新版北师大版八年级下册Unit5 Memories单元练习
初中英语北师大版八年级下册Unit5 Memories单元练习
二、单项选择（共10小题；共10分）
21. What we did will the environment.
A. make a difference
B. take a difference
C. make a difference to
D. take a difference to
22. The train is crowded. It people.
A. filled with
B. full of
C. is filled with
D. is full with
23. --- We said to her, "They're walking through the street now."
--- We told her that through the street .
A. we were walking; then
B. you are walking; now
C. they were walking; then
D. they walking; now
24. My sister long hair, but now she wears short hair.
A. used to have
B. has
C. used to be
D. used to has
25. Miss Chen her husband six months ago.
A. married to
B. married
C. married with
D. got married
26. --- Bruce is too young, I think.
--- Don't worry. He will when you're out.
A. be taken good care of
B. take good care of
C. be taken good care
D. take good care
27. The traffic accident happened on Saturday. , no one was hurt.
A. Luck
B. Luckily
C. Lucky
D. Unlucky
28. This is my idea. I hope you can it.
A. think of
B. think over
C. think about
D. think up
29. He said, "Mother, the boy is very naughty." →He very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was
B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was
D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
30. --- "Helen, I will come this morning," John said.
--- John .
A. told Helen he will come this morning
B. said to Helen I would go that morning
C. said Helen he would come that morning
D. told Helen he would go that morning
三、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)（共10小题；共10分）
31. His idea often i his decisions.
32. --- Thank you for telling me the news.
--- Don't m it.
33. I'm a clerk in a bank. I c the money for other people every day.
34. It was such a p that I couldn't attend your wedding.
35. L , it didn't rain when I visited the farm.
36. Workers make all kinds of things with m .
37. I had a p in my head last night, but now I feel better.
38. His life is always f with hope and happiness.
39. They want to see the w place in the world, the Brazilian rainforest.
40. His family was too poor, so he had to live in a t cottage(茅屋).
四、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共10小题；共10分）
41. You can also share your (不悦) with your close friends.
42. This book has a great (影响) on the children.
43. Don't (提及) that. I've forgotten it.
44. I write to my mother every week, (主要地) on Sundays.
45. (幸运的是), I wasn't hurt badly.
46. They are good friends, not (敌人).
47. The old robots looked like big (机器).
48. Haikou is the (中心) city of Hainan Province.
49. Which (剧院) is the best?
50. In general, germs are so (微小的) that we can't see them with our eyes.
五、按要求转换句型（共5小题；共10分）
51. Mr. Wang told us, “We will have a long holiday.” (改写为间接引语)
Mr. Wang told us have a long holiday.
52. "You mustn't forget to put the stamp on or your friend will have to pay double postage(邮资)," he told me.
(把直接引语变为间接引语)
53. Betty said, "She's an excellent musician." (把直接引语变为间接引语)
Betty said that an excellent musician.
54. "I will go shopping with Tina." The girl said. (把直接引语变为间接引语)
The girl said go shopping with Tina.
55. He said, "If what you said is true I must go to the police." (把直接引语变为间接引语)
六、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5小题；共10分）
56. 爸爸过去常常酗酒，但现在戒掉了。(词数不限)
Dad too much, but he has stopped it now.
57. 我答应有空的时候一定到他家拜访。
I promised him that I would when I was free.
58. He (跑到……里) the room in a hurry and looked for something here and there.
59. 几千人来参加了这个音乐会。
people came to the concert.
60. 我们可每天在园里工作并照料好它。
We can work in it and it.
七、完形填空（共10小题；共15分）
A British person who saved thousands of Jews from the Nazis(纳粹) is being remembered with a plaque(匾) being placed in Berlin.
Frank Foley worked as a passport control 61 in Berlin in the 1930s. And he used his 62 to provide papers for Jewish people to escape from Germany.
It is believed Mr. Foley saved almost ten 63 lives, even hiding people in his 64 home. And Foreign Secretary Jack Straw 65 him as "a true British hero".
Mr. Foley was a small, slightly overweight man 66 round glasses. But he was actually Britain's top spy in the city.
Michael Smith of the Daily Telegraph, 67 wrote a book about him, said that although it is not known exactly 68 lives Mr. Foley saved, the materials would suggest the number was about 10 thousand.
He said, "There were 1,400 people 69 in a factory in Schindler with him. They worked closely together. Their lives were together.""So when they moved to Palestine, which later became Israel.They are all talking to their friends, they are still on the phone to 70 even if they are not living in Israel—they have the same memory of what Schindler did.
61. A. Officer B. teacher C. student D. doctor
62. A. phone B. pen C. position D. book
63. A. thousands B. thousands of C. thousand D. thousand of
64. A. own B. easy C. real D. comfortable
65. A. said B. spoke C. told D. described
66. A. with B. on C. across D. around
67. A. which B. where C. which D. who
68. A. how old B. how much C. how many D. how often
69. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work
70. A. other B. the other C. each other D. another
八、阅读理解（共16小题；共32分）
A
There is a small town in the northwest of Chicago, America. The other day the town's education department held a large photo exhibition for an unknown woman teacher called Louis. She is in her forties now. She has taught in a primary school in this town since 1991. She is an ordinary woman. She used to lose her job, she sometimes quarreled with her husband because of lacking(缺乏) money. Why was there a photo exhibition for her?
Louis has a daughter named Jenny. When Jenny came to the world, Louis took the first photo of her. Then she takes photos of Jenny everyday. She wrote the date and main ideas on each photo.
Louis kept on taking photos of her daughter. When Jenny was 20 years old, Louis had taken 7,300 photos of her daughter. The photo exhibition showed all the photos. Everyone was very surprised to see so many photos. Over 2,800 reporters from the USA came to see the great mother and the photos. And this made a new photo record in the USA. "Why do you take so many photos?" a reporter asked.
"Because my daughter is new everyday," answered Louis.
