北京市城六区2018届初三一模英语分类汇编之阅读理解篇目D

【西城一模】D

Cities are taking interest in electric scooter-share systems as an affordable transportation

to cutdown on pollution and traffic jams. The electric scooters, which weigh between 30 and

40 pounds,reach speeds of about 15 mph.

In September 2017，Santa Monica, California, became the first U.S. city to

have an electric scooter-share service. Users find and unlock one of the more than

1，000 scooters with a smartphone app. A ride costs $ 1，and then 0.15 cents for

each minute of riding throughout the beach town.

Bird, the startup operating the scooter-share, picks up the scooters every

night tothem, and places them around Santa Monica each morning ready for people?s use.The company wascreated by Travis VanderZanden, who once worked in Uber and Lyft, after he realized ridesharingservices failed to help with traffic jams and air pollution. Since its September 2017 beginning, Bird?ssystem has served more than 50,000 riders who have taken 250,000 trips — more than half of which havebeen in the last month. It?s since expanded (扩张) to Venice, California, and some neighborhoods in LosAngeles and San Diego. Bird plans

to expand to lots of markets by the end of 2018.

Competitors，backed by millionaires，are appearing. Two bike-share startupsLimeBike andSpin, have spoken of plans to provide electric scooters in cities this year.

Electric scooters have also gotten the attention of Mayor Pete Buttigieg from South Bend，

Indiana. The city is interested in using them as a way to improve public transportation. South Bendwas one of the first to use bike-share systems, which allow people to park ridesharing bikes on public land. “We love to be early pioneers，” said Buttigieg. “If we work out the safety problem, we would be open to welcoming the technology.”

“We need t o make sure these new transportation systems are lawful and safe for users，”Constance Farrell，a spokeswoman for the city of Santa Monica told CNN. “We would like to seeelectric scooters continue to operate in the city. They are in line with our goal of

multi-modal livingand carbon-light living. ” According to Farrell，there have been eight accidents, including one with aserious head injury，in Santa Monica after the scooters rolled out. Users are required to have a driver?s license (驾照），shouldn?t ride on sidewalks or have other passengers on board.

Bird has given out free helmets to some riders and tells its users to ride in bikelanes, but some users ride on sidewalks, and most U.S. streets don?t havebike lanes.

“The global community of cities is g oing to have to work this all out forscooters，”

Buttigieg said. “They can move unbelievably quickly. That?s exciting，and a little

30. Why did Travis create Bird company?

A. Because he received support from millionaires and the government.

B. Because many cities had electric scooter-share services.

C.Because it is lawful and safe to use electric scooters.

D.Because cities need better ridesharing services.

31. The words “ are in line with” inParagragh 6 probably mean “ ___ ”.

A. stop

B. meet the need of

C. change

D. are ahead of

32. What can we learn from the passage?

A.Future electric scooters will be very slow and sale.

B.Electric scooters will cause fewer accidents than cars.

C.More cities will try to help with electric scooters service.

D.Future traffic problems will be solved with help of electric scooters.

33. The passage is mainly about ____ .

A.the challenges of the electric scooter-share system in America

B.the advantages and disadvantages of electric scooters in America

C.the introduction of the electric scooter-share service in America

D.the future of electric scooters in public transportation in America

30. D31. B32. C33. C

【东城一模】

D

Arkansas may give up the BMI program or weaken it with the help of thenew governor, who said it had “a lot of negative, unexpected results”.

The number of overweight children in the United States has more thandoubled in the past 20 years. Being seriously overweight can lead to healthproblems later in life. As a result, Arkansas first started the BMI program in2004-public schools were required to provide parents with a yearly report of their children?s body-mass index (BMI)，a number to show whether theirweight is appropriate (合适的）.Along with students? BMIs, parents also received information on health risks of being overweight.

A study shows that obesity (肥胖）rates in Arkansas have stoppedincreasing since 2004. But not everyone supports schools in reporting students?BMIs. Some parents have complained their kids worry that they are being“graded” on their weight, although Dr. Joe Thompson, who helped plan theBMI program, gave the explanation at the start of the program, “Just like a

school check for vision or hearing, this is a way to raise awareness (意识）abouta health risk. ??

Critics argue that telling parents their children weigh too much could hurt children?s

self-esteem (自尊）.Some also qu estion whether it?s the role ofschools to monitor students? weight. Dr. Nancy Krebs，a nutrition expert, also thinks obesity report cards aren?t good enough. ……They?re making kids feel bad about how they are，?? she says. “Instead of focusing on kids? BMIs, schoolsshould provide better health and physical education classes and serve

healthier foods. ”

However, supporters of the program say overweight children have hadself-esteem problems before their parents get obesity report cards. Dr. KarenYoung at Arkansas Children?s Hospital says，“The overweight kids are alreadybeing teased (被嘲弄）.It doesn?t take the letter for them to feel bad. ??

