Unit 3 Text A 语言点分析.doc

Global Reading >> Further Understanding

I. True or False

1. The phrase “on the latch” means the door is closed and locked. (F)

(=This phrase means the door is closed but unlocked.)

2. Nowadays, doors, not only in cities but also in rural areas, are locked. (T)

3. Urban streets are more dangerous than outskirts and country areas. (F)

(=Suburbs and country areas are more dangerous than urban streets.)

4. In America nowadays, no one leaves his front door on the latch anymore. (t)

II. Supporting Facts for the Central Idea

The author uses lots of facts to support his central point of view: America is deteriorating from “the Land of the Free” into “the Land of the Lock”. Could you find any more supporting facts in addition to those listed below?

1. Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas.

2. Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.

3. Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.

4. Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes.

5. Access cards are required of those who work with medium- to large-size companies.

6. Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.

7. Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to determine whether the caller is telling lies or not.

8. Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.

III. Discussion

In Paragraph 6, the author mentions a public service advertisement by a large insurance company. Discuss the following questions.

1. What does this ad point out?

(=The lock is the new symbol of America.)

2. What is the author’s purpose of using this example?

IV. Sentence Completion

Read Part 2 carefully and supply the missing information.

1. We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life and so used to putting up barriers.

2. We are satisfied when we think we are well-protected.

3. With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists at bay.

4. We do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow.

V. Questions and Answers

1. Under what excuse do people resort to all those means mentioned in Part 2?

(=In the name of “security”.)

2. Does the author think they are justified in doing so?

(=No. Because in the author’s opinion, America becomes the most insecure nation with all these means.)

3. According to the author, what may be the legacy we remember best when we recall this era? (=We became prisoners of ourselves when we deal with the unseen horrors among us.)

Global Reading >> Word Scanning

1. Scan the text to find all the sentences containing the word “lock” or the word with “lock” as its root.

the word “lock”:

1) … the do or was closed but not locked. (Para. 3)

2) It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm system … (Para. 12)

3) The lock is a new symbol of America. (Para. 6)

4) … the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock. (Para. 7)

5) … we devise ways to lock the fear out. (Para. 16)

6) We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in. (Para. 18) “lock” as a root:

1) … doors do not stay unlocked (Para. 1)

2) … a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it. (Para. 4)

2. Based on these sentences, summarize the main idea of this text.

Detailed Reading

I. Difficult Sentences

1.I don’t know if that was a local term or if it is universal.

1) What do “local” and “universal” mean respectively?

(=“Local” means “of a particular place”, while “universal” means “common to all conditions or situations”.)

2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(=我不知道这是当地的一种说法，还是大家都是这么说的…)

2.… doors do not stay unlocked, even for pa rt of an evening.

Paraphrase the sentence.

(=… doors are always locked, even just for a short period of time in the evening.)

3.It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small

notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.

What can be commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant homes?

(=Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes.)

4.Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not

charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child’s bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.

What is the insurance company’s intention of running an ad with a picture showing a padlock attached to a kid’s bicycle?

(=The insurance company wants to show what danger people are in now because they may get the kid’s bicycle stolen.)

5.If you work for a medium- to large-size company, chances are that you d on’t just wander in

and out of work.

1) What is a medium- to large-size company?

(=A company which is between medium-sized and large-sized.)

2) Paraphrase the structure “chances are that …”

(=It is very likely that …)

- Chances are that we will win easily.

(=我们很可能会轻松取胜。)

6.It simply didn’t occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people.

1) Paraphrase the structure “It occurs to sb. that …”

(=sb. gets the idea that …)

- It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer to do the job.

(=我突然意识到可以用电脑来做这个工作。)

2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(=那时管理人员根本没想到过恰当的手段是不信任他人。)

7.We seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay.

Paraphrase the sentence.

(=Finally, we found the way to keep away the terrorists, no matter whether they are real or imagined in our mind.)

8.The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether

his friend or client is telling lies.