71. Louis is a(n) .
A. author
B. photographer
C. worker
D. teacher
72. Jenny is Louis' .
A. mother
B. daughter
C. student
D. friend
73. What did Louis do in the photo exhibition?
A. She took some photos.
B. She showed lots of photos of her daughter.
C. She bought more than 7,300 photos.
D. She made lots of friends.
74. How often does Louis take photos of Jenny?
A. Every day.
B. Every week.
C. Every month.
D. Every year.
B
I had a very special teacher in high school many years ago. Her husband died of a heart attack. About a week after his death, she shared some of her insights with us.
The class was nearly over. She said, "Before class is over, I would like to share with all of you an important thought." "Each of us is put here on Earth to learn, share, love, appreciate and give of ourselves. We must make the most out of every single day."
Her eyes began to water and she went on, "So I would like you all to make me a promise. From now on, on your way to school, or on your way home, find something beautiful to notice. It doesn't have to be something you see—It could be a good smell or the sound of the gentle wind."
"Please look for these things, and cherish them. They are what is in life. We must pay attention to noticing them, for at any time it can all be taken away."
Every once in a while, I think of that teacher and try to appreciate all of those things that sometimes we don't notice.
Take notice of something special you see on your lunch hour today. Walk along the beach at sunset. For as we get older, it is not the things we did that we regret, but the things we didn't do.
75. In the author's eyes, the high school teacher was .
A. special
B. weak
C. happy
D. strict
76. The word "insight" in the first paragraph means .
A. promise
B. thought
C. love
D. thing
77. The author's teacher did NOT suggest .
A. making the most out of every single day
B. finding something beautiful to notice
C. cherishing even very little things
D. regretting anything that we did
78. The best title for the story is .
A. My High School Days
B. Making a Promise
C. My Insights of Life
D. My Special Teacher
C
The eagle has the longest life of its group. It can reach up to 70 years. But to reach this age, the eagle must make a hard and painful decision.
When an eagle reaches near 40, its short sharp beak becomes bent(弯曲的). Its long and once flexible(灵活的) talons can no longer catch animals or birds for food. And its old and heavy wings with thick feathers on its body make it difficult to fly. Then, the eagle has only two choices: to die or to go through a painful time of change which needs five months.
When the eagle feels weak and is about to die, it goes to a place far away on the top of a mountain and sits on a nest. For a new life, the eagle knocks its beak against a rock until it pulls its beak out. After pulling it out, the eagle waits for a new beak to grow. And then it pulls out its talons and old feathers. It takes the eagle five months to complete its change and get a new life. We can call it its rebirth. So it can live for 30 more years.
Like the eagle, we human beings sometimes need to make some change to get out of our difficulty. In miserable condition, we have to change our ways of life. The changing may be very painful. But sometimes we have to throw off our old habits, memories and traditions. We can't go on with all our past burdens(重负).
79. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. When an eagle reaches near 40, its short sharp beak is still straight.
B. For a new life, the eagle knocks its talons against a rock.
C. If the eagle doesn't change itself, it will have a new life.
D. The writer's idea is that we can't go on with all our past burdens.
80. The underlined word "miserable" here probably means " ".
A. terrible
B. good
C. lonely
D. lucky
81. The best title for the passage can be " ".
A. The Death of the Eagle
B. The Living Period of the Eagle
C. A Good and Easy Decision
D. Rebirth of the Eagle
D
The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago. There are some traditions that you can find almost anywhere, anytime, such as sending birthday cards, blowing out the candles on a birthday cake and singing the "Happy Birthday" song. Others are only found for certain ages and in certain countries.
In China, on a child's second birthday, family members put many things on the floor around the child. According to Chinese tradition, the first thing that the child picks up tells you what profession the child will choose later in life.
For Japanese children, the third, fifth and seventh birthdays are especially important. At this age, there is a special celebration Shichi-Go-San (seven, five, three in Japanese) when children go to the temple wearing a new kimono(和服). The priest(僧侣) gives them special sweets, and the parents usually organize a party for their friends in their home.
In Argentina, Mexico and several other Latin American countries, girls have a special birthday celebration when they reach the age of fifteen. After a special ceremony(仪式), the girls dance a waltz with their father and other boys.
Eighteen is the traditional "coming of age"—the age when (in many countries) you have the right to vote(选举), join the army and (in Britain) drink alcohol or buy a house.
In many English-speaking countries, a twenty-first birthday cake often has a key on top, or the cake itself is sometimes in the shape of a key. The key means that the young person is now old enough to leave and enter the family home at any time they want to!
82. Which of the following birthday traditions can be found almost anywhere, anytime?
A. Putting many things on the floor.
B. Wearing a new kimono.
C. Sending birthday cards.
83. The usually organize a party at children's special birthday celebration in Japan.
A. priests
B. parents
C. friends
84. Mexican girls have special birthday celebration at the age of .
A. eighteen
B. seven
C. fifteen
85. In many countries you can when you reach the age of eighteen.
A. join the army
B. have a key
C. have a special ceremony
86. Which is the best title of this passage?
A. Birthday Traditions around the World
B. Chinese Birthday Celebrations
C. Japanese Special Celebration
九、短文7选5(5选5等)（共4小题；共8分）
Ways to Increase Your Confidence
There are some ways you can use to increase your self-confidence. Some of them you'll need to practice a lot before they start to work. It's like playing the guitar or soccer. They might not work too well the first or second time you try them. But as you do them, you build a deeper confidence in yourself.
87.
Exercise will improve your confidence and your way of looking at life. Plus, being healthy and looking better can also help you feel more confident.
Create something.
Everyone is a creative(有创造力的) person. Rediscovering your creativity is a good way to improve your confidence in yourself. Creating something is a wonderful but not always easy experience. But when you're done, you not only feel good about yourself. 88.
Use your body.
If you start to walk fast you'll soon start to feel nervous. If you start to walk slower you'll soon start to feel more relaxed. To feel more confident, use your body in a more confident way. 89. Learn how confident people around you or on the TV use their bodies.
Compare yourself to yourself.
This will take away a lot of unnecessary pain in your life. 90. Compare yourself to yourself. Improve yourself and see how you grow and become a more successful, more confident and happier person.
