5. reading comprehension-dancing bee

The Dancing Bees

To attract bees a simple device was used, just a sheet of paper liberally smeared with honey and placed on the experimental table about 20 m from the hive. It may be an hour or two before, by chance, a bee discovers this bounty, but if she be marked with a spot of paint it will he noticed that she will soon return to the spot after taking her load of honey back to the hive, and within minutes dozens of other bees will also arrive. If we trace their origin we shall find that they came from the same colony as the first bee.

If a glass-sided observation hive be used, it will be seen that the foraging bee first transfers her load of honey to "house bees", whose job it is to feed others or store honey in waxen cells. She then begins to perform a kind of "round dance". On the part of the comb where she is sitting she starts whirling around in a narrow circle, constantly changing her direction, dancing clockwise and anticlockwise in quick succession, describing one or two circles in each direction. Her enthusiasm is communicated to several other bees, who follow her every movement and repeat it with great excitement before rushing to the entrance to leave the hive. They return within minutes with a load of honey themselves, and then dance in the same manner, thus multi- plying the number of bees flying to the honey-smeared paper. If this experiment be repeated with the table set up at various distances further from the hive, and the dances watched, it will be noted that they begin to change from a "round dance" to a "wagging dance" when the table is over 50 m away, and for distances of about 90 m and over the foraging bee will dance in a totally different manner. In this new dance the bee runs around a narrow semi-circle, makes a sharp turn and runs back in a straight line to her starting point; then she describes another semi- circle, this time in the opposite direction, thus completing a full circle, before once more returning to her starting point in a straight line. The other characteristic feature distinguishing the new dance from the former "round dance" is a rapid wagging of the bee's abdomen performed only during her straight run. This wagging dance commands just as much attention among the bees following her movement as did the round dance.

When, in a new series of experiments, the feeding place was gradually moved up to 10 km away, it was observed that the straight "waggle run" became more vigorous and prolonged, with the turn following at longer and longer intervals. Using a stop-watch it was found that a dancing bee traveled along the straight part of the run between 9 and 10 times in 15 seconds if the feeding place were 100 m from the hive, 6 times at a distance of 500 m, 4 times at 1000 m, twice at 5000 m and barely more than once at 8 to 10 km. The agreement between measurements taken on different but windless days, in different years with different colonies in different places, is quite amazing. In windy weather the timing of dances is altered, for example if bees have to fly against the wind to reach the honey source, then the distance is treated as longer and vice versa. Experiments with food supplies placed on the same angular bearing but at different distances have confirmed that bees fly to the original source, not to

equally good sources further or even nearer. Thus bees clearly have a remarkable sense of time, by means of which they are aware when they should reach their destination.

It would be of little use to the bees if they knew that a large tree was in full flower 2 km away but were ignorant of its direction: the wagging dance gives this as well. Inside the hive an upward wagging run means that the feeding place lies directly towards the sun; a downward wagging run indicates the opposite direction; an upward wagging run 60° to the left of vertical indicates food to be sought in a direction 60° to the left of the sun's direction and so on. A direction learned by other bees, in the semi-darkness of a hive in a vertical direction, is transferred to an angular bearing on the sun in a horizontal direction once they are outside the hive.

Q uestions

1 . Why should it perhaps be as long as an hour before the first bee arrives at the experimental table, yet after that dozens more arrive within a few minutes ?

2 . Explain why it should be necessary for bees to have two different types of dance, in respect of honey sources at different distances from the hive ?

3 . (a) E xplain fully the meaning of the following words or phrases as they are used in

the passage : (i) liberally, (ii) origin, (iii) foraging, (iv) characteristic, (v) vice versa, (vi) angular bearing

(b) W rite six short sentences, using each of the words or phrases (i) to (vi) to

illustrate their meaning. Your sentences should not deal with the subject matter of the passage.

4In about 150 words explain exactly how a bee learns the direction of, and

. navigates successfully to a field of flowers 4 km away from the hive on a calm sunny day. What difference would it make if there were a moderate breeze blowing from the hive towards the flowers ?