Paraphrase the sentence.

(=The machines are thought to be able to tell the businessman whether his friend or client is telling lies with little probability of making mistakes.)

9.All this is being done in the name of “security”; th at is what we tell ourselves.

1) Why does the author use the quotation marks?

(=This is not real security. People are living in the illusion that they are properly protected by these security means.)

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(=所有这一切都是以“安全”的名义实施的；我们是这么跟自己说的。)

10.We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted

ourselves.

1) Explain “we have all outsmarted ourselves.”

(=“Outsmart” means “gain the advantage over by cunning or cleverness”. “We have all outsmarted ourselves” means “our cunning and cleverness result in our own disadvantage.”)

2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(=我们在自我防卫方面变得如此聪明, 最终全都聪明反被聪明误。)

II. Words & Expressions

on the latch:(of a door) closed but not locked

- Let yourself in; the door is on the latch.

- Don’t forget to leave the front door on the latch if you go to bed before I come back.

rural: adj.of, in or suggesting the countryside

- By the year 2003 urban residents will outnumber rural residents in most developing countries. - 庄稼种在乡村地区。

(=Crops are grown in rural areas.)

vulnerable: adj.exposed to danger or attack; unprotected

- Compared with Saudi Arabian soccer team, the Chinese team is more vulnerable.

- 你的论点相当容易受到批评。

(=Your arguments are rather vulnerable to criticism.)

- How does the country defend vulnerable groups in society?

urban: adj.of, situated in or living in a city or town

- Motor vehicle emissions, to a large extent, are responsible for urban air pollution.

- Most urban areas in the world are facing the problem of over-population.

Collocation:

urban districts 市区

the urban population 城市人口

urban areas 市区

CF: urban & municipal

这两个形容词都有“都市的、城市的”之意。

urban 指以都市中心为主的行政区。例如：

- Nowadays, as the population and vehicles increase, urban districts seem to be more crowded. (=如今，随着人口增长和交通工具增多，市区似乎变得更拥挤了。)

- Our government has always paid much attention to the life of the urban poor.

(=我们的政府历来都重视城市贫民的生活。)

municipal 主要指与城市、市镇或其政府相关的部门、服务机构，尤指市政府机构管辖下属于公共的、为公众服务的设施、事业等。例如：

- Cities usually use taxes for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings.

(=城市通常将税收用于教育、公安和消防部门、公共设施和市政建设。)

statistics: n.collection of information expressed in numbers

- The statistics indicate that roughly every 22 years a major drought occurs in the United States. - 统计数字显示退休之后女性比男性生活愉快。

(=Statistics show that women live happier lives than men after retirement.)

tranquil: adj.calm, quiet and undisturbed

- Visitors like to stay in this hotel because it is beautiful and located in a tranquil lake area.

- 家中的温馨气氛是非常重要的。尽你所能去创造一个宁静和谐的家。

(=A loving atmosphere in your home is so important. Do all you can to create a tranquil and harmonious home.)

- Another advantage of country life is that it is more tranquil.

CF: tranquil & calm

这两个形容词都有“安静的、平静的”之意。

tranquil 指安宁的、平静的。例如：

- We found a tranquil spot on the bank of a river to have a rest.

(=我们在河岸上找到一块宁静的地方休息了一下。)

- She has a tranquil life in the country, in an out-of-way little village.

(=她在乡间一个偏僻的小村子里过着宁静的生活。)

calm 表示平静的、镇静的，指一种毫无迷惑与兴奋的宁静状态。例如：

- He went straight into his room, his face quite calm.

(=他径直走进自己的房间，脸色十分平静。)

- She remained calm on the face of imminent disaster.

(=灾难临头而她镇静自若。)

era: n. a period of history or a long period of time

- The Christian era starts with the birth of Christ.

- Our era produces a host of heroes and heroines.