A. Take exercise.
B. Take it into the future.
C. Walk, sit, stand and move in a more confident way.
D. Sometimes you will also discover new parts of yourself.
E. Pay attention to yourself, not the other people around you.
十、阅读与表达(问答式)（共5小题；共10分）
Is it difficult for you to remember things? I'd like to tell you some ways to improve your memory, so you shouldn't feel upset.
My first advice is that if you want to remember something well, you have to review it regularly(有规律地). You might review the material two days after you learn it, then a week later, then two weeks later, and then a month later. After a month you will find that you can easily remember the material.
My second advice is to use a colored pen to highlight(标注) the important parts on your book. This will help you in two days. First, it will help you pay attention to the most important parts when you learn the language. It is always easier to remember only the key points. Second, this will make reviewing easier. When you open your book, the colored parts will show you the most important things quickly. In this way, you don't have to review all the material again.
Another piece of advice is to use the proper time well. First, review all the information in your mind right before you go to sleep. Your brain is working while you are sleeping. If you think about the information before you go to sleep, you might be able to remember it better. Another good time for memorizing information is in the morning because you have just rested and your brain is fresh and clear. So you might also try to review the important information in the morning.
根据短文内容，完成下列小题。
91. How long may it take you to remember the material easily if you review it regularly?
92. Is it easier to use a colored pen to help remember the key points?
93. What is the good time to review information?
94. How many pieces of advice does the writer give?
95. What is the passage mainly about?
答案
二、单项选择
21. C 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. D
三、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)
31. influences 32. mention 33. count 34. pity 35. Luckily
36. machines 37. pain 38. filled 39. wettest 40. tiny
四、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)
41. unhappiness 42. influence 43. mention
44. mostly 45. Luckily 46. enemies
47. machines 48. central 49. theater
50. tiny
五、按要求转换句型
51. they would
52. He told me that I mustn't forget to put the stamp on or my friend would have to pay double postage.
53. she was 54. she would
55. He told me if what I had said was true he must go to the police.
六、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)
56. used to drink 57. come round 58. ran into
59. Thousands of 60. daily, take good care of
七、完形填空
61. A 62. C 63. C 64. A 65. D 66. A 67. D 68. C 69. B 70. C
八、阅读理解
71. D 72. B 73. B 74. A 75. A 76. B 77. D 78. D 79. D 80. A
81. D 82. C 83. B 84. C 85. A 86. A
九、短文7选5(5选5等)
87. A 88. D 89. C 90. E
十、阅读与表达(问答式)
91. For a month. 92. Yes, it is. 93. In the morning.
94. Three. 95. How to improve your memory.
北师大版初二数学下知识点
第一章 一元一次不等式和一元一次不等式组 一. 不等关系 ※1. 一般地,用符号“<”(或“≤”), “>”(或“≥”)连接的式子叫做不等式. ¤2. 要区别方程与不等式: 方程表示的是相等的关系;不等式表示的是不相等的关系. ※3. 准确“翻译”不等式,正确理解“非负数”、“不小于”等数学术语. 非负数 <===> 大于等于0(≥0) <===> 0和正数 <===> 不小于0 非正数 <===> 小于等于0(≤0) <===> 0和负数 <===> 不大于0 二. 不等式的基本性质 ※1. 掌握不等式的基本性质,并会灵活运用: (1) 不等式的两边加上(或减去)同一个整式,不等号的方向不变,即: 如果a>b,那么a+c>b+c, a-c>b-c. (2) 不等式的两边都乘以(或除以)同一个正数,不等号的方向不变,即 如果a>b,并且c>0,那么ac>bc, c b c a >. (3) 不等式的两边都乘以(或除以)同一个负数,不等号的方向改变,即: 如果a>b,并且c<0,那么ac
北师大八年级下册数学知识点
北师大版八年级下册数学考试知识点 第一章 三角形的证明 一、全等三角形的判定及性质 ※1性质：全等三角形对应 角 相等、对应 边 相等 ※2判定：①判定一般三角形全等：（SSS 、SAS 、ASA 、AAS ）. ②判定直角三角形全等独有的方法：有斜边和一条直角边对应相等的两个直角三角形全等，即HL 二. 等腰三角形 ※1. 性质：等腰三角形的两个底角相等（等边对等角）. ※2. 判定：有两个角相等的三角形是等腰三角形（等角对等边）． ※3. 推论：等腰三角形 顶角平分线 、 底边中线 、 底边上的高 互相重 合（即“ 三线合一 ”）． ※4. 等边三角形的性质及判定定理 性质定理：等边三角形的三个角都相等，并且每个角都等于 60° ；等边三角形是轴对称 图形，有 3 条对称轴. 判定定理：(1)有一个角是60°的等腰三角形是等边三角形； (2)三个角都相等的三角形是等边三角形. 三.直角三角形 ※1. 勾股定理及其逆定理 如果三角形的三边长a 、b 、c 满足关系22b a =2 c ，那么这个三角 形是直角三角形 （勾股定理的逆定理）（满足的三个正整数，称为勾股数：，常见的勾股数有：
