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老年人保健健康指导

老年人保健健康指导
老年人保健健康指导

老年人保健健康指导

索河社区卫生服务中心

老年人保健健康指导

心脑血管疾病是死因顺位中排列靠前的疾病,因此心脑血管疾病的干预显得尤为重要。而高血压又是心脑血管疾病的直接威胁因素,可见高血压防治是社区首要干预内容。

一般高血压患者占社区?35岁人群的90%以上,有高血压者,由于没有测量,漏诊较多,应落实好35岁以上首诊病人常规测血压制度。

社区优先干预的健康危险因素排序。根据健康危险因素是否明确的致病因素,能否定量评价,可否预防控制,有无明显健康效益,干预的可接受性和可操作性,干预费用等确定优先干预危险因素排序依次为:控烟、控盐、降体重、不良卫生习惯与饮食方式、心理因素等。

针对我社区居民存在的诸多问题,制定如下健康干预措施

1 行为干预:慢性病又叫生活方式病,主要是由于生活方式发生很大改变导致人机体出现不适应造成的:经济发展和社会进步在带给人们丰富物质享受的同时,也改变着人们的饮食起居和生活习惯。与吸烟、酗酒、缺乏体力活动、膳食不合理等生活方式密切相关的疾病,已成为影响人民群众健康素质的大敌。这些不利因素导致许多人肥胖,而肥胖会导致心脑血管疾病、高血压、糖尿病等主要慢性病的发病率大大增高。因此增强人们的健康意识,从改变不良生活方式入手,培养良好的生活习惯:

1.1、避免过量饮酒,最好要戒烟;

1.2、注意饮食的营养均衡,适量摄入维生素、矿物质或有益活性物质;

provisions of paragraph 6.5 submission of complete information. Monitoring inspection and safety assessment of the implementation of the outcome of the owners of the relevant regulations. 10.11 the completion at the end of the contract period, we will transfer to the owners of all monitoring facilities, engineering data, documents, reports and other project-related content. For monitoring facilities, replaceable equipment availability monitoring instruments should be 100%, not replacing equipment availability monitoring instruments should be 95% or more. Curtain Grouting in the 11th Chapter 11.1 project overview the on curtain Grouting works primarily for River yongxing secondary hydropower station dam Foundation curtain grouting, quantities of 200m. Dam Foundation curtain Grouting in dam concrete pouring is complete, reaches a certain intensity, agreed by the supervising engineer and began construction. 11.2 11.2.1 General requirements we are responsible for the procurement of materials, transport, storage, keeping drilling and apart from the employer's manpower required to grout materials for all materials. Admixture, admixture of each procurement shall meet the relevant quality

1.3、争取规律的生活,保证充足的睡眠;

1.4、坚持日常持续的、适当的体育锻炼;

1.5、工作能放手时且放手,避免过度操心。

生活方式疾病主要是由不良饮食习惯、精神紧张、吸烟、酗酒及减少运动等不健康的生活方式造成的。因此少吃动物脂肪、动物内脏、低盐摄入、控制饮食、避免肥胖及加强身体锻炼是预防“生活方式病”的关键。

2 膳食干预:专家认为,1/3的癌症的发生与膳食有关;

脑血管病和糖尿病等慢性疾病与膳食营养的关系更加密切;青少年时期过量饱

食还是大脑早衰的原因之一。相当多的人至今仍然自觉和不自觉地以求温饱阶段形成的饮食观念指导其饮食行为,认为能够吃就是好,吃得多没有什么不好的,喜欢吃的就多吃点。人们吃的是越来越好,也吃得越来越精致和油腻。吃得好不意味着营养合理,营养过剩或不平衡还被证明与多种慢性非传染性疾病的发病有关。结果造成今天这种“文明人”痛快地吞进了“文明病”的境地。因此,在饮食上慢性非传染性疾病患者应重视饮食结构的调整,改变不合理、不科学的膳食结构和饮食习惯。

1 糖尿病患者饮食治疗的原则

1.1控制总热量:糖尿病的饮食控制首先要做到总热量的控制,但总热量的控制

绝不是简单的主食的控制,而是包括主食、副食,特别是高热量副食如肉、蛋、奶在内的所有热量,其计算方法要综合考虑病人的年龄、性别、身高、体重、劳动强度等因素。其中对热量需求影响最大的是体重和劳动强度,因此要着重加以考虑。

1.2合理安排各种营养成分:在总热量一定的情况下,如何安排各种营养成分所

占比例对糖尿病病人来说非常重provisions of paragraph 6.5 submission of complete information. Monitoring inspection and safety assessment of the implementation of the outcome of the owners of the relevant regulations.