- 我们现在正处于一个新的伟大的信息时代。

(=We are now in a great new era of information.)

electronic:n.of or relating to electronics or devices and systems developed through electronics - Use of the Internet is replacing other forms of electronic communication.

- 一般说来，直到现在，这样的机器人还是由大型电子计算机控制的。

(=In general, such robots have been controlled up to the present time by large electronic computers.)

hook up to: connect or attach (sth.) to (sth. else) with or as if with a hook

- I hook up to the internet almost everyday.

- My computer is hooked up to the Internet, so I can communicate with my students at home via email.

- The alarm systems in the banks are hooked up to the local police station.

build in/into:make (sth.) as part of the structure

- The cupboards in the kitchen are all built in.

- We are having those shelves built into the wall over the bed.

pry:

1. vt. force sth. open or away from a surface

- 你能不能帮我不打破这个木箱盖而撬开它?

(=Can you help me pry the cover off this wooden box without breaking it?)

- Her car trunk had been pried open and all her equipment was gone.

2. vi. look or inquire closely and curiously

- Don’t pry into the affairs of others.

Collocation:

pry about 到处窥探

pry into 窥探，打听

paste:vt.stick sth. with glue

- A notice has been pasted to the door.

- 这个年轻人将他最喜欢的歌手的照片贴在墙上。

(=The young man pasted the pictures of his favorite singer on the wall.)

premise: n.

1) (pl.) all the buildings and land that an institution occupies on one site

- I showed him off the premises.

- There is a kitchen on the premises.

- 警察认为小偷仍在屋内。

(=The police think the thief is still on the premises.)

2) sth. that you accept as true and use as a basis for another idea or way of thinking (usu. followed by that-clause)

- It was the lawyer’s premise that his client was innocent.

- I’m rather questioning whether the whole premise is correct.

Collocation:

an assumed premise 假设

an unsound premise 站不住脚的假设

feature:

1. vt. give a prominent part to (sb./sth.)

- 报纸为那个事件做了个专题报道。

(=The newspaper featured the story of the event.)

- The play featured two well-known actors.

2. n. a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic

- The building contained many new features of construction.

Collocation:

a unique feature 独一无二的特征

a key feature 主要特征

a notable feature 显著特征

make a feature of 以…为特色；注重

chart:n. a diagram, picture, or graph which is intended to make information easier to understand

- The chart showed the decline in the company’s sales during the year.

- The weather chart shows where rain fell over China yesterday.

Collocation:

compile a chart 编制图表

consult a chart 查看图表

a flow chart 流程图

a statistical chart 统计图表

barrier:n.thing that prevents progress or movement

- The football fans broke through the barriers and rushed onto the pitch.

- The English Channel was a barrier against Nazi ground forces.

- 警察设了路障。

(=The police put a barrier across the road.)

Collocation:

trade barrier 贸易壁垒

cultural barrier 文化隔膜

language barrier 语言障碍

geographical barrier 地理阻隔

barricade:

1. n. a barrier of large objects, intended to stop an enemy

- Barbed-wire barricades blocked off all the main streets.

- Protesters have been putting up barricades across a number of major streets.

Collocation:

place/erect/set up/put up barricades 设置路障

remove/demolish/tear down barricades 拆除路障

2. vt. block with a barricade

- Workers in Spain barricaded roads and clashed with police.

Pattern: barricade oneself against; barricade oneself into

- barricade oneself against outside moral decay

(=把自己同外界的道德沦丧隔绝)

- barricade oneself into one’s room

(=把自己关在房间里)

- The families in this remote village have practically barricaded themselves into their homes.

hold/keep (sb.) at bay: prevent (an enemy, pursuers, etc.) from coming near

- Eating oranges keeps colds at bay.

- She left the light on at night to keep her fears at bay.

sideways: adj./adv.to, towards or from the side

- Alfred shot him a sideways glance.

- If you would move sideways to the left, I can get everyone on the picture.