（1）3，4，5； （2）5，12，13；（3）6，8，10；（4）8，15，17 （5）7，24，25 （6）9, 40, 41 ※2.含30°的直角三角形的边的性质 定理：在直角三角形中，如果一个锐角等于30°，那么它所对应的直角边等于斜边的一半. ※3.直角三角形斜边上的中线等于斜边的一半。 要点诠释：①勾股定理的逆定理在语言叙述的时候一定要注意，不能说成“两条边的平方和等于斜边的平方”，应该说成“三角形两边的平方和 等于第三边的平方”． ②直角三角形的全等判定方法，HL还有SSS,SAS,ASA,AAS,一共有5种判定 方法． 四. 线段的垂直平分线 ※1. 线段垂直平分线的性质及判定 性质：线段垂直平分线上的点到线段两端点的距离相等. 判定：到一条线段两个端点距离相等的点在这条线段的垂直平分线上 . ※2.三角形三边的垂直平分线的性质 三角形三条边的垂直平分线相交于一点，并且这一点到三个顶点的距离相等. 五. 角平分线 ※1. 角平分线的性质及判定定理 性质：角平分线上的点到角两边的距离相等； 判定：在一个角的内部，且到角的两边的距离相等的点，在这个角的平
新北师大版八年级数学下册单元知识点总结
北师大版八年级数学下册各章知识要点总结 第一章三角形的证明 一、全等三角形判定、性质： 1.判定(SSS) （SAS) (ASA) (AAS) （HL直角三角形） 2.全等三角形的对应边相等、对应角相等。 二、等腰三角形的性质: 定理：等腰三角形有两边相等；(定义) 定理：等腰三角形的两个底角相等（简写成“等边对等角”）。 推论1：等腰三角形顶角的平分线、底边上的中线及底边上的高线互相重合。（三线合一） 推论2：等边三角形的各角都相等，并且每一个角都等于60°。 等腰三角形是以底边的垂直平分线为对称轴的轴对称图形； 三、等腰三角形的判定: 1. 有关的定理及其推论 : 定理：有两个角相等的三角形是等腰三角形（简写成“等角对等边”。） 推论1：三个角都相等的三角形是等边三角形。 推论2：有一个角等于60°的等腰三角形是等边三角形。 2. 反证法：先假设命题的结论不成立，然后推导出与定义、基本事实、已有定理或已知条件相矛盾的结果，从而证明命题的结论一定成立。这种证明方法称为反证法 四、直角三角形 1、直角三角形的性质 直角三角形的两锐角互余 直角三角形两条直角边的平方和等于斜边的平方； 在直角三角形中，如果一个锐角等于30°，那么它所对的直角边等于斜边的一半； 在直角三角形中，斜边上的中线等于斜边的一半。 2、直角三角形判定 如果三角形两边的平方和等于第三边的平方，那么这个三角形是直角三角形； 3、互逆命题、互逆定理 在两个命题中，如果一个命题的条件和结论分别是另一个命题的结论和条件，那么这两个命题称为互逆命
题，其中一个命题称为另一个命题的逆命题. 如果一个定理的逆命题经过证明是真命题，那么它也是一个定理，这两个定理称为互逆定理，其中一个定 理称为另一个定理的逆定理. 五、线段的垂直平分线、角平分线 : 1、线段的垂直平分线。 性质：线段垂直平分线上的点到这条线段两个端点的距离相等； 三角形三条边的垂直平分线相交于一点，并且这一点到三个顶点的距离相等。（外心） 判定：到一条线段两个端点距离相等的点，在这条线段的垂直平分线上。 2、角平分线。 性质：角平分线上的点到这个角的两边的距离相等。 三角形三条角平分线相交于一点，并且这一点到三条边的距离相等。（内心） 判定：在一个角的内部，且到角的两边距离相等的点，在这个角的平分线上。 第二章 一元一次不等式和一元一次不等式组 1.定义：一般地，用符号“＜”（或“≤”）,“＞”（或“≥”）连接的式子叫做不等式。 2.基本性质：性质1：.不等式的两边都加（或减）同一个整式，不等号的方向不变. 如果a>b,那么 a+c>b+c, a-c>b-c.（注：移项要变号，但不等号不变） 性质2：不等式的两边都乘（或除以）同一个正数，不等号的方向不变. 如果a>b,并且c>0,那么ac>bc, c b c a >. 性质3：不等式的两边都乘（或除以）同一个负数，不等号的方向改变. 如果a>b,并且c<0,那么ac
北师大版八年级英语下知识要点
北师大版八年级英语下 知识要点 Document serial number【LGGKGB-LGG98YT-LGGT8CB-LGUT-
八年级下units 1-10知识点 Unit 1 Will people have robots 1. see sb. do sth. 看见sb.做某事（的全过程）;see sb. doing sth. 看见sb.正在做某事（片断） 2.没有具体的数目用“hundreds of+名词（复数）”表示“数以百计的” 有具体的数目时，用“基数词+hundred+名词（复数）”，hundred后不能有s，也不能用介词 of。（类似的词还有thousands of; millions of） 3.一段时间 + from now （从现在起）…之后; from now on = in the future 今后 eg. twenty years from now 今后20年 4. 肯定句：I think (that)…. 否定句： I don’t think (that)…. 一般疑问句：Do you think …特殊疑问句：What do you think….. 5. study at home on computer 辨析：on，in和with. on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等； in：使用语言文字等媒介； with：借助具体的手段或工具。 Eg. I don’t want to talk about it on the phone. Can you speak it in English Don’t write it with a red pen. 3. Will people use money in 100 years “in+时间”结构常与一般将来时连用，对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词how soon. 4. before 可用于任何时态 ago 与过去时连用 5. fewer people 更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定） less free time 更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定） 6. in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）
北师大版2020年八年级上学期英语开学考试试卷D卷
北师大版2020年八年级上学期英语开学考试试卷D卷 一、单项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) (共10题；共10分) 1. （1分）—What does she look like? A . She is very friendly B . She is tall and thin C . She likes dancing 2. （1分）—Do you know __________ boy over there? —Yes. He likes playing ________ basketball very much. A . the;/ B . a; the C . a; / 3. （1分）—______is your ruler? —It's in my pencil box. A . What B . How C . Who D . Where 4. （1分）—there lots of bread in the fridge? —Sorry, we don't have any. A . Is B . Are C . Has D . Do 5. （1分）The honor belongs _____ all the members of our team. A . by B . of C . at D . to 6. （1分）— I am going on a trip to England.
