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中国人民大学博士生(非英语专业)入学考试英语考试示例

中国人民大学博士生(非英语专业)入学考试英语考试示例Part I Vocabulary (20 points)

Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.

Choose the best completing the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single

bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

1. When I heard that Mrs. Thacher resigned, I called her. I wanted her to know that my heart was

_____ her.

A. for

B. of

C. in

D. with

2. Gentleness has been considered a _____ trait.

A. boyish

B. delicate

C. feminine

D. male

3. We know that this is ture, but _____ we recognize this truth only in our backward glance.

A. all too often

B. too often

C. all too late

D. too late

4. The retiring professor was _____ by his colleague.

A. criticized

B. exalted

C. driven out

D. examined

5. He is honest. His actions are always _____ his words.

A. contradictory to

B. contradicted by

C. agreed with

D. consistent with

6. Life is never just _____.

A. living

B. being

C. existing

D. going

7. The lady _____ her skirt by sit on the seat while flying.

A. disordered

B. disarranged

C. creased

D. crashed

8. You must always be ready to sacrifice _____ to duty.

A. inclination

B. tendency

C. interest

D. career

9. In many countries now, smoking is not _____ in public places.

A. permissive

B. permissible

C. permutable

D. pernicious

10.His pleasant ways _____ me into thinking that he was my good friend.

A. deprived

B. despised

C. diverted

D. beguiled

11._____ animals must be kept in cages in case they might hurt the tourists.

A. Land

B. Domestic

C. Vicious

D. Farm

12. Almost overnight, Ames became a hero of environmentalists when his finding led to new ____ and bans on certain chemicals.

A. regulations

B. authorities

C. orders

D. suggestions

13.The ____ noise whistles kept me awake all night.

A. incarnate

B. incessant

C. repetitious

D. rampant

14. The baby seems content, he must have ____ his new nursemaid.

A. taken to

B. taken after

C. taken from

D. taken in

15. He had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the Nazi authorities, and had no other _____.

A. alternative

B. hope

C. resource

D. approach

16. A good sense of rhythm is one of his natural ____ as a poet.

A. endowments

B. interest

C. weaknesses

D. accomplishments

17. All his attempts to argue about the rightness were _____.

A. futile

B. not important

C. effective in case

D. without reason

18.I ____ lowbrow, admire the highbrow all the more for his patronizing type.

A. conceiting

B. humble

C. overweening

D. poor

19. Lowbrows are quite _____ for highbrows to have their symphonics and their Russion novels.

A. content

B. contained

C. capacity

D. yearn

20. As the speed of change brings design ____ fashion, then decisions about taste will have to be made more and more regularly.

A. near to

B. nearer to

C. next to

D. close to

21.The dark clouds suggest a(n) _____ storm.

A. impending

B. surprising

C. fast

D. enexpected

22. To our grief, he became ______ to the drug.

A. addicted

B. interested

C. amused

D. disturbed

23.Being a foreigner, Carl did not _____ to the joke.

A. appreciate

B. catch on to

C. laugh

D. like

24. Talks on climate change resulted in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to _____ global warming.

A. focus on

B. combat

C. settle down

D. sum up

25. His parents _____ him to enlist when he was seventeen.

A. permitted

B. committed

C. made

D. enabled

26. _____ may think they are better than the facts would justify.

A. Optimists

B. Pessimists

C. Cynicists

D. Humorists

27. He quickly _____ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.

A. ducked

B. evaded

C. escaped

D. dodged

28. By isolating negative words and phrases, you can _____ the damage you’re doing to yourself.

A. point out

B. point

C. pinpoint

D. get

29. It did the _____ service of freeing us from the dilemma.

A. immense

B. much

C. lot of

D. innumerous

30. Sports, and not learning, seem to _____ in that school.

A. appear

B. occupy

C. dominate

D. lead

31. The local people could hardly think of any good way to _____ poverty they had endured.

A. shake off

B. ward off

C. put off

D. take off

32. As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming _____. The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.

