch
B. watches
C. watched
D. has watched
6.I'll go with you as soon as I my work.
A.will finish
B. finished
C. finish
D. would finish
7.He will do better in English if he harder.
A.will work
B. works
C. working
D. work
8.The supermarket is far from Lily's house. So she only once a week.
A.goes shopping
B. has been there
C. was shopping
D. has gone there
9.Ask him if he to the party. If he , let me know.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7611835662.html,es; comes
B. will come; comes
C. comes, will come
D. will come; will come
10.—What did the teacher say just now?
—He said that the earth round the sun.
A.go
B. goes
C. going
D. will go
11.She will have a holiday as soon as she the work next week.
A.finishes
B. doesn't finish
C. will finish
D. won't finish
12.your mother some cleaning on Sundays?
A.Does, does
B. Do, does
C. Does, do
D. Do, do
13.Tom to work hard to help his family? Yes, he .
A.Has, X, does
B. Has, X, does
C. Does, has, has
D. Does, have, does
14.Mr. Black often fishing on Sundays.
A.go
B. goes
C. don't go
D. isn't go
15.We don't go to play with snow if it tomorrow.
A.snow
B. snows
C. will snow
D. snowed
16.Neither I nor he French.
A.speak
B. doesn't speak
C. speaks
D. doesn't speak
17.your father usually go to work early every day?
A.Was
B. Were
C. Do
D. Does
18.you English every morning?
A.Are, read
B. Do, read
C. Does, read
D. Are, reading
19.I will give the note to him as soon as he back.
A.get
B. gets
C. got
D. will get
20.The students will go to the Great Wall if it tomorrow.
A.isn't rain
B. doesn't rain
C. don't rain
D. rain
一般将来时
1.They a basketball match next Sunday.
A.watch
B. will watch
C. watched
D. are watching
2.The Greens back in a week.
A.is
B. are
C. will be
D. was
3.There a party tonight.
A.will have
B. is going to be
C. is going to have
D. was going to be
4.Don't hurry! We can get to the bus station in time and we the early bus.
A.don't miss
B. can miss
C. will miss
D. won't miss
5.We a class meeting this November.
A.had
B. have
C. will have
D. are having
6.He in his garden every morning next year.
A.will work
B. works
C. worked
D. is working
7.Be careful. The train
A.will come
B. come
C. comes
D. is coming
8.Look at those clouds. It soon, I'm afraid.
A.is going to rain
B. is raining
C. will rain
D. won't rain
9.The radio says it the day after tomorrow.
A.is going to snow
B. is snowing
C. will snow
D. snows
10.he some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?
A.Will, does
B. Is, going to do
C. Is, doing
D. Shall, do
一般过去时
1.We a football match three weeks ago.
A.have
B. will have
C. had
D. are having
2.Our teacher English on the radio the day before yesterday.
A.teaches
B. taught
C. will teach
D. had taught
3.—you out for a walk after supper?
—Yes, I .
A.Did, went, went
B. Did, go, went
C. Did, went, did
D. Did, go, did
4. Tom and Jim in the classroom just now?
A. Was
B. Are
C. Were
D. Is
5.When I her in the hall, she was playing the piano.
A.see
B. saw
C. will see
D. am seeing
6.He turned off the lights and then the classroom.
A.leaves
B. will leave
C. is leaving
D. left
7.— a sports meeting last Sunday ? —Yes, they .
A.Did they have, did
B. Did they have, had
C. Had they, had
D. Had they, did
8.Mr. King China last year.
A.visit
B. visited C visits D. visiting
9.Our headmaster here a moment ago.
A.is
B. was
C. are
D. were
10.They the lost child last night.
A.finded
B. finds
C. found
D. find
过去进行时
1.I a letter at nine last night.
A.is writing
B. was writing
C. wrote
D. is writing
2.What you about when the teacher came into the classroom?
A.are, talking
B. are, talk
C. were, talk
D. were, talking
3.— I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
— Oh, I am sorry. I dinner at my friend's home.
A.have
B. had
C. was having
D. have had
4.Li Ping his bike at this time yesterday.
A.would mend
B. has mended
C. was mending
D. mended
5.“What you at noon yesterday?”
“I the clothes.”