—________. A . Enjoy yourself B . It's nice of you C . That's all right D . OK 7. （1分）—Excuse me! ______ can I get to the bus station? —The bus station? Oh, you can take a No. 2 Bus from here. Get off at Haining Building Stop. The bus station is next to a big supermarket. A . Where B . How C . Why D . What 8. （1分）—My English isn't good. — You can ask the teacher ________ help. A . in B . for C . of D . at 9. （1分）I think joining the English club ________ the best way to improve your English. A . are B . was C . is D . were 10. （1分）Tony is ____ late for class. And he is always the first one to school. A . always B . usually C . sometimes D . never 二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) (共1题；共10分)
最新北师大版八年级下册数学期末试题
八年级数学 一.选择题 1. 下列从左边到右边的变形，是因式分解的是（ ） A.322842(42)m n mn mn m n +=+ B.))((2 233n mn m n m n m ++-=- C.)1)(3()3)(1(+--=-+y y y y D.z yz z y z z y yz +-=+-)2(2242 2. 若a ＞b ，则下列式子正确的是（ ） A.a －4＞b －3 B.12a ＜1 2 b C.3+2a ＞3+2b D.—3a ＞—3b 3. 若分式4 24 2--x x 的值为零，则x 等于（ ） A.2 B.-2 C.±2 D.0 4. 如图，在□ABCD 中，已知AD ＝5cm ，AB ＝3cm ，AE 平分 ∠BAD 交BC 边于点E ，则EC 等于（ ） A.1.5cm B. 2cm C. 2.5cm D. 3cm 5. 如下是一种电子计分牌呈现的数字图形，其中既是轴对称图形又是中心对称 图形的是（ ） 6. 如图所示，将矩形ABCD 纸对折，设折痕为MN ，再把B 点叠在折痕线MN 上，（如图点B’） AE 的长为（ ） C. 2 7. 在平面直角坐标系内，点P(3-m ,5-m )在第三象限，则m 的取值范围是( ) A.5 北师大新版八年级下册 数学知识点 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】 北师大版八年级下册数学考试知识点 第一章 三角形的证明 一、全等三角形的判定及性质 ※1性质：全等三角形对应 角 相等、对应 边 相等 ※2判定：①判定一般三角形全等：（SSS 、SAS 、ASA 、AAS ）. ②判定直角三角形全等独有的方法：有斜边和一条直角边对应相等的两个直角三角形全等，即HL 二. 等腰三角形 ※1. 性质：等腰三角形的两个底角相等（等边对等角）. ※2. 判定：有两个角相等的三角形是等腰三角形（等角对等边）． ※3. 推论：等腰三角形 顶角平分线 、 底边中线 、 底边上的高 互相重合 （即“ 三线合一 ”）． ※4. 等边三角形的性质及判定定理 性质定理：等边三角形的三个角都相等，并且每个角都等于 60° ；等边三角形是轴对称 图形，有 3 条对称轴. 判定定理：(1)有一个角是60°的等腰三角形是等边三角形； (2)三个角都相等的三角形是等边三角形. 三.直角三角形 ※1. 勾股定理及其逆定理 如果三角形的三边长a 、b 、c 满足关系22b a =2 c ，那么这个三角形 是直角三角形 （勾股定理的逆定理）（满足的三个正整数，称为勾股数：，常见的勾股数有：（1）3，4，5； （2）5，12，13；（3）6，8，10；（4）8，15，17 （5）7，24，25 （6）9, 40, 41 ※2.含30°的直角三角形的边的性质 定理：在直角三角形中，如果一个锐角等于30°，那么它所对应的直角边 等于斜边的一半. ※3.直角三角形斜边上的中线等于斜边的一半。 要点诠释：①勾股定理的逆定理在语言叙述的时候一定要注意，不能说成“两条边的平方和等于斜边的平方”，应该说成“三角形两边的平方和等于第 三边的平方”． ②直角三角形的全等判定方法，HL还有SSS,SAS,ASA,AAS,一共有5种判定方 法． 四. 线段的垂直平分线 ※1. 线段垂直平分线的性质及判定 性质：线段垂直平分线上的点到线段两端点的距离相等. 判定：到一条线段两个端点距离相等的点在这条线段的垂直平分线 上 . ※2.三角形三边的垂直平分线的性质 三角形三条边的垂直平分线相交于一点，并且这一点到三个顶点的距离相等. 五. 角平分线 ※1. 角平分线的性质及判定定理 性质：角平分线上的点到角两边的距离相等； 判定：在一个角的内部，且到角的两边的距离相等的点，在这个角的平分线上. 八年级下units 1-10知识点 Unit 1 Will people have robots? 1. see sb. do sth. 看见sb.做某事（的全过程）;see sb. doing sth. 看见sb.正在做某事（片断） 2.没有具体的数目用“hundreds of+名词（复数）”表示“数以百计的” 有具体的数目时，用“基数词+hundred+名词（复数）”，hundred后不能有s，也不能用介词 of。（类似的词还有thousands of; millions of） 3.一段时间 + from now （从现在起）…之后; from now on = in the future 今后 eg. twenty years from now 今后20年 4. 肯定句：I think (that)…. 否定句： I don’t think (that)…. 一般疑问句：Do you think …? 特殊疑问句：What do you think…..? 5. study at home on computer 辨析：on，in和with. on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等； in：使用语言文字等媒介； with：借助具体的手段或工具。 Eg. I don’t want to talk about it on the phone. Can you speak it in English? Don’t write it with a red pen. 3. Will people use money in 100 years? “in+时间”结构常与一般将来时连用，对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词how soon. 4. before 可用于任何时态 ago 与过去时连用 5. fewer people 更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定） less free time 更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定） 6. in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon） 7. live alone 单独居住；feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等） The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely。 8. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪。 9. no more=not …anymore 不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生） no longer=not… any longer 不再（强调状态不再发生） 10.besides（除…之外还，包括）；except =but（除…之外，不包括） 11.be able to=can 能、会 （be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中； 12.have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态。 例如：1）I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can） 2） had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must） 13. over and over again 一次又一次 be in different shapes 形状不同 14. 形容词最高级表示“最。。。之一”时，可用“ one of the + 最高级+复数名词” 15.一般将来时的三种基本结构： ⑴ will +V. ⑵ be going to +V. ⑶ be + Ving 一般将来时的时间状语：in + 时间，in the future，next + 时间， 与tomorrow 相关的时间，this + 时间，from now on，right now，some day… 16. 比较be going to 与will: 八年级数学下册教学 工作计划 本学期我继续担任八年级（2）班的数学教育教学工作。为了更好地完成教育教学任务，现就本学期的教育教学计划制定如下：一、学生情况分析 上学期期末考试的成绩总体来看，成绩不太理想。在学生所学知识的掌握程度上，大部分学生能够透彻理解知识，知识间的内在联系也较为清楚，但个别学生连简单的基础知识还不能有效的掌握，成绩较差。在学习能力上，一些学生课外主动获取知识的能力较差，向深处学习知识的能力没有得到培养，学生的逻辑推理、逻辑思维能力，计算能力需要进一步加强，以提升学生的整体成绩；在学习态度上，绝大部分学生上课能全神贯注，积极的投入到学习中去。 二、本学期教学内容分析 本学期教学内容共计六章，第一章《三角形的证明》本章将证明与等腰三角形和直角三角形的性质及判定有关的一些结论，证明线段垂直平分线和角平分线的有关性质，将研究直角三角形全等的判定，进一步体会证明的必要性。第二章《一元一次不等式和一元一次不等式组》本章通过具体实例建立不等式，探索不等式的基本性质，了解一般不等式的解、解集、解集在数轴上的表示，一元一次不等式的解法及应用；通过具体实例渗透一元一次不等式、一元一次方程和一次函数的内在联系．最后研究一元一次不等式组的解集和应用．第三章《图形的平移与旋转》本章将在小学学习的基础上进一步认识平 面图形的平移与旋转，探索平移，旋转的性质，认识并欣赏平移，中心对称在自然界和现实生活中的应用。第四章《分解因式》本章通过具体实例分析分解因式与整式的乘法之间的关系揭示分解因式的实质，最后学习分解因式的几种基本方法。第五章《分式与分式方程》本章通过分数的有关性质的回顾建立了分式的概念、性质和运算法则，并在此基础上学习分式的化简求值、解分式方程及列分式方程解应用题，能解决简单的实际应用问题。第六章《平行四边形》本章将研究平行四边形的性质与判定，以及三角形中位线的性质，还将探索多边形的内角和，外角和的规律；经历操作，实验等几何发现之旅，享受证明之美。 三、本学期教学内容目的要求，重难点 第一章主要让学生经历证明等腰三角形和直角三角形的图形性质与判定的过程，进一步发展推理能力；第二章主要让学生经历探索发现不等关系，进一步体会模型思想，体会不等式，函数，方程之间的联系；第三章主要让学生经历平移与旋转的认识及应用的过程，发展空间观念，增强观察，归纳，抽象，概括等能力；第四章主要让学生体会因式分解的意义，体会因式分解与整式乘法间的联系与区别；第五章主要让学生了解分式的概念，探索分式的基本性质，能用分式方程解决简单的实际问题，体会模型思想；第六章主要让学生探索并证明平行四边形的有关性质与判定及多边形的内角和，外角和公式，积累数学活动经验，发展推理能力。 重点：（１）掌握等腰三角形和直角三角形的性质与判定，能证 八年级下册数学各章节知识点总结 第一章一元一次不等式和一元一次 不等式组 一. 不等关系 1. 一般地,用符号“<”(或“≤”), “>”(或“≥”)连接的式子叫做不等式. 2.区别方程与不等式：方程表示是相等的关系，不等式表示是不相等的关系。 3.准确“翻译”不等式,正确理解“非负数”、“不小于”等数学术语. 非 负数<===> 大于等于0(≥0)<===> 0 和正数<===> 不小于0 非正数<===> 小于等于0(≤0)<===> 0 和负数<===> 不大于0 二. 不等式的基本性质 1.掌握不等式的基本性质,并会灵活运用: (1)不等式的两边加上(或减去)同一个整式,不等号的方向不变,即: 如果 a>b,那么 a+c>b+c, a-c>b-c. (2)不等式的两边都乘以(或除以)同一个正数,不等号的方向不变,即 如果 a>b,并且 c>0,那么 ac>bc, a >b . c c (3)不等式的两边都乘以(或除以)同一个负数,不等号的方向改变,即: 如果 a>b,并且 c<0,那么 ac 第一章三角形的证明 【单元分析】 本章是八年级上册第七章《平行线的证明》的继续，在“平等线的证明”一章中，我们给出了8 条基本事实，并从其中的几条基本事实出发证明了有关平行线的一些结论。运用这些基本事实和已经学习过的定理，我们还可以证明有关三角形的一些结论。 在这之前，学生已经对图形的性质及其相互关系进行了大量的探索，探索的同时也经历过一些简单的推理过程，已经具备了一定的推理能力，树立了初步的推理意识，从而为本章进一步严格证明三角形有关定理打下了基础。 【单元目标】 1.知识与技能 （1）等腰三角形的性质和判定定理； （2）直角三角形的性质定理和判定定理； 2.过程与方法 （1）会运用等腰三角形的性质和判定定理解决相关问题； （2）直角三角形的性质定理和判定定理解决简单的实际问题； 3.情感态度与价值观 （1）经历由情景引出问题，探索掌握有关数学知识，再运用于实践的过程，培养学数学、用数学的意识与能力； （2）感受数学文化的价值和中国传统数学的成就，激发学生热爱祖国与热爱祖国悠久文化的思想感情。 【单元重点】 在证明过程中，进一步感受证明过程，掌握推理证明的基本要求，明确条件和结论，能够借助数学符号语言利用综合法证明等腰三角形的性质定理和判定定理。 【单元难点】 明确推理证明的基本要求如明确条件和结论，能否用数学语言正确表达等。 