- 我们把桌子斜向一边以便把它搬进房间里。

(=We turned the table sideways to get it into the room.)

stand for: represent; mean

- What does NB stand for?

- The symbol “%” s tands for percent.

- 约翰一直支持正确的事情。

(=John always stands for what is right.)

analyze:vt. examine sth. in detail in order to understand it, esp. by considering separately all the elements it consists of

- The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.

- 科学家分析了一下牛奶，发现里面水分过多。

(=The scientist analyzed the milk and found it contained too much water.)

margin: n. an amount by which a thing is won or falls short

- Governor Bush won the election but by a small margin.

- Demand for college education exceeds capacity by a large margin.

- With the improvement of their living conditions, people’s demand for air-conditioning has increased by a large margin.

Collocation:

with/by a small/large margin 以微弱/较大的多数；幅度较小/大地

error:n.mistake

- Her name was omitted by error.

- 这次事故是由人为过错造成的。

(=The accident was caused by human error.)

Collocation:

admit/acknowledge an error 承认错误

amend/correct/rectify an error 纠正错误

commit/make an error 犯错误

CF: error, mistake & fault

这三个词都有“错误、缺点”之意。

error 通常指由于疏误而导致的行动上的错误或偏差，在实际运用中多指由于背离某种标准的偏差。例如：

- This is an error in grammar.

(=这是一个语法错误。)

mistake 多用于指缺乏正确的判断、理解、计算等而造成的错误，这种在行动或看法上的错误有时是无意的。例如：

- The teacher found several spelling mistakes in the pupil’s written answers.

(=老师在学生的书面作业中发现了几处拼写错误。)

fault 可表示人或物的缺点和毛病。用于人的过错时，多用于小且能宽恕的错误，含有当事人对造成的过错应负责任的意味。例如：

- With all his faults, he is still a good student.

(=尽管他有这些缺点，他还是个好学生。)

civilize:vt.cause to improve from a primitive stage of human society to a more developed one - The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center has shocked the civilized world.

- It must be admitted that the Romans helped to civilize many Europeans at that time.

- 非洲国家希望把非洲所有的原始部落都变成文明社会。

(=The African countries hoped to civilize all the primitive tribes on the land.)

reflection:n.

1) a thing bringing discredit or criticism (followed by on)

- The fact that we all failed the test was a reflection on our teacher.

- 这有损你的名誉。

(=This is a reflection on your honor.)

2) reflecting (careful thinking) or being reflected

- On further reflection, she saw her mistake.

- 他沉思片刻后做出了否定的回答。

(=After a minute’s reflect ion, he gave a negative answer.)

Collocation:

cast a reflection on 使人们对…产生鄙视（或怀疑）

cast/throw reflections on 指责（某人）

on/upon reflection 经再三思考

without reflection 轻率，不经思考

look back on:think about (sth.) in one’s past

- I always look back on those days as the happiest time of my life.

- 当你回顾你的一生时，你最珍惜的是什么时候？

(=When you look back on your life, what moments would you cherish the most? )

After Reading >> Useful Expressions

（门）关着但没上锁on the latch

带钥匙carry keys

（暂时）关闭close up

巡逻严密的城区街道well-patrolled urban streets

据称很宁静的地区the allegedly tranquil areas

…的时代结束了the era of … is over

电子报警系统electronic alarm systems

连接到hook up to

内置，嵌入build in

处于监控下under surveillance

设置路障put up barricades

保安security guards

不让靠近hold/keep (sb.) at bay

电子搜查器electronic friskers

看都不看一眼without so much as a sideways glance 代表；表示，象征stand for

沉浸于，沐浴于be bathed in

误差率很小/大with/by a small/large margin of error 在人类文明的历史上in the history of civilized man