Health experts from the University of Arkansas think it would be a pity tostop the BMI program. They see the program as a wake-up call for families andthe letter is spurring some major action on some parents. Danita Thomas said sheknew her son Irie was too heavy. But since getting that first BMI report, Irie has lost nearly 100 pounds and given up junk food. “It was helpful，” she said.“It made me realize that we needed to do something different. ??The BMI reports and other steps, such as limits on vending machine (自动售货机）use at school, are leading to healthier students. If there was no BMIprogram, there should be other effective tools to get schools and parentsinvolved with preventing children from becoming overweight adults.

30. What might be the purpose of the BMI program in Arkansas?

A. To make the schools realize the importance of health education.

B. To warn parents of health risks of overweight children.

C. To drive parents to learn more knowledge on health.

D. To explain why some students gain weight quickly.

31. Dr. Nancy Krebs believes that .

A. overweight students are usually laughed at by classmates

B. schools should teach students how to lead a healthy life

C. overweight students usually get low grades at school

D. schools should do the job to record students5 weight

32. The words “spurring some major action on some parents” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “.

A. keeping some parents from worries

B. encouraging some parents to make changes

C. helping some parents learn from other families

D. supporting some parents in expressing their opinions

33. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. What schools should report to parents.

B. How schools can care about overweight students.

C. Why schools should help students control their weight.

D. Whether schools should report students5 BMIs to parents.

【海淀一模】

D

Motivated (有内驱力的 ) or Overachieving?

Everyone has the occasional classmate who hands in his work ahead of time with really beautifulhandwriting. Some teachers may cheerfully get the homework by saying "Of course you did it early.I'm sure you've done a good job!" Some teachers may feel annoyed because "The deadline is not until next Friday." Behind this student's back are tons of whispers from his classmates, "Ugh, he is such anoverachiever and it's so annoying ..."

If you ask the same student to explain his behavior, he probably says that he is simply "motivated".Such students refuse to call themselves overachievers but prefer "motivated" instead. They want to shyaway from the unpleasant term "overachiever" but choose to embrace the word "motivated" .

Why is the term "overachiever" used as an insult (侮辱 )? Do we not all work hard to achieve ourgoals? Why does the "motivated" student not proudly call himself an "overachiever" ?

In my personal experience, being called an overachiever in front of my classmates is not pleasantat all. The word is often connected with an unkind smile or sometimes a hint ofjealousy (嫉妒 )."Overachiever" carries the implied (暗指的 ) sense which "over" lends it - you have done too muchand you have gone too

far. Anyway, it is beyond the proper degree and just annoying to those studentswho refuse to put in the effort themselves and get unhappy with you for doing so.

A student would rather think of himself as an excellent student and it is motivation that driveshim to do his best. What is the implied meaning of "motivated" ? Connected with positive words likewillpower, spirit and determination, the "motivated" student would appear to be competing in an eventof the brain Olympics.

Although there are differences in their implications, the student who calls himself "motivated"could actually be a secret overachiever, going over the top for all his work; while the "overachiever" isnothing more than a motivated student, driven by the simple desire to do well and willing to put in timeand effort. In fact, the choice lies within the student: to overachieve or not to overachieve; to find themotivation to do well and be driven by it, or to sit back and blame others for overachieving to hide hisinability to achieve.

30.According to the passage, overachievers

A. are popular with their classmates

B.hand in homework ahead of time

C. are much loved by their teachers

D. look down on others for being slow

31.The word "embrace" in Paragraph 2 probably means "_ ".

A. understand

B. explain

C. doubt

D. accept

32.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Teachers expect students to benefit from their extra work.

B. Students compete with each other to become overachievers.

C. Classmates may laugh at overachievers to hide their inability to achieve.

D. The writer has some pleasant experiences of being called an overachiever.

33. The writer probably agrees that

A.students shouldn't be encouraged to be overachievers

B.students without motivation will become overachievers

C.motivated students make better progress than overachievers

D.motivated students have something in common with overachievers

【朝阳一模】

D

Successby Failu

re

I hadfailed again.Itwas theday of thebig marathon. I had decided threeyearsagoto train forthe half-marathoneventand takehomea meal(奖牌).ThereIsat, infront ofmy TV, while

I watched otherscross the finishingline. I wasjustanotherinalongstring(串)offailures. I had

never met asingle weightloss orfitnessgoal andI wasmajoringin the art offailing.

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