【教学思路】 1.对于已有命题的证明，教学过程中要注意引导学生回忆过去的探索、说理过程，从中获取严格证明的思路；对于新增命题，教学过程中要重视学生的探索、证明过程，关注该命题与其他已有命题之间的关系；对于整章的命题，注意关注将这些命题纳入一个命题系统，关注命题之间的关系，从而形成对相关图形整体的认识。 2.对于证明的方法，除了注重启发和回忆，还应注意关注证明方法的多样性，力图通过学生的自主探索，获得多样的证明方法，并在比较中选择适当的方法。 3.证明过程中注意揭示蕴含其中的数学思想方法，如转化、归纳、类比等。 4.作为初中阶段几何证明的最后阶段，教学中应要求学生掌握综合法和分析法证明命题的基本要求，掌握规范的证明表述过程，达成课程标准对证明表述的要求。 八年级下册数学各章节知识点总结 第一章 一元一次不等式和一元一次不等式组 一. 不等关系 1. 一般地,用符号“<”(或“≤”), “>”(或“≥”)连接的式子叫做不等式. 2. 区别方程与不等式：方程表示是相等的关系，不等式表示是不相等的关系。 3. 准确“翻译”不等式,正确理解“非负数”、“不小于”等数学术语. 非负数 <===> 大于等于0(≥0) <===> 0和正数 <===> 不小于0 非正数 <===> 小于等于0(≤0) <===> 0和负数 <===> 不大于0 二. 不等式的基本性质 1. 掌握不等式的基本性质,并会灵活运用: (1) 不等式的两边加上(或减去)同一个整式,不等号的方向不变,即: 如果a>b,那么a+c>b+c, a-c>b-c. (2) 不等式的两边都乘以(或除以)同一个正数,不等号的方向不变,即 如果a>b,并且c>0,那么ac>bc, c b c a >. (3) 不等式的两边都乘以(或除以)同一个负数,不等号的方向改变,即: 如果a>b,并且c<0,那么ac 北师大版八年级英语下册期末英语试卷 听力部分（共25分） 一、听对话。选择与对话内容相符的图片, 将代表图片的字母涂在相应的序号后。每段对 话读两遍。(共6分，每小题1分) 听第一段至第三段对话，完成1-3小题。 A B C D 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 听第四段至第六段对话，完成4-6小题。 A B C D 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 二、听对话或短文。根据内容，选择最佳选项。对话或短文读两遍。（共9分，每小题1分）听下面一段对话，完成第7-8小题。 7.What is the relationship(关系) between the two speakers? A. They are Jenn y’s mother and daughter. B. They are Jenny’s close friends. C. They are Jenny’s mother and friend. 8. Where is the conversation happening? A. At the theatre. B. At a party. C. At the bookstore. 听下面一段对话，完成第9-11小题。 9. When did Mary go to Amusement Park? A. Last night. B. Last month. C. Last year. 10. Has the girl ever been to a water park? A. Yes, she has. B. No, she hasn’t. C. Yes, she has gone to. 北师大版八年级上英语期末试卷 北京市东直门中学夏建萍 第Ⅰ卷选择题 第一部分听力(20分) 一.听对话，根据对话内容，选出可以回答问题的最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。（共7分，每小题一分） ( )1. A .Yellow. B. Green. C. Blue. ( )2 .A.11:00 B.11:05 C.10:55 ( )3. A.A cup of tea B.A glass of milk C.A bottle of orange juice ( )4 .A. New York B. London C. Paris ( )5. A.2 hours B.3 hours C.4 hours ( )6. A. Climb the hill B. Stay at home C. To his grandma's ( )7 A .Both the boy and the girl B. The girl C. The boy 二.听对话，根据对话内容，选择最佳答案。每段对话读两遍（共8分，每小题1分）听第一段对话，回答8和9小题。 （）8.What does the woman do? A.A teacher B.A reporter C.A shop assistant （）How often does the man eat fast food? A. During weekdays B. At weekends C .Twice a week 听第二段对话，回答10~12小题。 （）10.What does the man ask the woman to do? A. To do some shopping B. To bring him some suger and rice C. To tell him how to get to the nearest store ( ) 11.Who are the two speakers? 北师大版数学八年级下册 导学案（全） 班级：姓名: 中学 注：（由网客收集整理，整合了几家比较好的学案。喜欢就拿走做资料用，如有雷同实属转载，分享。在此感谢原作者的无私奉献。谢谢！） 编号：№1 班级小组姓名小组评价教师评价 第一章一元一次不等式和一元一次不等式组 §1.1 不等关系 学习目标： 1.理解不等式的意义. 2.能根据条件列出不等式. 3.通过列不等式，训练学生的分析判断能力和逻辑推理能力. 4.通过用不等式解决实际问题，使学生认识数学与人类生活的密切联系以及对人类历史发展的作用.并以此激发学生学习数学的信心和兴趣. 学习重点： 用不等关系解决实际问题. 学习难点： 正确理解题意列出不等式. 预习作业： 请同学们预习作业教材P2-4的内容，在学习的过程中请弄清以下几个问题： 1.不等式的概念： 一般地，用符号“＜”（或≤），“＞”（或≥）连接的式子叫做______________ 2.长度是L的绳子围成一个面积不小于100的圆，绳长L应满足的关系式为_________________ 例1、用不等式表示 （1）a是正数；（2）a是负数； （3）a与6的和小于5；（4）x与2的差小于－1； （5）x的4倍大于7；（6）y的一半小于3. 变式训练： 1、用适当的符号表示下列关系： (1) a是非负数； （2）直角三角形斜边c比它的两直角边a、b都长； （3） X与17的和比它的5倍小。 2.（1）当x=2时，不等式x+3＞4成立吗？ （2）当x=1.5时，成立吗？ （3）当x=－1呢？ 活动与探究： a,b两个实数在数轴上的对应点如图1－2所示： 图1－2 用“＜”或“＞”号填空： （1）a__________b;（2）|a|__________|b|; （3）a+b__________0;（4）a－b__________0; （5）a+b__________a－b;（6）ab__________a 拓展训练： 1.