A. interruption

B. description

C. qualification

D. contradiction

33. His meeting with Picasso was an important _____ in the artist’s life.

A. lesson

B. episode

C. scene

D. chapter

34. Borders these days have little meaning for Singapore- based regional _____ of electronics firms like Sanyo and Philips.

A. executives

B. officials

C. governors

D. servants

35. Unfortunately, the woman’s hat _____ my view of the stage.

A. blocked up

B. obstructed

C. prevented

D. interfered

36. Meantime, road construction is _____ on the site of a proposed Tuman River Triangle.

A. under way

B. in the way

C. of the way

D. by way

37. Everyone knows that the firefly is a _____ insect.

A. firing

B. lighting

C. luminiferous

D. glowing

38. Preferential policies and ready cooperation do play a role in _____ poverty.

A. alleviating

B. activating

C. assaulting

D. accustoming

39. The fact that these regions are _____ in natural resources doesn’t mean local people are well off.

A. adorable

B. accessible

C. abundant

D. ambient

40. In spite of a problem with the ____ equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.

A. imperfect

B. temporary

C. emergency

D. reinstalled

Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points)

Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and

D for each question or unfinished statement and mark the corresponding letter with a singel bar

across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

There is extraordinary exposure in the United States ot the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle acidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short

period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer that 4 percent of all dirvers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.

There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country’s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach.

To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this lever there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicatd. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As the British increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the ensuing three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.

Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic beverage will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most fatalities is unclear. In part, the answer depends on the extent to which those with high BAC involved in crashes are capable of controlling their intake in response to economic or penal threat. Therapeutic programs which range from individual and group counseling and psychotherapy to chemotherapy constitute another approach, but they have not diminished the proportion of accidents in which alcohol was a factor. In the few controlled trials that have been reported, there is little evidence that rehabilitation programs of those repeatedly arrested for durnken behavior have reduced either the recidivism or crash involvement for clients exposed to them, although knowledge and attitudes have improved. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic intoxication plays a role, many will continue to die.

41. The author is mainly concerned with _____.

A. interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalities

B. reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk driving

C. suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drunk driving in the United States

D. analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic fatalities

42. It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain______.

A. required drivers convicted under the law to undergo rehabilitation therapy

B. make it illegal to drive while intoxicated

C. increased the number of drunk driving arrests

D. placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks

43. The author imples that a BAC of 0.1 percent _____.

A. is unreasonalby high as a definition of intoxication for purposes of driving

B. penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limit

C. is well below the BAC of most drivers who are involved in fatal collisions

D. proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time

44. The author cites the British example in order to _____.

A. demonstrate the need to lower BAC levels in states that have laws against drunk driving

B. prove that stricter enforcement of laws against intoxicated drivers would reduce traffic deaths

C. prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of intoxicated drivers will not deter drunk driving

D. suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws

45. The author’s tone of then end of the article can best be described as _____.

A. ironic

B. indifferent

C. admonitory

D. indecisive

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Passage 2

No one can be greater thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who, with due study and preparation, thinks of himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which whey are capable of. There have been, and may again be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiansm was the mind of people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect ot something of the dignity of thinking beings.

He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and on one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unble to refute the reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgement, and unless he contents himself with that, he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in hundred

of what are called educated men are in this condition: even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be ture, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from and considered what such persons may have to say, and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact with seeminlgy conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.

46. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find ____.

A. acceptance of truth

B. enthusiasm

C. controversy over principles

D. a suspension of judgement

47. Which of the following statements is true, according to the author?

A. Most education people study both sides of a question

B. Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking.

C. The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only one side of an issue.

D. It is wise to get both sides of a debatable issue from one’s teachers

48. As it is used in line 4 of the passage, the word ‘suffer’ most nearly means _____.

A. endure

B. undergo

C. permit

D. support

49. It can be inferred from the passage that a person who knows only his own side of an issue is regarded by the author as ______.

A. uniformed

B. opinionated

C. ignorant

D. rational

50. Which of the following statements do you think the author would be most likely to agree with?

A. A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.

B. Periods of intellectual achievement are of heterodox speculation.

C. In a period of mental slavery, no true intellectual thought is possilbe

D. Excessive controversy prevents clear thinking.

Passage 3

Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generated half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.