A.were, doing, was washing
B.are, doing, was washing
C.did, do, am washing
D.do, do, washing
6.The teacher and writer doing morning exercises this time yesterday.
A.is
B. was
C. are
D. were
7.When we got to the small village at the foot of mountain, it hard.
A.is raining
B. rained
C. was raining
D. were raining
8.Mrs. Black with my mother when I saw her an hour ago.
A.talks
B. was talking
C. has talked
D. is talking
9.—What were you doing last night?
—I an interesting novel.
A.am looking
B. was looking
C. am reading
D. was reading
10.—What was Sasha doing when Misha knocked at the door?
—
A.Yes, he was cooking.
B. He is watching TV.
C. No, he isn't in.
D. He was writing a letter.
现在完成时
1.I in Beijing since 1956.
A.will live
B. live
C. have lived
D. lived
2.Mr. Li in Shanghai since he was born.
A.lived
B. lives
C. has lived
D. will live
3.—Where is Mr. Li? —He to London.
A.has gone
B. went
C. will go
D. go
4.He from Beijing for three years.
A.has been away
B. has gone
C. has left
D. has come
5.—Lucy, you your ticket?
—Not yet.
A.did; find
B. have; found
C. has; found
D. do; find
6.I the pen for two weeks.
A.have bought
B. have borrowed
C. have had
D. have lent
7.—How long have you the book? —For two weeks.
A.borrowed
B. kept
C. lent
D. bought
8.—How many times you to Beijing this year? —Three times.
A.have; been
B. had; been
9.I to Shanghai three times.
A.have gone
B. have been
C. went
D. go
10.Wang Hai his homework and now he is watching TV.
A.has finished
B. finished
C. will finish
D. finishes
11.The Green family London for nearly two years.
They all miss their hometown very much.
A.left
B. will leave
C. have left
D. have been away from
12.Her grandparents for ten years.
A.died
B. have died
C. were dead
D. have been dead
13.—How long have you the motorbike?
—For about two weeks.
A.bought
B. had
C. borrowed
D. lent
14.My uncle Beijing last week. He away for a week.
A.left, has left
B. will leave, has been
C. left, has been
D. left, was
15.—you ever to the United States?
—Yes, twice.
A.Have, gone
B. Have, been
16.—Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!
—Sorry, I it.
A.don't see
B. didn't see
C. haven't seen
D. won't see
17.The English teacher isn't here. She to the office.
A.has been
B. has gone
C. would go
D. went
18.“How long has Jim ?” “For about eight weeks.”
A.gone away
B. left home
C. been away
D. returned home
19.Mr. Brown many friends since he came to China.
A.has made
B. has make
C. makes
D. is going to make
20.“you a new dictionary?” “Not yet.”
A.Has, buy
B. Has, bought
C. Did, buy
D. Have, bought
参考答案：
现在进行时：1—5 DCADB 6—10 CACDB
一般现在时：1—5 DDBDB 6—10 CBABB 11—15 ACDBB 16—20 CDBBB 一般将来时：1—5 BCBDC 6—10 ADACB
一般过去时：1—5 CBDCB 6—10 DABBC
过去进行时：1—5 BDCCA 6—10 BCBDD
现在完成时：1—5 CCAAB 6—10 CBABA 11—15 DDBCB 16—20 CBCAD
Ⅲ、综合习题精选
1.His father any washing in the morning.
A.doesn't do
B. doesn't
C. doesn't does
D. doesn't does
2.I 1000 English words by the end of last term.
A.have learned
B. had learned
C. would learn
D. was learning
3.How long you the bicycle?
A.have…bought
B.have…had
C. did…buy
D. do…buy
4.My brother knows London very well. He there many times.
A.has been
B. has gone
C. was
D. went
5.The children want to know if Miss Green free tomorrow.
A.is
B. is going to
C. will
D. will be
6.Listen, the music nice.
A.sounds
B. is sounding
C. is sound
D. was sounding
7.He early every morning from now on.
A.gets up
B. does get up
C. does gets up
D. will get up
8.Our teacher told us that light faster than sound.
A.traveled
B. travels
C. was traveled
D. had traveled
9.Mr. Brown is not at home. He to the library.
A.has gone
B. has been
C. had been
D. had gone
10.He said he would go to the cinema with us if he free.
A.is
B. were
C. was
D. will be
11.Tom his homework after breakfast.