某校两名教师带若干名学生去旅游,联系了两家标价相同的旅游公司,经洽谈后,甲公司优惠条件是1名教师全额收费,其余7.5折收费; 乙公司的优惠条件是全部师生8折收费.试问当学生人数超过多少人时,其余7.5折收费; 甲旅游公司比乙旅游公司更优惠? (只列关系式即可) 编号：№2 班级小组姓名小组评价教师评价 §1.2 不等式的基本性质 学习目标： 1.探索并掌握不等式的基本性质； 2.理解不等式与等式性质的联系与区别. 3.通过对比不等式的性质和等式的性质，培养学生的求异思维，提高大家的辨别能力. 学习重点: 探索不等式的基本性质，并能灵活地掌握和应用. 北师大版2020年八年级上学期英语期末考试试卷（II ）卷 一、单选题 (共15题；共30分) 1. （2分）——This history book is of great value. ——Exactly. ____________ can be enjoyed from it ____________ you have a deep understanding of it, however. A . Nothing; unless B . Few; till C . Something; until D . Little; since 2. （2分）This is my ________, and his desk is next to mine in the classroom． A . classmate B . teacher C . mother D . uncle 3. （2分）It's cold today. The window is . Joan, go and it, please. A . closed; open B . open; close C . close; open D . open; closes 4. （2分）They ________ play football last Friday because Simon forgot to bring his football here. A . could B . couldn't C . would D . can 5. （2分）— Hello, this is Tom. Is Jack in? — Sorry, he to his uncle's home. May I take a message? A . has been B . go C . is going 教案 第一章三角形的证明 D B C A E F O A B C D E 二.【效果检测】 1.如图1 (1)，在△ABC 与△A ＇B ＇C ＇中，若AB ＝A ＇B ＇，AC ＝A ＇C ＇，∠C ＝∠C ＇＝90°，这时Rt △ABC 与Rt △A ＇B ＇C ＇是否全等？ 导学： 把Rt △ABC 与Rt △A ＇B ＇C ＇拼合在一起 ，如图1(2)，因为 ∠ACB ＝∠A ＇C ＇B ＇＝90°，所以B 、C(C ＇)、B ＇三点在一条直线上， 因此，△ABB ＇是一个等腰三角形，可以知道∠B ＝∠B ＇．根据AAS 公理可知Rt △A ＇B ＇C ＇≌Rt △ABC 。 请你按照上面的分析，尝试着完成本题的证明过程。 证明： 反思：1.为什么要说明B 、C(C ＇)、B ＇三点在一条直线上呢？ 2.前面我们曾用画图剪拼的方法，比较感性的获得“斜边和一条直角边对应相等的两个直角三角形的全等。”但是，由于观察并不一定可靠，通过今天严谨的逻辑证明，我们确信这是一条数学真理。 3.根据勾股定理、SAS 公理你还有其他证明方法吗？ 三.【布置任务】师生互动探究 问题1.证明:在直角三角形中，30°角所对的直角边等于斜边的一半。 点拨：1.我们可以构造如图1(2)的图形中，在等边三角形AB B ＇中，如果 ∠BA C ＝30°，那么△ABC 是一个直角三角形，且BC ＝21AB 。 四.【小组交流】学生展示 问题2. 如图，在△ABC 中，已知D 是BC 中点，DE ⊥AB ，DF ⊥AC ，垂足分别是E 、F ，DE ＝DF . 求证：AB=AC 点拨：要证AB=AC ，只要分别证AE=AF ，BE=CF,因而只要用”HL ” 证明 Rt △AED ≌Rt △AFD, Rt △BED ≌Rt △CFD 。 六.【课堂训练】拓展延伸 问题3 如图，CD ⊥AB,BE ⊥AC,垂足分别是D 、E, BE 、CD 相交于点O ，如果AB=AC ，哪么图中有几对全 八年级下册 第一章 一元一次不等式和一元一次不等式组 1、（4页）一般地，用符号“<”（或“≤”），“>”（或“≥”）连接的式子叫做不等式。 2、（7-8页） 不等式的基本性质1 不等式的两边都加上（或减去）同一个整式，不等号的方向不变。 不等式的基本性质2 不等式的两边都乘以（或除以）同一个正数，不等号的方向不变。 不等式的基本性质3 不等式的两边都乘以（或除以）同一个负数，不等号的方向改变。 3、（10页）能使不等式成立的未知数的值，叫做不等式的解。 一个含有未知数的不等式的所有解，组成这个不等式的解集。 （11页）求不等式解集的过程叫做解不等式。 4、（14页）不等式的左右两边都是整式，只含有一个未知数，并且未知数的最高次数是1，像这样的不等式，叫做一元一次不等式。 5、（27页）一般地，关于同一未知数的几个一元一次不等式合在一起，就组成一个一元一次不等式组。 6、（28页）一元一次不等式组中各个不等式的解集的公共部分，叫做这个一元一次不等式的解集。求不等式组解集的过程，叫做解不等式组。 第二章 分解因式 7、（44页）把一个多项式化成几个整式的积的形式，这种变形叫做把这个多项式分解因式。 8、（47页）多项式bc ab +的各项都含有相同的因式b 。我们把多项式各项都含有的相同因式，叫做这个多项式各项的公因式。如b 就是多项式bc ab +各项的公因式。 9、（47页）如果一个多项式的各项都含有公因式，那么就可以把这个公因式提出来，从而将多项式化成两个因式乘积的形式。这种分解因式的方法叫做提公因式法。 10、（57页）形如222b ab a ++或222b ab a +-的式子称为完全平方式。 11、（57页）如果把乘法公式反过来，那么就可以用来把某些多项式分解因式，这种分解因式的方法叫做运用公式法。 ()()b a b a b a -+=-22 )2222b a b ab a +=++ ()2 222b a b ab a -=+- 第三章 分式 12、（66页）整式A 除以整式B ，可以表示成B A 的形式。如果除式B 中含有字母，那么称B A 为分式，其中A 称为分式的分子，B 称为分式的分母。对于任意一个分式，分母都不能为零。 13、（68页）分式的基本性质 分式的分子与分母都乘以（或除以）同一个不等于零的整式，分式的值不变。 14、（69页）把一个分式的分子和分母的公因式约去，这种变形称为分式的约分。 15、（74页）分式乘除法的法则： 两个分式相乘，把分子相乘的积作为积的分子，把分母相乘的积作为积的分母； 两个分式相除，把除式的分子和分母颠倒位置后再与被除式相乘。 16、（80页）根据分式的基本性质，异分母的分式可以化为同分母的分式，这一过程称为分式的通分。 17、（82页）异分母的分式相加减，先通分，化为同分母的分式，然后再按同分母分式的加减法法则进行计算。 18、（87页）分母中含有未知数的方程叫做分式方程。北师大新版八年级下册数学知识点完整版
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