5 . Do you think that it would make any difference if the hive were to be turned around so that the entrance pointed in a different direction, halfway through the experiment ? Explain your reasoning clearly.

Answers

1. The first bee discovers the location of the honey by chance, not by smell or

vision. However, when she has taken honey to the hive and delivered it to the bees which store it and feed others, she returns quickly to the source. Meanwhile she has indicated to other bees the whereabouts of the honey by means of a certain kind of 'dance' within the hive. The dance indicates distance and location.

Other bees watch, then follow, and on their return communicate the whereabouts of the honey to other bees. Thus, a large number will arrive in a short time.

2. The change in dance-style indicates the distance between the hive and the

honey-source. Up to 50m she does narrow circles, clockwise then

anti-clockwise. From 50m to 90m she does a 'wagging dance' and over 90m a different kind. this dance is a clockwise semicircle with a diameter return to the start-point, followed by the same, anti-clockwise. Thus she describes a complete circle. The 'wagging' dance frequency is in inverse ratio to the distance.

3. (a) (i) liberally -- freely, generously

(ii) origin -- source, the hive they came from

(iii) foraging -- searching for food

(iv) characteristic -- identifying, special

(v) vice versa -- the other way round

(vi) angular bearing -- a direction a certain number of degrees left or right of the sun's position

(b) (i) He gives liberally to every charitable cause

(ii) Etymology is the study of the origin of words

(iii) In the old days, soldiers were sent foraging for food

(iv) A quick temper is said to be a characteristic of people who have red hair

(v) There was dislike between Alan and his teacher, and vice versa

(vi) I shall need an angular bearing if I am to find that particular house by night-compass

4. The bee would learn the distance by watching another which had already been to the field. This bee would indicate 4000m by traveling along the straight part of the 'wagging' run only about three times. The direction would be indicated by an upward wagging if towards the sun and a downward wagging if away. The run itself points to the angular bearing to the sun. With the breeze the time factor would decrease, making the journey notionally less. This would increase the demonstrating bee's number of straight line movements marginally to say 3 1/2 within 15 seconds. ( 97 words )

5. There is no relationship between the honey-source and the direction in which the hive is facing. The first bee finds the source by chance and returns to the hive, after which she communicates the information to other bees by one of two types of dance, depending on distance. Both dances indicate direction by means of the alignment of the runs to the position of the sun. with this information the bees will emerge from the hive in whatever position it is place and at once fly off on the correct bearing.

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a cloned animal 克隆的动物 cloning n. 克隆无性繁殖 clonish a. 克隆的，模仿别人的 pl. embryos in embryo 计划中，酝酿中 the muscular tissue 肌肉组织

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agricultural adj. 农业的, 农艺的 agricultural development 农业的发展agricultural products 农作物, 农产品agriculturally adv. channel the English Channel 英吉利海峡 through (the) proper

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in favor of =in support of; approving: 支持；赞同： We are in favor of her promotion to president. 我们赞成她升为总裁 to the advantage of: 有利于： The court decided in favor of the plaintiff. 法庭的判决有利于原

告。 favorable adj. 赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的, 讨人喜欢的, 起促进作用的favorable winds 顺风a favorable report 赞同的报告 Thanks for your point of view. 感谢你发表见解。

牛津英语模块7第三单元Reading精品教案1

Reading The effects of the Internet on our lives Step1: Lead-in Nowadays, internet is playing an increasingly significant role in our society. Since its appearance, it has brought enormous changes to our lives. It seems that no one can escape from the influence of it. As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, there is a long-running controversial debate. Some people think that increased use of the Internet leads to social isolation and depression. People who spend more time on the Internet spend less time socializing with peers, communicate less within the family and feel more lonely and depressed. Have a discussion about the good and bad effects of the Internet in group. Try to fill in the Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions. 2. Read the text again and choose the best answers according to the text: ⑴According to the survey, children use the Internet mostly to __________. A. chat B. play games C. help with their studies D. advance knowledge about hobbies ⑵What is the most important thing in building a friendship?