Too many of these pioneers, however, will balze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Mid-career executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also , at least for a while, be bookeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had workded with the same product or service in their last jobs.

Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’s health in its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small –business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitabiliby. They

hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product have evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.

Frequent checks of your firm’s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot idea.

51.According to the passage, a country’s economy is probably decided by ______.

A. the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporations

B. the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capital

C. the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurants

D. the economic increase and decrease of the large companies

52. In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should _______.

A. get very well prepared for his new busniss

B. choose a business he’s already familiar with

C. examine the company’s crucial signs now and then

D. invest as much as possible into his enterprise

53. Which of the following statement about small business is not ture?

A. It helps effectively to fight unemployment.

B. The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapses

C. There’s a good omen for small business according to a survey.

54. What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?

A. The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well.

B. The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.

C. It’s too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because they have used up their money.

D. It’s urgentfor small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalize their business.

55. What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. How to become a winner in small business.

B. How to be a successful boss in multinational corporations.

C. How to deal with ups and downs in small business.

D. How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit.

Passage 4

The World Health Organization (WTO) is in trouble. Its leader is accused of failing to lead, and as the roganization drifts, other bodies, particularly the World Bank, are setting the global health agenda . Western governments want the WHO to set realistic targets and focus its energy on tackling major killer such as childhood diseases and tobacco.

The WHO clearly needs to set priorities. Its total budget of $0.9 billion – around 10 p for each man, woman and child in the world – cannot solve all the wolrd’s health problems. Yet its senior management does not seem willing to narrow the organization’s focus. Instead it is trying to be all things to all people and losing dependability.

Unfortuanately, the arguments for priority- setting is being seriouisly undermined by the US, one of the chief advocators of change. The US is trying to reduce its contribution to the WHO’s regular budget from a quarter of the total to a fifth. That would leave the organization $20 million short this year, on top of the substantial debts the US already owes.

The WHO may need priorities, but it certainly doesn’t need budget cuts. Thanks to ther US’s failure to pay its bills, many of the poorer nations see priority-setting as merely a cover for cost-cutting that would hit their health programs hard.

The WHO would not serve poorer countries any worse if it shaprened its focus. It would probably serve them better. In any case, a shaprer foucs should not mean that less money is needed. When the US demands cuts, it simply fuels disputes between the richer and poorer countires and gives the WHO’s senior management more time to postpone.

The American action is not confiend to the WHO. It wants eventually to cut its contributions to the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labor Organization too. But it knows that dissatisfaction with the WHO and its leadersip made the organization vulneralbe. It if wins against the WHO, the rest will lose out in their turn.

America’s share of the budget is already a concession. Each nation’s contribution to the UN agencies is calculated according to its wealth, and by that measuere the US should be paying about 28 percent of the WHO budget. But over the past three decades the US has gradually reduced what it pays the organization. The US should not ask for future cuts. Until it pays its full share of money, it will hold back the organization’s much needed reforms.

The world needs the WHO. The World Bank may have a bigger budget, but it sees improved health as jost one part of economic and social development. The WHO remains the only organization committed to health for all, regradless of wealth.

56. How much of the WHO’s budget should the United States pay in terms of its wealth?

A. A quarter

B. 28%

C. More than $ 20 milllion

D. A fifth

57. Which of the following can best characterize ther US?

A. It has stopped demanding reforms.

B. Its managemtnt is inefficient.

C. It is trying to pay less to WHO.

D. Its government is not responsive.

58. What does the author mean when he interprets the urge for a sharper focus?

A. The US will be justified in cutting its financial contribution.

B. More heated argumenteds will be unavoidable between richer and poorer countries.

C. There should be better service for poor countries but no cost-cutting.

D. The poorer countries will not receive more benefits.

59. What is the United State’s strategy to fight all those organizations according to the author?

A. To defeat them all one by one.

B. To defeat the WHO first and the others will give up.

C. To exclusive cut contributions to the WHO.

D. To cut contributions to all the organizations.

60. Which of the following world organizations has the weakest leadership according to the passage?

A. The International Labor Organization

B. The Food and Agriculture Organization.

C. The Wolrd Health Organization

D. The World Bank

Passage 5

The practice of capital punishement is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted exectutions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and dabate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continue today.