10.11 the completion at the end of the contract period, we will transfer to the owners of all monitoring facilities, engineering data, documents, reports and other project-related content. For monitoring facilities, replaceable equipment availability monitoring instruments should be 100%, not replacing equipment availability monitoring instruments should be 95% or more. Curtain Grouting in the 11th Chapter 11.1 project overview

the on curtain Grouting works primarily for River yongxing secondary hydropower station dam Foundation curtain grouting, quantities of 200m. Dam Foundation curtain Grouting in dam concrete pouring is complete, reaches a certain intensity, agreed by the supervising engineer and began construction. 11.2 11.2.1 General requirements we are responsible for the procurement of materials, transport, storage, keeping drilling and apart from the employer's manpower required to grout materials for all materials. Admixture, admixture of each procurement shall meet the relevant quality

要。随着临床研究的深入及治疗方法的改进,对这一问题的认识产生了很大变化,由原来的低糖饮食发展到现在的新认识:增加碳水化合物的供热比例,增加纤维成分,给予适量蛋白质,减少脂肪及胆固醇、钠的摄入。

1.3科学安排一日三餐:为了控制血糖,纠正代谢紊乱,减少血糖波动,糖尿病病人进食应定时定量,一般可分为三餐,并有主副食及糖、脂肪、蛋白质的合理搭配。由于患者清晨及上午血糖一般较难控制,故三餐可按1/5、2/5、2/5分配。对于注射胰岛素者、青少年患者或容易发生低血糖的病人,可以考虑加餐,除早、中、晚三餐以外,可于上午、下午及晚上睡前各酌情加餐,其中主餐占热量的70%,加餐占30%左右。

考虑到食物种类对血糖的影响及供能特点,结合人们平时的生活习惯,一般豆奶宜放在早餐,肉类宜放在午餐,晚餐则应以清淡素食为主。因为人们白天活动较多,需要热量较多,晚上活动较少,同时蛋白血糖生成指数较低,故建议按以上方案分配。

2 高血压患者的高盐饮食习惯。合理的减少钠盐的摄入,对顽固性高血压有良好的辅助控制作用,钠盐的摄入每天应不超过6g。

3 冠状动脉粥样硬化、高血脂患者尽量减少高脂肪、高胆固醇事物的摄入,每

日摄入脂肪的热量应小于总热量的30%,控制胆固醇摄入至300mg,我国营养学家

提倡每人每天油的摄入不超过20g。

4 我国居民饮食结构中优质蛋白略显不足,适当补充优质蛋白,提高国民的身

体素质。补充维生素、无机盐和膳食纤维宜多吃些新鲜的水果和蔬菜。

3 药物干预:社区卫生服务人员应重视对具有慢性非传染性疾病高危因素的监控。向社区居民中的高危人群及provisions of paragraph 6.5 submission of complete information. Monitoring inspection and safety assessment of the implementation of the outcome of the owners of the relevant regulations.

10.11 the completion at the end of the contract period, we will transfer to the owners of all monitoring facilities, engineering data, documents, reports and other project-related content. For monitoring facilities, replaceable equipment availability monitoring instruments should be 100%, not replacing equipment availability monitoring instruments should be 95% or more. Curtain Grouting in the 11th Chapter 11.1 project overview the on curtain Grouting works primarily for River yongxing secondary hydropower station dam Foundation curtain grouting, quantities of 200m. Dam Foundation curtain Grouting in dam concrete pouring is complete, reaches a certain intensity, agreed by the supervising engineer and began construction. 11.2 11.2.1 General requirements we are responsible for the procurement of materials, transport, storage, keeping drilling and apart from the employer's manpower required to grout materials for

all materials. Admixture, admixture of each procurement shall meet the relevant quality

服药人群仔细介绍各种药物的作用机理,所起到的治疗作用及可能出现的毒副作用和注意事项。

1.1如服用小剂量的阿司匹林有显著抗血小板凝集的作用,对高血压合并心

梗、中风、动脉粥样硬化等有良好的预防作用。但长期服用对胃肠道有刺激,注意有无胃出血现象。

1.2中药丹参、银杏叶制剂可降低血液粘稠度和抗凝,而且毒副作用较小,可

长期服用。

1.3他汀类降脂药,除能降低血脂外,还有抗血管硬化和痴呆的作用。

简而言之,就是要仔细观察用药人群的用药反应及疗效,与用药人群进行良好的交流与沟通,使他们能及时得到积极正确的用药指导,最大限度的减少不良反应和毒副作用的影响。

慢性病有其自身的治疗和康复规律,我们应掌握和遵循这些规律,从日常生活的小节入手,循序渐进,引导这个群体树立积极的心态、良好的保健和健康意识。通过板报、宣传栏、健康处方、知识讲座、家庭巡视、健康咨询等等多种方式开展宣传教育,综合运用以上多种干预措施使社区居民形成追求健康、学习健康、管理健康的良好习惯。

总之,慢性病防治的对策主要有三个方面:?开展社区综合防治包括社区诊断、社区综合防治、监测;?健康促进、健康保护和健康教育是慢性病防治的关键;?培养良好生活方式是预防慢性病的基础,良好的生活方式即维多利亚提出的健康四大基石:合理膳食、适量运动、戒烟限酒与心理健康。

索河社区卫生服务中心

2011年7月20日 provisions of paragraph 6.5 submission of complete information. Monitoring inspection and safety assessment of the implementation of the outcome of the owners of the relevant regulations.

10.11 the completion at the end of the contract period, we will transfer to the owners of all monitoring facilities, engineering data, documents, reports and other project-related content. For monitoring facilities, replaceable equipment availability monitoring instruments should be 100%, not replacing equipment availability monitoring instruments should be 95% or more. Curtain Grouting in the 11th Chapter 11.1 project overview the on curtain Grouting works primarily for River yongxing secondary hydropower station dam Foundation curtain grouting, quantities of 200m. Dam Foundation curtain Grouting in dam concrete pouring is complete, reaches a certain intensity, agreed by the supervising engineer and began construction. 11.2 11.2.1 General requirements we are responsible for the procurement of materials, transport, storage, keeping drilling and apart from the employer's manpower required to grout materials for

all materials. Admixture, admixture of each procurement shall meet the relevant quality

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