牛津高中英语模块7第三单元reading 原文

The Effects of The Internet on Our Lives The Internet has positive effects on our lives My name is Zhu Fei and I am speaking in favour of the Internet-I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives. There are two main points which must be included when we analyse the Internet. The first is its value for people Who are looking for information. The second is our ability to relate to others through the Internet. When people need information, from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research, the Internet is now the first source they turn to. With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student will find abundant information from the largest libraries and museums in the world as his or her command. Internet users can communicate with experts on all sorts of topics, and read articles written by people who are leaders of their fields. Yet, some people are sceptical. They claim that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. They make the

模块7Unit 3 课文翻译

Unit 3 因特网对我们生活的影响 因特网对我们生活的正面影响 我叫朱珍菲，我代表支持因特网的一方发言。也就是说，我相信因特网对我们生活产生了正面的影响。对因特网及其应用进行的任何分析都必须包括以下两点：第一是因特网对于搜索信息的人具有的价值；第二是因特网所给予我们在网上组织团队和建立友谊的能力。 如今，当人们需要信息时，无论是时事新闻，天气预报还是旅游线路，学术研究，因特网都是很多人的首选。轻按键盘或点击鼠标，无论是住在小村庄还是大都会的闹市区，学生们都可以从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆中获取知识。因特网能够让人们同专家讨论任何话题，也可以使人们阅读各个领域的领头人物所撰写的文章。 但同时，也有人持怀疑态度。他们认为因特网没有用处，使用它是浪费时间。他们说，孩子们花大量时间聊天或打游戏，而不是集中精力学习。但美国最近的一次调查显示，80%经常使用因特网的人上网其主要目的是为了找到问题的答案。根据79%的被调查者的说法，因特网的第二个最常见的用途是增长有关业余爱好的知识。这些数字都证明，获取信息是人们使用因特网的主要目的。 因特网另一个精彩之处是人们通过它建立社会联系。网络友谊最大的好处之一在于它是基于共同的兴趣爱好而形成的，而非取决于人们的外貌，年龄或人气。来自不同国家，有着不同背景的年轻人在网上找到了终生的友谊。还有那些必须待在家中的残疾人也可以通过因特网与外部世界进行交流和沟通，结识有相同爱好的人们。如果没有因特网，这些人就没有那么多机会与别人交流了。 综上所述，我相信因特网是件有利的工具并且可以让我们生活得更好。 因特网对我们生活的负面影响 我叫林雷。我代表反方发言。我认为因特网对我们的生活产生了负面影响。就其缺点，我想主要谈谈缺乏监控的信息以及人们在时间使用方式上的改变。 当然，对于做研究的人们来说，获得最新的，精确的信息是重要的。因特网最大的一个好处就是，它能提供这种信息。但是，它的缺点是人们很难判断这些信息是否真实准确。因特网上虚假的信息已日渐成为一个棘手的问题，因为人们可以随心所欲地写东西，而我们不能总是辨别信息的真实与否。2003年，eBay这家著名的电子商务网站指出，70%的麻烦都是由于那些贩卖不存在的东西或者是对销售的产品进行虚假宣传的人引起的。全世界的大学教授都在抱怨，他们的学生在提交给他们的论文中使用了在网上找到的虚假信息。如果人们用传统的方法，例如从书报杂志中查到信息的话，这些由不精确信息引起的问题就不会如此频繁出现了。 因特网还有一个缺点是，它影响了人们的私生活。随着因特网的普及，人们使用时间的方式也发生了变化。如今，有些家庭的成员们到了晚上并不聚在一起，而是各做各的事情：有的在玩电脑，有的则待在网吧。事实上，有的年轻人将大量的时间花在玩电脑游戏和上因特网上，结果越来越上瘾。为了解决这个问题，北京市在2005年设立了一个门诊机构，专门治疗有网瘾的人。 一些专家说，用大量时间建立网络人际关系只会伤害人们过正常生活的能力。某大学曾对没毕业就停止学业的学生做过一个调查，发现43%的人痴迷于电脑。这项研究清楚地说明，将所有时间放在网络上的人会觉得自己与周围的人和世界切断了联系。 以上就是因特网对我们生活所造成的一些负面影响。在我看来，限制使用因特网，或者说处理好因特网所引起的问题还是很重要的。