The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.

Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terribe crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effictive punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as human rights sissue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.

61. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _____.

A. death penalty had been carried out before government came into being

B. people thought it was right for the government to conduct exections

C. death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries

D. many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel

62. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?

A. People began to criticize their government.

B. The government was unjust in this period.

C. People began to realize the value of life.

D. Social critics were very active at that time.

63. Critics of capital punishment insist that it _____.

A. violate human rights regulations

B. is an ineffective punishment of the criminals

C. is just the revenge for terrible crimes

D. involves killing without mercy

64. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty_____.

A. agree that it is a human rights issue

B. agree that it can prevent crimes

C. explain its statistical analyses differently

D. think that they are asked different types of questions

65. The author’s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as ______.

A. supportive

B. critical

C. neutral

D. contradictory

Passage 6

The sound of gunshots has become an all too familiar and unwelcome occurrence in many communities across the nation. When shots ring out, 911 calls from worried citizens may come from a large area. Unfortuately, even with numerous reports, police are ofter frustrated in their efforts to silence this gunfire because they cannot pinpoint the location of gunshots rapidly.

A U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientist recognized that sound waves traveling through the air away from a gunshot are basically similar to the sound waves traveling through the ground away from an earthquake. Scientist then have adapted their methods for quickly finding the exacty source of an earthquake to the problem of locating gunshots.

Field testing of a gunshot-locating system inspired by earthquake technology began in 1995. After only a few weeks of testing and improving the software, the system was locating many signals that were clearly associated with gunfire. Automatic weapons fire was the easiest to identify because of the regular time interval between individual shots. The system was more sensive during the night, when there was less background noise from traffic and other urban activity. By the last spring , the system was undergoing final acceptance trials. Captian Jim Granucci of the

Redwood City Police Department stated that “ even before the system was in use, the number of illegal gunshots declined as word of its existence speread. “

In this test the gunshot-locating system worked remarkable well, and according to Commander Dominick Peloso of Menlo Park Police Department, “This system, when fully developed, holds great promise for assisting police in controlling and reducing violent crime.”

When the results of the test were made public, there was an enthusiastic response from San Francisco Bay area residents, who asked local government officials to impletment such systems in their cmmunities. Interest was also expressed by private firms and law enforcement agencies both in California and elsewhere in the nation. Robert Showen, founder of a company that is now marketing a gunshot-locating system, said, “The USGS test demonstrated beyond a doubt that the concept was feasible and could be implemented quickly. Without this test, I would have been hisitant to invest in the development of my product.”

66. The problem of gunfire is difficult to solve because _______.

A. few people would like to report gunshots to the police

B. few policemen are available to capture the criminals

C. people are indifferent to the familiar sound of gunshots

D. the police cannot immediately rush to the scene of gunshots

67. It can be learned that the gunshot-locating system _______.

A. is more effective within a short distance

B. is proved to be more reliable at night

C. is not affected by background noise

D. is not sensitive to automatic weapons

68. Testing of the gunshop-locating system_______.

A. has produced mixed results

B. has failed to live up to expectations

C. has turned out to be successful

D. leaves much to be desired

69. Which of the following best descibed people’s attitude towards the gunshot-locating system?

A. Positive

B. Undecided

C. Cautious

D. Critical

70. This story of the development of a gunshot-locating system shouws _______.

A. scientific development can greatly enrich people’s life

B. scientific concepts are too abstract for people to understand

C. scientific knowledge is a great stimulus to economic development

D. scientific research in one field can aid society in an unrelated area

Part IV Translation (20 points)

71. English- Chinese Translation (10 points)

Directions: Translate the following English into Chinese and write your translation on your Answer Sheet II.