聪明反被聪明误outsmart oneself

回首（过去），回顾（以往）look back on

看不见的恐惧unseen horrors

人教版七年级上册英语Unit1知识点总结

Unit 1 1.短语归纳： Your name 你的名字first name 名字last name 姓氏her name 她的名字 telephone /phone number 电话号码in China 在中国 2.必背典句： 1.—nice to meet you! 见到你很高兴！ —Nice to meet you，too. 见到你我也很高兴。 2.—What’s your name? 你的名字是什么？ —Alan. 艾伦 3.I’m Jenny 我是珍妮。 4. What’s his / her name? 他的/她的名字是什么？ 5. Her name’s Mary. 她的名字是玛丽。 6. What’s your first/last name? 你的名字/姓氏是什么？ 7.—What’s his telephone number ? 他的电话号码是多少？ —It’s 876-9548 是876-9548. 3.形容词性物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，是人称代词的属格形式。它分第一人称、第二人称和第三人称，每个人称又分单数和复数。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 形容词性物主代词的用法和形容词的用法相似，具有形容词的性质。在句中作定语，修饰名

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Book2 Unit5 music 一、知识点总结 1.dream：vt. vi. 做梦；梦想；梦见；dream of：dream of = dream about doing，dream of/about sb./sth. 表示“梦见”，dream of/about sth.和dream of/about doing sth.表示“梦想；想象”。 I have dreamed of being a singer. 我一直梦想当歌星。 When he was a young man, he dreamed of going to Beijing 年轻时他梦想去北京。 She dreamt her life away, never really achieved anything. 她虚度一生，一事无成。 2.pretend：vt.“假装；装扮；伪称（某事物）；声称做某事；自称为某事物”；vi.“假装；自封； 自称”。观察下列句子，试总结相关结构： 1)She pretended illness so that she wouldn’t have to go. Pretend + n. 2)He pretended that he had known the result. pretend that… 3)We mustn’t pretend to know what we don’t know. Pretend to do 4)The students pretended to be reading their books when the teacher came back. Pretend to be doing 3. honest: adv. Honestly: “诚实地；的确”; n. Honesty:“诚实；坦率；正直”; to be honest“说实在地；实话说”，用以强调所言出自真心; to tell the truth=honestly honest前可以加quite, absolutely. perfectly等副词。 4. attach vt.构成attach…to…结构: ⑴系上；附上；贴上；缚上；拴上⑵使依附，使附属⑶把……归于⑷（与oneself连用）使参加，使附着⑸认为有（重要性、意义） 1) Please attach labels to the luggage. 贴，附上 2) She is deeply attached to her friend Mary. 爱恋 3) That middle school is attached to Beijing University. 属于，附属 4) In the new century, we still should attach importance to the development of economy. 重视 5) He attached himself to the party last year. 参加 5.form: v. 组成，形成，n. 形式。⑴养成良好的习惯form a good habit; ⑵养成做某事的习惯; form the habit of doing sth.=develop the habit of doing sth. The teacher formed his class into five groups. 6.earn: vt. 挣得;earn one’s living 谋生，自食其力=make a living; earn money/praise 赚钱/赢得表扬; earn a good reputation赢得一个好名声. She earned a living as a part-time secretary. 7.perform: vt.表演，履行，实行; n. performance; 做本职工作perform one’s job; 履行诺言perform one’s promise; put on a performance. You must perform what you promise. He will give two performances this week. 8.play jokes on: 戏弄；和… 开玩笑，也可以说是play a joke on. 1)The children played a trick on their teacher. 2)James was making fun of the new pupil. 3)Don’t joke with the deaf about his hearing. 二、重点句型

book7unit1语言点

一，课前预习 1. _________ n.无能；残疾_________ adj.伤残的_______ adj.能干的；能够的 2. __________ n.野心，雄心 __________ adj.有雄心的，野心勃勃的 3.____________ adj.有益的__________ v.&n.受益；利益，好处 4. _____________ adj.独立的______________ n.独立__________ v.依靠，依赖 5.______________ n.鼓励____________ v.鼓励__________ n.勇气，精神二，重点短语 1.换句话说_______________ 2切掉,删掉_________________ 3.上气不接下气_________________ 4.闲坐着________________ 5. 取笑______________ 6.一切顺利__________________ 7.也, 又; 和……一样好_______________ 8.对…有益___________________ 三，重点词组和句型探究： 1. She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps(800 metres) this year.她很骄傲她参加了比赛而且在今年的800米长跑中打破了记录。 [解释]to have taken part in…为不定式的完成时，表示的动作在谓语动作前发生，意为“已经做了”。 [典例] I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.对不起，让你等了那么久。AIDS is said to have been the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.据说，在过去的几年里，爱滋病已经成为那个地区男性以及女性的最大的健康隐患。 [练习]汉译英 1）当老师问起时，他假装读过了这篇课文。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2）据说他的作品被译成了多种文字。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them.有些同学看不到我的内心世界,但我并不生气，只是不理会他们罢了。 [解释] see the real person inside one’s body “了解某人内心深处”是一种比较形象的说法。

人教版高中英语必修一巩固练习-unit4语言点.docx

高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 巩固练习 一、根据提示完成句子。 1. Dead and _______(受伤的) people lay everywhere after the terrible accident. 2. That place is dirty and _______（有气味的）. 3. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and ______（爆炸）. 4. The firemen ________(营救) the boy from the burning house. 5. It is reported that there were only 5 _____ (幸存者) in the accident. 6. A great many houses were ________（毁坏）in the earthquakes and many people became homeless. 7. The railway tracks were now ______（没用的）pieces of steel. 二．选择词组并用其正确形式填空。 think little of, dig out, in ruins, right away, be trapped in, as if, be proud of, blow away, at en end, fall down, a great number of, suffer from, be buried in 1. We are expecting to ________some important facts. 2. The whole city lay ___________ after the terrible earthquake. 3. He ___________ my advice and that made me angry. 4. Suddenly a strong wind came and _______ the roofs of their new houses. 5. Some people will feel happy _____ if they have a book in their hands. 6. The little girl ________ because of running too fast. 7. He has grasped ______ English idioms this term. 8. I must warn you that my patience is almost ______. 9. She _______ her son, who did well at university and now is a doctor. 10. My father has _______ his heart illness for about 20 years. 11. He acted______ he were a doctor. 12. Since she left, he is ______ his work. 13. In that area, many dogs are trained to look for people ______ the snow. 三、单项选择 1. I’d prefer _____ in the office r ather than __________ at home watching TV. A. working; staying B. working; stay C. to work; stay D. work; to stay 2. There is nothing more I can try _____ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 3. After ____ the old wall, the explorers found something new. A. digging into B. digging out C. digging up D. digging down 4. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ______ during the day.

unit4 Astronomy 语言点 知识讲解

目标认知 重点词汇： explode，escape ，depend ，encourage，violent，presence，allow，lay，exist，remain，prevent，force，pull，cheer，exhaust，warn，possible 重点短语： in one’s turn，in time，a bit of 重点句型： “be to+动词原形”的用法 it作形式宾语 whether的用法 知识讲解 重点词汇 【高清课堂：403623Astronomy 探秘天文学精讲词汇】 explode 重点例句： It exploded loudly with fire and rock. explode (v.)爆炸，爆发 (1) explode with anger 勃然大怒 explode into laughter 放声大笑 the exploding world population 迅速增长的世界人口 (2) explosion (n.)爆炸 explosive (adj.)易爆的 (n.) 爆炸物；炸药；迸发(感情)； (人口等)突增 完成句子 (1)Two bombs ________ (爆炸) in front of the park gate，causing two deaths. (2)Suddenly Charles _______________________ (勃然大怒)． (3)There will be no standing room on the earth ________________________________________ (由于激增的世界人口)． escape 重点例句： They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevent heat from escaping from the earth into space. escape (v.)逃跑，逃避(n.)逃脱 作为动词，常用于下列结构或短语中： escape from...从……逃走