Once you’ve written down all your goals, both large and small, the next step on your journey to success is to activate the creative powers of your subconscious mind by reviewing your list two or three times every day. Take time to read your list of goals. Read the list one goal at a time. Close your eyes and picture each goal as if it were already accomplished. Take a few more seconds to feel what you would feel if you had already accomplished each goal.

Following this daily discipline of success will activate the power of your desire. It increase what psychologists refer to as “structural tension” in your brain. Your brain wants to close the gap between your currently reality and the vision of your goal. By constantly repeating and visualizing your goal as already achieved, you will be increasing this structural tension. This

will increase your motivation, stimulate your creativity, and heighten your awareness of resources that can help you achieve your goal.

72. Chinese- English Translation (10 points)

Directions: Translate the following Chinese into English and write your translation on your Answer Sheet II.

这一年来，联合国忙于应付各种问题：这些问题范围之广，前所未有。就工作的时间、举行会议或跋涉的旅程来说，从来没有一年是这样忙、这样辛苦的。在一些极为困难的问题上，联合国这一年来取得了显著的进展。前几年开始出现的务实的作风，已经收到了实际的成果，联合国因此有机会展示潜力、发挥能力。就这些问题本身来说，就联合国的前途来说，这都是振奋人心的。

Part V Writing (30 points)

73. Practical Writing (10 points)

Directions: Please write a letter in about 100 English words in the following condition. You work as a general secretary of an academic society and in July 25-29, 2005, the society will have a meeting. Your letter is supposed to be written to every member of the society to tell them:

a. the time and place to attend the meeting,

b. the topic at the meeting

c. expenses

d. accommodations

Please write clearly on your Answer Sheet II.

74. Essay Writing (20 points)

Directions: Write an essay on your Answer Sheet II in about 200 words with the title “Open Mind. ”

THE ANSWERS

Part I Vocabulary (20 points)

1. D

2.C

3. A

4. B

5. D

6. B

7. C

8. A

9. B 10. D

11.C 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.B

21.A 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.A 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.C

31.A 32.D 33.B 34.A 35.B 36. A 37.C 38.A 39.C 40.A

Part II Reading Comprehension (30 pints)

41.B 42. B 43. A 44.C 45. C 46. C 47.C 48.C 49.B 50.B

51.C 52.A 53.B 54.C 55.A 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.B 60.C

61.B 62.C 63.D 64.C 65.C 66.D 67.B 68.C 69.A 70.D

Part III Translation (20 points)

71. 在成功的旅途上，无论是大目标还是小目标，一旦把自己的目标列出之后，紧接着就是激活你潜意识中的创造力，激活的方法就是每天重温这些目标两三次。花些时间朗读这些目标，一次读一个。闭上眼睛，想象这些目标已经实现的情景。再用几秒种时间感觉一下当你所有的目标都已经实现时的感觉。

进行这一引向成功的日常训练会激活你实现欲望的能动性。它增加你脑海中被心理学家称为“结构性紧张”的情绪。你脑子里想得是缩短你的目标与你的现实状况与之间的差距。通过不断地重复，不断地想象你已经实现的目标，你就会不断产生这种“结构性紧张”情绪。这将会使你的动机更强烈，刺激你的创造力，提高对能够帮助你实现目标的资源的认识。

72. In the past year the United Nations has been actively engaged on an unprecedentedly wide range of problems. In terms of hours worked, meetings held or journeys made, there has never been a more active or more arduous year. The Organization has achieved notable progress this year on some extremely difficult problems. The pragmatic and realistic approach which has begun to emerge over the few years, has resulted in practical results which provide an opportunity for the Organization to show its potential and to develop its capacity. This is encouraging in terms of the problems themselves and also for the future of the United Nations.

Part IV Writing (30 points)

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PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题(附答案详解)

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一) Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3. 4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else. 11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before look ing into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them. Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity. 1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from 2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest 3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price 4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again 5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When 6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains 7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare 8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to 9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle 10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters 11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic 12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight 13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over 14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted 15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside 16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered 17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked